一种六足仿生巡检机器人的设计与实现

六足仿生机器人因其灵活度好、可靠性高、适应性强等特点而得到广泛应用;针对六足仿生巡检机器人,从结构设计、步态规划、系统仿真和实物构建等方面,探索一般意义上系统设计和实现方法;首先设计了六足仿生机器人的多关节机械结构,并给出了此类系统的量化建模方法;然后采用了重心随动的三角步态规划方法,对系统稳定性和典型步态规划进行了量化分析;在此基础上基于标准D-H参数法建立了机器人的运动学模型,并且通过仿真实现了六足机器人向前纵向行走和向右横向行走的直线平稳运动;最后通过六足仿生巡检机器人实物测试,验证了所设计的结构和步态规划方法的可行性和有效性。     

六足移动式微型仿生机器人的研究

本文描述了一种微型六足仿生机器人的结构与控制，分析了这种微型六足仿生机器人 的移动原理. 该机器人基于仿生学原理，结构独特、简单、新颖，能方便地实现前进和后退 ，其样机外形尺寸为：长30mm，宽40mm，高20mm，重6.3g．并对该样机进行了实验，实验 结果表明该机器人具有较好的机动性．     

六足微型仿生机器人及其控制系统的研究

介绍了一种微型六足仿生机器人的结构与控制系统，分析了这种微型六足仿生机器人的移动原理，阐述了如何通过计算机来控制微型六足仿生机器人的运动，该机器人基于仿生学原理，结构独特，简单，新颖，能方便地实现前进和后退，其样相外形尺寸为：长30mm,宽40mm,高20mm，重6．3克，并对该样机进行了实验，实验结果表明该机器人具有较好的机动性。     

基于ADAMS的仿生六足机器人运动仿真

为研究仿生六足机器人的运动,根据六足甲虫的结构特点和运动特征,在不同运动形式下质心的位移、各关节的转矩等参数随时间的变化情况,利用三维建模软件SOLIDWORKS和机械系统动力学仿真软件与ADAMS联合建立仿生六足机器人的仿真模型,并对其进行直行和定点转弯运动仿真分析,通过对所得到的运动学和动力学数,验证了仿生六足机器人结构的合理性和运动的可行性,同时也发现了运动中存在的一些问题,为仿生六足机器人物理样机的研制提供了理论依据。     

仿生六足机器人图像采集卡USB驱动技术研究

针对仿生六足机器人作业任务的具体情况,设计了一款具有USB接口的图像采集卡;该采集卡采用FPGA/CPLD进行图像采集和控制,通过USB接口完成图像数据的传输,具有体积小、速度快、功耗低和实时性好等特点;由于该采集卡是仿生六足机器人视觉子系统的重要组成部分,在视觉子系统中应与其他器件进行合理挂接,因而必须妥善解决USB驱动问题;通过研究和探索,编写了USB设备驱动程序,并使用2个URB来轮流读取,提高了接收效率;调试编译的结果表明该USB设备驱动程序具有良好的实时性和可移植性,有效提高了仿生六足机器人视觉子系统的工作效率。     

基于GPS的仿生六足机器人实时导航定位

根据微小型仿生六足机器人的作业任务和工作环境要求,搭建一套基于嵌入式数字信号处理器TMS320VC 5509A DSP和Superstar II GPS接收板卡的机器人导航系统。采用Marconi Binary串行数据传输标准协议采集全球定位系统(GPS)的定位数据,提出用切面投影定位法对GPS提供的定位数据进行坐标转换,并根据转换后的结果对仿生六足机器人的航迹进行修正。实验结果表明该导航定位系统具有良好的实时性和定位精度。     

六足仿生蟑螂机器人设计

介绍了一款基于单片机控制的六足仿生蟑螂机器人。该机器人在外形和足部结构上仿生蟑螂,六足均匀分布于身体两侧,每足给出了3个自由度;机器人的步态采用经典的三足步态法;该运动控制器由STC12C5A60S2单片机和舵机组成,采用多舵机分时控制的方法,机器人能实现按所设计的步态规划进行前进、后退、左转、右转等动作;同时添加了语音模块,机器人能在预定程序下随音乐进行舞蹈动作。     

六足仿生机器人机构与控制系统设计

由于六足仿生机器人的足数较多,控制其稳定行走较为复杂,针对控制六足机器人稳定行走的要求,该六足机器人的腿部是参照蚂蚁的腿部结构进行设计,并对其进行建模分析.整个系统在硬件上选取了Arduino、无线模块、显示模块、舵机控制板等;软件上选用Qt Creator在上位机上编程,用于远程遥控六足机器人及观察其行走状态变化;在步态控制上采用了三角步态控制算法.通过设计机械结构、建模分析以及硬件、软件和算法的结合,实现了六足仿生机器人的稳定行走.     

