低温环境下桥梁钢Q345qD疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

为了明确在寒冷地区服役桥梁钢的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,以16 mm厚桥梁钢Q345qD为研究对象,完成了室温和低温下的夏比冲击韧性试验、疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值试验。结果表明,夏比冲击功和试样断口剪切断面率随温度的降低而减少;在应力比0.1、0.2和0.5条件下,疲劳裂纹扩展速率均随温度降低而变缓,该桥梁钢的疲劳韧-脆转变温度点在-60℃以下;在室温~-60℃,其裂纹扩展速率均对应力比的变化不敏感;应力比0.1条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值随温度的降低有略微增大的趋势。该批次桥梁钢表现出了良好的抵抗低温疲劳裂纹扩展性能,防止低温脆性破坏成为疲劳设计的重点;试验数据能为钢结构桥梁的进一步抗低温疲劳和防低温冷脆断裂设计提供参考。     

WNQ570桥梁钢及其对接焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展性能试验研究

对WNQ570桥梁钢及其对接焊缝进行了疲劳裂纹扩展速率和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值测定试验,采用两种不同数据拟合方法分别得到具有95%保证率的疲劳裂纹扩展参数。结果表明：本批次的WNQ570钢材具有良好的疲劳裂纹扩展性能,其中对接焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展速率高于母材;在应力强度因子幅值处于10 MPa·m^1/2～70 MPa·m^1/2的常规区间时,基于单试件数据点的处理结果对应的裂纹扩展速率明显高于基于成组数据点的处理结果;WNQ570的疲劳裂纹扩展速率随应力比增加而增加,疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值随应力比增加而降低。     

低密度高锰高铝钢的动态变形行为及韧脆转变研究进展

低密度高锰高铝钢具有低密度和超高强塑性,在汽车工业领域具有良好的应用前景。综述了低密度高锰高铝钢的力学响应对温度、应变速率的依赖性,以及在不同应变速率和温度下低密度高锰高铝钢的微观变形机制和韧脆转变机理。同时分析了目前研究中存在的问题,指出了在应变速率和低温下,多缺陷与纳米尺度κ-carbide之间的交互作用机理、高应变速率诱发孪晶机制和局部温升抑制孪晶机制产生的条件等研究尚需进一步完善。随着研究的深入和完善,可以为低密度高锰高铝钢的性能优化和广泛应用提供基础。     

爆炸复合321/Q370qD双金属板对接接头的疲劳性能

采用轴向脉动拉伸疲劳试验,研究了爆炸复合321/Q370qD双金属板对接接头的疲劳性能。通过数理统计计算,获得了50%及97.7%两个置信度下试验材料的S—N曲线方程及据此确定的疲劳强度(2×10~6次),两个置信度下的疲劳强度均高于设计指标。对疲劳试样断口进行了观察,结果显示:疲劳裂纹大都起始于复合板对接接头的基层,个别起始于复层;裂纹稳定扩展区具有明显的疲劳辉纹,瞬断区具有典型的韧窝特征。断裂力学分析表明:疲劳裂纹起始于复合板不同组分的驱动力与复合板对接接头不同组分的循环屈服强度和弹性模量的乘积有关。     

Comparison of 3P‐Weibull parameters based on JC and KJC values

The characterization of fracture toughness of ferritic steels in the ductile‐to‐brittle transition is problematic due to the scatter of test results. Several proposals using Weibull statistics have been made, some of them in terms of J and others in terms of K; some authors employ a two parameters Weibull function (2P‐W), while others use a three parameters function (3P‐W), although ASTM E1921 uses 3P‐W in terms of K with two fixed parameters to determine the Reference Temperature To. An analysis about the relationship between Weibull distributions expressed in terms of J and K is presented in this paper. It is shown that if the J_C results follow a 3P‐W, their equivalent values do not exactly fit a 3P‐W function obtained by means of a simple transformation of the three parameters. Nevertheless, an approximated 3P‐W function in K terms is proposed in this work. It fits very well with the transformed values and their parameters are related to the ones expressed in J terms. In case the experimental results follow a 3P‐W in , a similar analysis can be performed. For the particular situation of a 2P‐W, there is an exact equivalence between the distributions in terms of J and K, being the Weibull slope in terms of K twice the slope in terms of J.     

Q345R钢焊缝区大气腐蚀行为研究

研究了储罐钢Q345R钢焊缝区的大气腐蚀特征,并通过极化曲线和交流阻抗技术对比分析了热影响区、焊缝和母材的腐蚀行为,结合扫描电子显微镜、激光拉曼光谱仪对样品表面腐蚀微观结构和组成进行表征。研究结果揭示:母材的腐蚀敏感性最大,焊缝区较热影响区相比更耐蚀。腐蚀倾向与显微组织存在一定关系,焊缝区的显微组织为粒状贝氏体与针状铁素体,因该区域组织细化明显降低该区域的腐蚀敏感性,同时因焊接工艺使焊缝处几乎成为无孔区,母材处存在的微孔隙会导致母材具有更高的腐蚀速率。     

14MnNbq焊接桥梁钢的疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

该文系统地研究了14MnNbq桥梁钢焊接热影响区的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。首先,由中心穿透裂纹(MT)试样疲劳裂纹扩展试验,获得了不同应力比R下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率和门槛值;然后考察了应力比R的影响,给出了适于不同应力比的疲劳裂纹扩展速率和门槛值的一般表达式;最后提出了一种由疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值▽Kth确定闭合参数U的新方法,将控制疲劳裂纹扩展的有效应力强度因子幅度写为▽Keff=▽K-▽Kth,由此讨论闭合参数U的确定方法。研究结果表明:对于14MnNbq焊接桥梁钢,该文给出的疲劳裂纹扩展速率表达式与试验结果符合得相当好。     

