牛肉、牛奶中可的松和氢化可的松含量分析

采用液相色谱-串联质谱技术分析我国部分地区市售牛肉、牛奶中可的松和氢化可的松的含量水平。均质的牛肉或牛奶样品在乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液中酶解后用甲醇提取，提取液用石墨化碳黑固相萃取小柱和氨基固相萃取小柱净化，洗脱液氮吹至干并用甲醇溶液定容，液相色谱-串联质谱测定。采用SPSS?21.0软件进行数据分析。对采自我国9?省市的346?份牛肉和牛奶样品进行检测，分析牛肉和牛奶中可的松和氢化可的松的存在水平。牛肉和牛奶中均检出可的松和氢化可的松，检出率在86.1%～100.0%之间，检出含量范围为0.02～74.88?μg/kg。牛肉中可的松和氢化可的松的含量平均值（中位数）分别为1.69（1.14）?μg/kg和12.16（8.14）?μg/kg，牛奶中可的松和氢化可的松的含量平均值（中位数）分别为0.23（0.23）?μg/kg和0.72（0.72）?μg/kg。牛肉和牛奶中氢化可的松与可的松的含量均呈显著正相关。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中氢化可的松

目的 本实验建立了用液相色谱-串联质谱仪(HPLC-MS/MS)测定饲料中氢化可的松含量的检测方法。方法 试样中的氢化可的松经甲醇提取、碳黑固相萃取柱和氨基固相萃取柱净化,配制基质匹配标准溶液,外标法定量。色谱采用乙腈(A)和0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用多反应检测模式(MRM)对氢化可的松的定量离子和定性离子进行监测。结果 氢化可的松在5.0ng/mL~500ng/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数r = 0.9989;方法定量限为5μg/kg(配合饲料、浓缩饲料、精料补充料)和10μg/kg(添加剂预混合饲料);低中高不同浓度添加水平的回收率为77.0%～103.7%,相对标准偏差小于10%(n=5)。结论 该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确度好,适合饲料产品中非法添加物氢化可的松药物残留测定。     

液相色谱-质谱联用测定食品中19种激素

建立了食品中合成固醇类激素(群勃龙、勃地龙、诺龙、美雄酮、睾酮、司坦唑醇、甲基睾酮、黄体酮、丙酸诺龙、丙酸睾酮和苯丙酸诺龙)和糖皮质类激素(泼尼松龙、泼尼松、氢化可的松、地塞米松、倍他米松、甲基泼尼松、倍氯米松和氟氢可的松)多残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经乙酸铵提取,甲醇再提取,加水混匀,ENVI-Carb固相柱和NH3固相柱净化,经C18柱分离后进行LC-MS/MS选择反应监测模式下定量分析。合成固醇类激素采用正离子模式检测,糖皮质激素采用负离子模式检测,一次前处理,2次进样。19种激素的定量检出限为0.1~1.0μg/kg;采用1,3和10倍定量进行分析,回收率在50%~110%之间,相对标准偏差为2.0%~12.0%。对134批次样品进行检测,统计得到内源性激素(黄体酮、氢化可的松和睾酮)的本底值。     

牛初乳中可的松和氢化可的松质量分数变化

选择了5头荷斯坦牛利用液相-气质谱法分析了产后7 d内牛初乳中和常乳中可的松和氢化可的松质量分数变化.结果表明,不同天数的牛初乳中可的松质量分数无显著差异(P＜0.05),与常乳相比也无差异.牛初乳和常乳中可的松质量分数变化范围为2.16～0.51 μg/kg同样,不同天数的牛初乳中氢化可的松质量分数无显著差异(P＜0.05).与常乳相比也无差异.经统计相关分析表明,可的松含量与泌乳时间显著负相关(r=0.93,P=0.003).只有产后5 d内乳汁中氢化可的松含量与泌乳时间正相关(r=0.91,P=-0.03),随着泌乳时间的延长无相关性.     

液质联用法同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐残留

建立了婴幼儿配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐残留的高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用测定方法。样品经水超声溶解,乙腈除蛋白。以PC HILIC色谱柱分离,流动相为浓度50 mmol/L的乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈,流速0.25 mL/min。液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定,基质内标法定量。在该优化条件下,氯酸盐和高氯酸定量限分别为20μg/kg和2.0μg/kg,方法回收率为85.1%～94.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.38%～9.79%。经测定多种市售婴幼儿配方奶粉,表明该方法操作简单、测定结果准确,可用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐残留的同时快速测定。     

婴幼儿配方奶粉中3-氯丙醇酯的GC-MS法测定及暴露危险分析

目的:建立婴幼儿配方奶粉中3-氯丙醇酯的气相色谱—质谱联用(GC-MS)测定方法,并对部分市售婴幼儿配方奶粉中3-氯丙醇酯的含量进行调查。方法:用乙醚+石油醚(1∶1)提取奶粉样品中脂肪,以1 m L甲醇钠甲醇溶液(0.25 mol/L)将脂肪中的3-氯丙醇酯(3-MCPD酯)水解成3-氯丙醇(3-MCPD)并用硅藻土小柱净化后,经七氟丁酰基咪唑衍生,再用选择离子监测的气相色谱—质谱联用法测定,采用内标法定量。结果:3-MCPD酯在250~5 000μg/kg范围内线性良好(r0.999),3个浓度水平下加标回收率为71.5%~99.6%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~6.0%。20份奶粉样品中,检出率65%,含量为0.26~0.97 mg/kg脂肪、0.042~0.22 mg/kg样品。不同阶段统计婴幼儿配方奶粉平均暴露量,一阶段3.32μg/(kg·bw)、二阶段2.42μg/(kg·bw)、三阶段2.72μg/(kg·bw)、四阶段0.23μg/(kg·bw)。结论:该方法灵敏度高、定量准确度,适合婴幼儿配方奶粉中3-氯丙醇酯的检测。     