微型仿生六足机器人的运动控制的软件设计

介绍了一种微型六足机器人的新结构,该设计将直线行进运动与转向运动合理地结合了起来;着重介绍了基于IO板的机器人控制系统VB软件设计,并分析了机器人的运动稳定性和灵活性;最后是实验结果和分析;按照文章叙述成功制作了机器人样机——“银甲虫1号”,其大小为：半径3cm,高4．2cm,重49g;实验证明“银甲虫1号”运动灵活可靠,有很好的机动性。     

仿生六足机器人多电机控制系统的研究与设计

以电机专用控制芯片F2812 DSP为核心构建了仿生六足机器人多电机控制系统.设计和编制了相应的硬件电路和软件流程,使PWM周期达到20μs左右,将机器人控制系统的整体性能大大提高;仿真实验结果证明,该控制系统运行稳定、性能可靠,为仿生六足机器人技术的进一步完善奠定了基础;所探讨的技术方法和设计思路还可为其他类型机器人的开发和研制提供借鉴和参考。     

基于ARM的六足仿生机器人野外定位系统

为了更好地控制六足仿生机器人适应野外作业环境,针对机器人野外定位问题,提出了一种六足仿生减灾救援机器人无线野外定位系统解决方案,方案以三星S3C2440为硬件平台,以嵌入式linux系统为软件平台,设计了六足仿生机器人野外定位系统。通过GPS全球定位系统进行六足仿生机器人的定位,利用GPRS实现网络通信,并将定位信息传输到终端设备,终端设备通过发送命令的方式控制六足仿生机器人实现相应的动作。实验证明：该系统的稳定性好,可靠性较高,能较好的满足六足仿生减灾救援机器人野外定位的需求。     

Planar legged walking of a passive-spine hexapod robot

This paper proposes a new legged walking method for a novel passive-spine hexapod robot. This robot consists of several body segments connected by passive body joints. Each of the body segments carries two 1-DoF (degree of freedom) actuated legs. The robot is capable of achieving planar legged walking by rapidly abducting and adducting its legs. To model the mobility of a robot based on this simple design, the candidate configurations from all possible configurations are first selected in a mobility analysis of the robot based on the screw theory. All the feasible sequences of these candidate configurations are then searched to form planar locomotion gaits. Next, locomotive performance of the gaits is analyzed. Finally, the proposed locomotion design and gait planning methods are verified through simulations and experiments.     

Q-Whex: A simple and highly mobile quasi-wheeled hexapod robot

This paper presents the design and control of Q-Whex, an untethered, quasi-wheeled hexapod robot. Q-Whex has only six actuators—one motor located at each hip—achieving mechanical simplicity that promotes reliable and robust operation in real-world tasks. All of the robot's mechanical parts are simply fabricated with carbon fiber plates, which makes the robot very easy to make. Q-Whex is capable of performing wheeled-like smooth rides over flat ground with a tripod gait, and thereby prevent the common problem of trunk fluctuations in legged-wheel robots. It is also able to traverse height variations well exceeding its trunk clearance. The performance of Q-Whex is evaluated in various scenarios, including driving and turning over flat terrains, ramp-riding, step-crossing, stair-climbing, and irregular terrain-traversing.     

Design,development, and control of a tough electrohydraulic hexapod robot for subsea operations

Abstract

In this paper, the design, the development, and the control for an 18 degree-of-freedom electrohydraulic hexapod robot for subsea operations are presented. The hexapod, called HexaTerra, can be equipped with a trenching machine, and move over obstacles and on sloped terrain. Optimization techniques are employed to size the robot legs. Rigid body equations of motion and hydraulic dynamics are developed. Compact electrohydraulic components are sized and selected taking into account the leg kinematics and system dynamic analysis. A model-based control system design is implemented in a real-time environment, able to produce the overall functionality and performance. Experimental results obtained from preliminary tests with the developed electrohydraulic hexapod show good controlled performance and demonstrate excellent system stability over obstacles.     

