受轴向激励弹性支承梁的稳定性分析

对于广泛存在的弹性支撑梁,首次呈现支承弹簧刚度对轴向激励下梁横向振动稳定性的影响.应用Hamilton原理,建立了两端由线性弹簧支撑的受轴向激励梁的动力学控制方程.通过解析方法计算了受轴向压力梁的固有频率,得到了支撑弹簧刚度与系统固有频率和临界轴力的关系.Galerkin截断后,通过多尺度法和Runge-Kutta法,计算得到了梁参激振动稳态响应的半解析与数值解.讨论了激励幅值、支撑弹簧刚度、平均轴力对系统非线性响应幅值及软硬特性的影响.利用Routh-Hurwitz稳定性判据,求得系统的参激稳定边界,着重讨论了支撑弹簧刚度、阻尼系数的影响.研究发现,边界支撑弹簧的刚度可以显著改变受轴向激励梁的参激稳定边界.因此,研究结果将为广泛存在受到轴向激励结构的设计提供指导.     

运动车辆梁模型的横向振动频率及模态

将运动车辆的车身模型化为Eder-Bernoulli梁,车轮模型化为梁两端边界处的弹性不等的弹簧,形成半车模型.通过复模态分析法研究平滑路面上移动车体的横向振动特性,给出车体横向振动的频率方程以及模态的表达式,通过数值方法求解系统固有频率以及模态函数.并通过数值算例研究车辆运行速度、车体刚度、轮胎弹性系数对车体横向振动...     

分析两端扭转弹簧约束下简支输流管道的动力特性

研究了两端受扭转弹簧约束的简支输流管道的固有频率特性和静态失稳临界流速.根据梁模型横向弯曲振动模态函数,由端部支承和约束边界条件得到了其模态函数的一般表达式.根据动力方程的特征方程,具体分析了约束弹性刚度、流体压强、流速和管截面轴向力等参数对管道固有频率特性和静态失稳临界流速的影响.数值分析表明,约束弹性刚度的增大使管道的固有频率和失稳临界流速明显提高;流体流速、压强和管截面受到的轴向压力的增加使管道的固有频率和失稳临界流速降低.当管道的固有频率和失稳临界流速较低时,可以通过增加端部约束的方法来提高.     

弹性支撑浅拱的非线性动力行为分析

本文研究了两端转角均为转动弹簧支撑的铰支浅拱在外激励作用下的非线性动力学行为.基于弹性支撑浅拱的基本动力控制方程,采用多尺度法对内共振进行了摄动分析,并得到了极坐标形式的平均方程.弹性约束的刚度通过特征方程影响结构的自振频率和模态,且与平均方程的相关系数一一对应,文中还以最低两阶模态之间1:1内共振为对象进行了数值分析.结果显示系统存在模态交叉与转向两种内共振形式,另一方面结构参数处于某一范围之内时外激励激发的模态作用可导致出现准周期运动和混沌运动.     

轴向运动粘弹性夹层梁的横向振动

研究了小扰度下轴向匀速运动粘弹性夹层梁的振动模态和固有频率.基于Kelvin粘弹性本构方程,建立了轴向运动粘弹性夹层梁横向振动控制方程.分别采用Galerkin截断和复模态分析方法,研究两端简支的粘弹性夹层梁的固有频率和模态函数,讨论了轴向运动速度、夹心层与约束层厚度比、初始轴力等参数对夹层梁固有频率、临界速度及稳定性的影响.     

轴向运动功能梯度粘弹性梁横向振动的稳定性分析

基于Euler梁理论研究了轴向运动功能梯度粘弹性梁横向振动的稳定性问题.基于问题的数学模型和控制方程,利用微分求积法求得了轴向匀速运动功能梯度粘弹性梁亚临界区域内横向振动的复频率,分析其随着轴向运动速度、材料梯度指数等参数的变化情况,探讨上述参数对超临界区域失稳形式的影响.然后应用多尺度法结合边界条件分析了轴向速度带有周期扰动成分的变速运动功能梯度粘弹性梁的失稳问题,重点讨论了当速度扰动频率为固有频率二倍或者为两固有频率之和/差时所发生的次谐波共振及组合共振所导致的失稳.数值算例表明,随着梯度指数的增大,匀速运动功能梯度粘弹性梁的临界发散速度、耦合速度以及变速运动功能梯度粘弹性梁的稳定区域减小,且粘弹性系数的影响逐渐变弱,同等条件下,轴向运动功能梯度粘弹性固支梁比简支梁更为稳定.     

消隔组合X型减振器设计与动力学分析

本文将一种X型结构与线性弹簧阻尼减振器相结合构成一种兼具消振和隔振性能的新型X型减振器.基于拉格朗日方法建立单自由度线性振子耦合消隔组合X型减振器系统的动力学方程,应用谐波平衡法得到系统稳态响应的近似解析解,并通过Runge Kutta法得到系统的数值解验证解析解的正确性.讨论了不同的基础激励下新型X型减振器对系统的响应幅值以及位移传递率的减振效果.此外,分析了不同参数对系统的幅频响应曲线以及位移传递率的影响.研究结果表明,新型X型减振器不仅可以将线性刚度转化为非线性刚度,还可以为系统提供负刚度,拥有优秀的消振和超低频隔振性能.     

一类弦-梁耦合非线性振动系统的动力学数值模拟研究

本文研究了一类具有参数激励和外激励弦-梁耦合非线性系统.首先,运用多尺度法分析弦-梁耦合非线性系统的响应,求得系统平均方程.其次,基于求得的方程,以系统的阻尼系数作为分叉参数,并对系统平衡点的稳定性进行分析,得到平衡点的分叉曲线.为了验证理论预测的正确性数值模拟了不同分叉参数下的相空间轨线.利用四阶龙格库塔方法验证了弦-梁耦合非线性系统混沌运动的存在性,从数值模拟看出系统存在单倍周期运动、多倍周期运动和混沌运动.     

有限元法的轴向运动梁的激励功率谱辨识

主要考虑弯曲变形的细长轴向运动梁,可以作为工程中广泛应用在航天器天线、液体输送管道、汽车驱动带、电梯缆索等的简化机构.对轴向运动柔性梁线性微分方程,采用复模态分析方法导出两端简支和固支边界条件下的固有频率方程;采用Ritz法建立轴向运动梁的有限单元法模型.基于该模型在多种边界条件下进行梁的横向振动分析,并开展定点激励下激励功率谱的辨识.仿真结果表明,与传统的Galerkin截断方法相比.有限元方法能够克服分析方法的建模困难,对复杂边界梁进行有效的分析,对激励的功率谱能够有效地辨识.     

移动车辆桥梁系统中的振动能量获取

本文对移动车辆作用下桥梁系统的振动能量俘获进行了研究.将车辆模型简化为车轮--弹簧--阻尼器--簧上车身质量体系,桥梁简化为对边简支对边自由板模型,压电俘能结构采用粘贴有压电晶体材料的悬臂梁并在其末端附加一质量块.对于这个耦合动力学模型,首先,通过板壳振动理论推导出了移动车辆作用下板的运动微分方程;其次,根据欧拉伯努利梁振动理论和基尔霍夫第一定律得到了以桥梁振动响应作为激励的悬臂梁动力学--压电耦合方程;最后,对耦合运动微分方程进行了求解并对其数值模拟结果进行了分析.结果表明:采用设计的压电俘能结构可以有效地收集桥梁系统的振动能量,而压电装置的位置、压电梁的厚度、集中质量、车辆速度对压电俘能效率都有一定影响.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.