锈蚀Q345C钢材疲劳性能试验研究及数值模拟

为了研究桥梁常用Q345C结构钢锈蚀损伤后的疲劳性能,开展了Q345C钢材电化学加速锈蚀试验和拉伸疲劳试验,得到了不同锈蚀损伤程度下Q345C钢材的蚀坑深度分布特征和疲劳寿命,给出了50%和97.7%存活率下的S-N曲线,并对不同锈蚀率试件的疲劳断口特征进行了对比分析,通过3D扫描逆向建模并结合ABAQUS/FE-SAFE进行疲劳寿命仿真分析。结果表明：随着锈蚀率的增大,锈蚀区域由点蚀为主向均匀锈蚀为主转变;锈蚀对疲劳性能降低与应力水平有关,低应力水平下锈蚀对疲劳性能的降低尤为显著;未锈蚀试件97.7%存活率的S-N曲线与BS 7608规范接近且略大于钢结构设计规范GB 50017−2003,而锈蚀损伤试件97.7%存活率S-N曲线均低于常用疲劳规范曲线,且200万次等效疲劳强度明显降低;锈蚀试件断口存在明显的疲劳台阶且断裂后塑性变形小,试件的断口裂纹扩展面积比与应力水平和锈蚀率均呈反比;锈蚀试件疲劳寿命仿真结果与试验相比误差最大仅为6.32%。     

Q345B宽带钢边缘裂纹分析

采用化学成分分析、力学性能测试、显微组织观察和夹杂物检验等方法对有边缘裂纹的Q345B宽带钢进行分析。发现是由于铸坯存在FeS,MnS等夹杂物,轧制中这些夹杂物及过高锰含量导致裂纹的进一步扩展,最终形成边缘裂纹。     

The Ductile to Brittle Transition Behavior of the Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel and Its Laser Welds

The ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the modified 9Cr-1Mo steel and its laser welds was studied. The increase in grain size of the weld structure ascended the DBTT of the steel significantly. The transformation of retained austenite at martensite interlath boundaries into untempered and/or twinned martensite could also contribute to increased DBTTs of the steel and its welds tempered at 540℃.     

The Ductile to Brittle Transition Behavior of the Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel and Its Laser Welds

The ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the modified 9Cr-lMo steel and its laser welds was studied. The increase in grain size of the weld structure ascended the DBTT of the steel significantly. The transformation of retained austenite at martensite interlath boundaries into untempered and/or twinned martensite could also contribute to increased DBTTs of the steel and its welds tempered at 540℃.     

聚合物共混体脆韧转变的损伤竞争理论Ⅱ．基体性能对脆韧转变的影响

根据前文［１］提出的聚合物共混体脆韧转变（ＢＤＴ）的损伤竞争准数（Ｄａ）判据，研究了基体性能对ＢＤＴ的影响，并将聚合物的本征脆韧转变尺寸与Ｖｉｎｃｅｎｔ的σｂ～σｙ图进行了关联。在主要考虑测试温度对基体屈服应力影响的条件下，根据Ｄａ判据研究了ＢＤＴ的温度效应，首次推导了临界脆韧转变温度与临界分散相含量、临界粒径和临界粒间距的关系，实验结果证实了理论的合理性     

The effect of microstructures on fatigue crack growth in Q345 steel welded joint

It is a traditional that the fatigue crack growth behavior is sensitive to microstructure in threshold regime, while it is sensitive to R‐ratio in Paris regime. Fatigue test is carried out for welded joints of a Q345 steel where the compact tension specimens with 3.8 and 12.5 mm thickness are used, and comparisons of fatigue crack growth behavior between base metal and a few different locations in the welded joint are considered in Paris regime. Welding residual stresses are removed by heat treatment to focus the study on the microstructural effect. It is shown that fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) in the base metal is not sensitive to R‐ratio, but the FCGR increases in the overheated zone, the fusion zone and the weld metal zone with R‐ratio increasing. To the low R‐ratio, FCGR in the three zones is smaller than that in the base metal, but they approximate the same with base metal under the high R‐ratio. The mechanism of fatigue crack growth is analyzed through crack path in microstructures and SEM fractograph. The coarse‐grained ferrite in the base metal is of benefit to relaxation of the average stress at the crack tip, and the fatigue crack growth predicts branching and deflection within above different locations in the welded joint. These tortuous crack paths with crack branching and deflection will promote crack closure as well as crack‐tip stress shielding and then resulted in higher crack growth resistance.     

A model for fatigue crack growth in a threshold region

The prediction of fatigue crack growth at very low ΔK values, and in particular for the threshold region, is important in design and in many engineering applications. A simple model for cyclic crack propagation in ductile materials is discussed and the expression

$\text{da}\text{dN}\text{=}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{1+n}}\text{(1?2v)(ΔK}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{eff}}\text{?ΔK}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{c,eff}}\text{)}\text{4(1+n)π σ}{}^{\mathrm{1?n}}{}_{\mathrm{yc}}\text{E}{}^{\mathrm{1+n}}\text{?}{}^{\mathrm{1+n}}{}_{\mathrm{f}}$

developed. Here, n is the cyclic strain hardening exponent, σ_yc is cyclic yield, and ε_f is the true fracture strain. The model is successfully used in the analysis of fatigue data BS 4360-50D steel.     

Q345B中厚板表面的纵裂纹分析

采用金相检验和扫描电镜及能谱分析等手段对热轧Q345B中厚板表面纵裂纹进行了分析.结果表明,热轧Q345B中厚板表面纵裂纹是由于铸坯中存在夹杂物及铸坯纵裂引起的.通过对炼钢生产过程的观察,提出了改进连铸工艺等相关措施,取得了良好的效果.