化学合成与机械球磨制备的纳米颗粒润滑性能对比*

机械球磨和化学合成法制备的矿物纳米颗粒在化学组成、粒径分布和颗粒形状等方面存在显著不同,为研究2种方法制备的纳米颗粒对抗磨减摩性能的影响,采用环块式摩擦磨损试验机对比分析不同方法制备的纳米蛇纹石颗粒与纳米高岭土颗粒的摩擦学性能。试验结果表明：粒径为200~800 nm的合成纳米蛇纹石的摩擦因数和磨损量最低,球磨高岭土的摩擦因数和磨损量最大;合成纳米蛇纹石颗粒和有机钼减摩剂（MoDTC）复配能够进一步提高润滑性能,在110~130 ℃温度下,相比纯合成纳米蛇纹石颗粒,复配润滑油的摩擦因数降低约52%,相比MoDTC,复配润滑油磨痕宽度减少约13%;150 ℃试验温度下,合成蛇纹石、球磨蛇纹石、合成高岭土与MoDTC复配促进摩擦表面MoS2的生成,进一步降低摩擦因数;合成纳米颗粒形状圆润,没有尖锐棱角,对摩擦表面犁削作用小,相比球磨颗粒具有更好的抗磨减摩效果。     

一种含硼润滑油添加剂的制备及摩擦学性能研究

利用气流粉碎和长时球磨相结合的方法，制备了一种稳定分散的含硼润滑油添加剂，并利用环块摩擦磨损试验机和四球试验机考察了其摩擦学性能，并对其减摩抗磨机理进行了分析。实验结果表明，该种润滑油添加剂可使润滑油的摩擦因数和摩擦副的磨损量大幅度下降，表现出优良的减摩抗磨性能。     

无机纳米抗磨剂的摩擦学性能研究

用超声波纳米粉碎机制备了纳米级的粉料，借助透射电镜表征分析了颗粒的粒度及形状。根据正交试验找到了较好的分散悬浮剂，通过添加分散悬浮剂和采用超声波分散的方法制备出悬浮性、分散性良好的油基纳米抗磨剂。用环块磨损试验机测定了纳米抗磨剂的摩擦学性能，发现：将含一定量的纳米抗磨剂加入到基础油中，可提高其抗磨减摩性能。正常供油状态下，该纳米抗磨剂的摩擦因数和相对磨耗都有了一定的降低。停止供油状态下，进一步验证了该纳米抗磨剂在摩擦表面的沉积及随后的剪切作用下形成了具有抗磨减摩作用的膜。     

修饰的纳米铜粒子对合成机油抗磨性能研究

分别采用不同的摩擦磨损试验机考察了DDP修饰的纳米铜粒子对合成机油摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明，DDP修饰的纳米铜粒子作为添加剂，提高了摩擦副的耐磨减摩性能。     

蒙脱石和坡缕石纳米润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能

将KH550偶联剂修饰的纳米蒙脱石和纳米坡缕石,分别按质量比3%添加到150N基础油中制备2种纳米润滑油分散体系,用激光粒度分析仪、TEM、IR表征纳米添加剂的分散稳定性,在MMU-10G摩擦磨损试验机上测试2种纳米润滑油对45#钢的减摩抗磨性能,用SEM和EDX等分析摩擦试样表面成分与形貌的变化及影响摩擦学性能的机制。结果表明:纳米蒙脱石平均粒径较小,在150N基础油中分散更稳定;2种纳米润滑油相比纯基础油润滑时的平均摩擦因数和磨损量均明显下降,其中纳米蒙脱石润滑油的抗磨减摩性能最好;2种纳米润滑油润滑时摩擦试样表面分别生成了含蒙脱石和坡缕石特征元素的自修复膜层,其中蒙脱石特征元素含量相对较高,说明纳米蒙脱石摩擦学性能更好。     

油润滑条件下有机物修饰纳米铜颗粒改善铁基摩擦副摩擦磨损的研究

在球盘式摩擦磨损试验机上考察了有机物修饰的纳米铜颗粒作为50CC润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能;采用SEM和EDS分析了磨损表面形貌和表面膜元素组成。探讨了纳米铜颗粒的摩擦学作用机制：结果表明：有机物修饰的纳米铜颗粒作为添加剂能显著改善50CC润滑油的抗磨减摩性能,含0．05％纳米铜油样润滑下的摩擦因数与磨损量同基础油润滑下相比分别降低了27．6％与60％。分析后认为,纳米铜颗粒通过对摩擦表面进行修复及在摩擦表面成膜两种作用有效地改善了摩擦磨损性能。     