SPE-GC-FID法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中饱和烃类矿物油

目的：建立可准确测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中饱和烃类矿物油（MOSH）的固相萃取结合气相色谱—氢火焰离子化检测器（SPE-GC-FID）分析方法。方法：以MOSH的提取量为考察指标，研究了不同提取方法（浸泡提取、振荡提取、超声辅助提取及液液萃取等）和提取溶剂（正己烷、异辛烷、苯及混合溶剂等）对婴幼儿配方奶粉中MOSH的提取效果，确定了最佳提取方法和提取溶剂。在此基础上，利用AgNO₃ SPE固相萃取柱净化提取液，并用气相色谱—氢火焰离子化检测器（GC-FID）进行分析测定。结果：MOSH在10.0～1 000 μg/mL范围内具有良好线性关系，相关系数R²=0.999 97。方法的检出限为1.0 mg/kg，定量限为3.0 mg/kg。MOSH的加标回收率为93.3%～103.7%，相对标准偏差为2.3%～5.9%。应用该方法检测市售8个婴幼儿配方奶粉中的MOSH含量，结果在1.06～9.83 mg/kg，表明婴幼儿配方奶粉存在一定的MOSH污染风险。结论：该方法准确、灵敏，适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中MOSH的检测。     

UPLC-MS/MS检测鸡蛋中胆酸及其衍生物

目的：建立式固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）检测鸡蛋中胆酸、去氧胆酸和去氢胆酸的方法。方法：样品经甲醇提取，PRiME HLB净化后，经C₁₈色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，3.0 μm） 分离，甲醇—0.1%氨水溶液（体积分数）为流动相，梯度洗脱，负离子扫描和选择反应监测模式（SRM） 检测，外标法定量。结果：胆酸（CA）、去氧胆酸（DCA）、去氢胆酸（DHCA）在0.5~500.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系，相关系数＞0.999。CA、DCA和DHCA的检出限为1.0 μg/kg，定量限为3.3 μg/kg。在加标水平为1~10 μg/kg，CA、DCA和DHCA加标回收率为93.7%~102.5%，RSD为1.8%~9.2%。对随机抽取的30 批次鸡蛋进行检测，28批次样品检出胆酸。结论：该方法快速，灵敏度和准确度高，可作为鸡蛋中胆酸类药物及其衍生物的检测方法。     

婴幼儿配方奶粉中氯丙醇脂肪酸酯的检测方法优化与污染暴露

目的：采用气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）联用技术,建立同时测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯（3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester,3-MCPDE）、2-氯-l,3-丙二醇脂肪酸酯（2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol ester,2-MCPDE）、1,3-二氯-2-丙醇脂肪酸酯（1,3-dichloropropane-2-ol ester,1,3-DCPE）和2,3-二氯-1-丙醇脂肪酸酯（2,3-dichloropropane-1-ol ester,2,3-DCPE）含量的分析方法,并对市售50 份婴幼儿配方奶粉中4 种氯丙醇脂肪酸酯的污染水平进行调查分析和风险暴露评估。方法：婴幼儿配方奶粉经脂肪提取后,依次通过碱水解、硅藻土固相萃取小柱净化、七氟丁酰基咪唑衍生上机,同位素内标法定量。结果：该方法在20～600 ng/mL范围内线性良好（r2≥0.998 9）,检出限为0.005 mg/kg,定量限为0.015 mg/kg,检出限和定量限均以相应的氯丙醇计。0.03、0.075 mg/kg和0.15 mg/kg水平下的加标回收率在82.2%～113.9%之间,相对标准偏差均不大于8.3%。50 份奶粉样品中,3-MCPDE检出率为100.0%,含量为0.037～0.208 mg/kg,2-MCPDE检出率为42.0%,含量为ND～0.060 mg/kg,1,3-DCPE和2,3-DCPE均未检出。统计不同月龄婴幼儿氯丙醇脂肪酸酯的平均暴露量,0～6 月龄为3.86 μg/kg、6～12 月龄为2.00 μg/kg、12～36 月龄为1.07 μg/kg。结论：该方法操作简便、准确可靠,适合婴幼儿配方奶粉中4 种氯丙醇脂肪酸酯的同时测定。婴幼儿摄入氯丙醇脂肪酸酯的健康风险需引起关注。     

婴幼儿配方奶粉中邻苯二甲酸酯的固相萃取净化-气相色谱-质谱法测定

建立婴幼儿配方奶粉中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)固相萃取净化,气相色谱-质谱法测定的方法。样品加入同位素内标后,以乙腈提取,PSA/Silica固相萃取柱净化,气相色谱-质谱法检测,内标法定量。结果表明:该方法对婴幼儿配方奶粉的16种PAEs定量限为50~100μg/kg,加标回收率在74%~124%之间,RSD在0.78%~7.1%之间。该方法简便快捷,定量准确,重现性好,适用于高通量检测婴幼儿配方奶粉中PAEs质量分数。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the