SHeRo: Scalable hexapod robot for maintenance,repair, and operations

Improper maintenance, repair, and operations of societal centric structures can lead to catastrophic failures that drastically affect global economy, the environment, and everyday life. Due to the remote, cramped and highly irregular environmental nature of these structures, routine manual procedures and operations can be rather tedious, dangerous, and hazardous for humans. Automating maintenance, repair, and operations removes human workers from having to crawl within highly cluttered and constrained spaces, breathing in stale air mixed with fumes from welding or particulate from repair work, and provides higher reliability and consistency in the repair work. This paper introduces SHeRo, a scalable hexapod robot designed for maintenance, repair, and operations within remote, inaccessible, irregular, and hazardous environments. The scalability of the design enhances traditional hexapod robot designs by incorporating two prismatic joints into each leg. A detailed discussion on the design and realization of SHeRo is provided. An analysis on the stability and workspace of SHeRo is presented and a dynamic criterion is developed to integrate the concepts of robot stability and constant orientation workspace into a stable workspace. The analytical solution of the lateral stable workspace of SHeRo is derived along with a metric for comparing stable workspace between different robot configurations. A simulated demonstration and two physical experimental demonstrations are presented showing the advantage of introducing scalability into the hexapod robot design along with the workspace enhancement and flexibility of the scalable hexapod robot.     

基于CPG的六足机器人运动步态控制方法

中枢模式发生器（CPG）在六足机器人的运动步态控制中起着至关重要的作用。为了研究六足机器人的运动控制方法,首先基于仿生学原理设计了六足机器人的机械结构,并在虚拟样机软件ADAMS中搭建其三维模型;其次选择Hopf振荡器作为CPG单元,并改进了振荡器模型;然后设计了六足机器人的CPG网络拓扑结构,包含单腿关节映射函数方案和腿间CPG环形耦合网络方案,并对其进行了改进;最后通过ADAMS和MATLAB联合仿真实验,验证了所设计六足机器人的运动稳定性和CPG控制方案的可行性与有效性。仿真结果表明,该方法能够满足六足机器人不同运动步态的控制需求,对六足机器人的运动控制具有一定的实际应用价值。     

The ASURA I harvestman-like hexapod walking robot: compact body and long leg design

This paper reports the design of a new hexapod walking robot, ASURA I, inspired by the physical features of a harvestman’s behavior. ASURA I has a special mobile form with one compact body and much longer legs than conventional hexapod walking robots. This form enhances the walking performance of the robot on rocky or uneven terrain. Here, we present the design and analysis of the leg mechanism, body structure design, gait planning, and prototype development. The long legs (relative to the body) are managed by special parallel link mechanisms, which powerfully and effectively drive the leg joints. The leg mechanism is analyzed by its kinematics, singularity, and static characteristics. The leg length and weight of ASURA I is 1.3 m and 27 kg, respectively. The alternating tripod and wave gaits of ASURA I are successfully demonstrated in a series of walking experiments.     

An adaptive locomotion controller for a hexapod robot: CPG,kinematics and force feedback

Insects can perform versatile locomotion behaviors such as multiple gaits, adapting to different terrains, fast escaping, etc. However, most of the existing bio-inspired legged robots do not possess such walking ability, especially when they walk on irregular terrains. To tackle this challenge, a central pattern generator （CPG）-based locomotion control methodology is proposed, integrated with a contact force feedback function. In this approach, multiple gaits are produced by the CFG module. After passing through a post-processing circuit and a delay-line, the control signal is fed into six trajectory generators to generate predefined feet trajectories for the six legs. Then, force feedback is employed to adjust these trajectories so as to adapt the robot to rough terrains. Finally the regulated trajectories are sent to inverse kinematics modules such that the position control instructions are generated to control the actuators. In both simulations and real robot experiments, we consistently show that the robot can perform sophisticated walking patterns. What is more, the robot can use the force feedback mechanism to deal with the irregularity in rough terrain. With this mechanism, the stability and adaptability of the robot are enhanced. In conclusion, the CPG-base control is an effective approach for legged robots and the force feedback approach is able to improve walking ability of the robots, especially when they walk on irregular terrains.     

基于弹簧负载倒立摆模型的仿袋鼠机器人稳定跳跃控制

仿生跳跃机器人具备很强的越障和环境适应能力,但是由于机器人运动过程中较短的可控时间以及腾空阶段运动的不确定性,运动的稳定性对于仿生跳跃机器人至关重要.本文对仿袋鼠机器人跳跃运动过程中的稳定跳跃控制问题进行了研究.首先采用双质量弹簧负载倒立摆模型(spring-loaded inverted pendulum,SLIP)模型对袋鼠机器人的结构进行简化,建立了机器人系统的动力学模型,并对机器人的运动过程以及着地相与腾空相的切换条件进行了分析.然后采用解耦控制的思想,将SLIP模型的运动控制分解为水平速度控制和跳跃高度控制两个方面,分别通过控制着地角度实现对水平运动速度的控制,通过能量补偿实现对跳跃高度的控制.最后在ADAMS仿真环境中建立机器人模型并进行了机器人运动仿真实验.实验结果表明,本文提出的方法可以实现仿袋鼠机器人稳定的周期性跳跃运动.