纳米铜润滑油添加剂在工程摩擦学中的研究进展

纳米铜具有低剪切强度和晶界滑移效应，与减摩剂、抗磨剂、抗氧剂等润滑油添加剂共同发挥协同减摩抗磨和自修复效用，具有较强的工程应用潜力。综述近年来纳米铜作为润滑油添加剂的工程摩擦学研究进展，讨论纳米铜在润滑体系中的润滑机制，总结分散稳定性、粒径及含量等因素对纳米铜颗粒摩擦学性能的影响规律，阐述增强纳米铜颗粒分散稳定性的方法。指出目前对纳米铜添加剂的摩擦学研究和润滑机制的认知仍缺乏系统性和统一性，且由于纳米铜表面较高的自由能，导致润滑油体系稳定性和润滑有效性不确定等问题，制约了纳米铜作为润滑油添加剂的工业应用和推广。最后展望纳米铜添加剂的发展方向。     

含纳米碳酸钙、稀土粒子润滑油的摩擦学性能

采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察、测定了纳米碳酸钙、稀土（RE）粒子形貌和粒径；制备了含不同浓度与比例的纳米碳酸钙、稀土复合粒子的润滑油，并在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了其摩擦学性能；采用扫描电子显微镜与X射线光电子能谱仪分析了磨损钢球表面的形貌、化学组成。研究结果表明，纳米碳酸钙、稀土粒子的最佳的添加量为0.6%，最佳配比为w（CaC03）：w（RE）=1：1；该润滑油具有优良的抗磨、减摩性能；其抗磨、减摩机理与纳米粒子存在形态以及摩擦化学作用有关。     

电镀废液回收纳米铜粉作为润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

以化学还原法从电镀铜废液中回收的纳米铜粉为固体润滑油添加剂,在四球式摩擦磨损试验机上研究纳米铜粉的加入量对润滑油摩擦学性能的影响。采用SEM、EDAX等分析磨斑表面,初步探讨纳米铜粉抗磨减摩机制。结果表明:纳米铜粉的添加显著提高基础油的抗磨减摩性能,当纳米铜粉加入量为0.3%(质量分数)时,其摩擦因数和磨斑直径分别比基础油减小33.4%和19%。含纳米铜粉润滑油在高载荷下具有更好的抗磨减摩性能。纳米铜粉在摩擦过程中抗磨减摩机制主要为填充作用和沉积自修复膜作用机制。     

含纳米铋粉锂基润滑脂抗磨减摩性能研究

采用四球式摩擦磨损试验机,研究了铋粉的平均粒径、加入方式和加入量对锂基润滑脂的摩擦系数和磨斑直径的影响规律,并研究了含纳米铋粉锂基润滑脂在不同载荷下的摩擦学性能.结果表明,铋粉粒径越小,润滑脂的摩擦学性能越好,合适的铋粉平均粒径为45 nm;采用直接加入2%的纳米铋粉时,润滑脂具有良好的抗磨减摩性能;含纳米铋粉锂基润滑脂在较高载荷下具有更好的抗磨减摩性能.     

Film-forming mechanisms for self-lubricating radial spherical plain bearings with hybrid PTFE/aramid fabric liners modified by ultrasonic

PTFE/aramid woven fabric liners were modified by ultrasonic. With self-made wear tester, tribological properties of the self-lubricating radial spherical plain bearings with modified and unmodified liners over swivel times were investigated. With scanning electron microscope and energy disperse spectroscopy, the film-forming mechanisms were analyzed. Results show: ultrasonic modification can improve tribological performances of the liners. Through ultrasonic modification, continuous and stable PTFE transfer films which had better wear resistance formed in a shorter time. Bearings with modified liners occurred slight adhesive wear, while the bearings with unmodified liners occurred serious adhesive wear and abrasive wear during the test process.     

Assessment of lubricity of compositions of fuel oil with biocomponents derived from rape-seed

This paper presents an assessment of tribological properties of compositions of fuel oil containing fatty acid methyl esters derived from rape-seed oil. An HFRR (high-frequency reciprocating rig – ball-on-flat) apparatus was used in this investigation. The studies were carried out for a steel–steel pair in the concentrated contact.The tribological properties were determined by motion resistances, wear and lubricant film concentration. The surfaces were analysed after tribological tests. The aim of the investigation was an attempt to obtain a correlation between wear quantities being measured and percentage content of bioadditives in fuel oil. It was found that at as little as 5% of the additive the coefficient of friction decreases by about 20% while wear decreases twofold relative to fuel oil, which may result from an increase in the stability of the lubricant film.     

抗磨添加剂对不同服役阶段润滑油摩擦学性能的影响

采用黏度测试仪测定新油及3种不同服役阶段润滑油的黏度,采用UMT-II摩擦磨损试验机考察其摩擦学性能,并同时考察3种在用润滑油添加抗磨添加剂后的摩擦学性能。研究结果表明:润滑油的黏度随着运行里程数的增加呈现先降后增的趋势;随润滑油运行里程数的增加,润滑油的摩擦因数增大,导致试验钢球的磨损量也增加;抗磨添加剂对不同服役阶段的润滑油的抗磨性能影响程度不同,在磨合磨损期和正常磨损期,加入抗磨添加剂后并不能改善润滑油的抗磨性能,而在异常磨损期,抗磨添加剂的加入可较好地改善润滑油的抗磨性能。     

纳米减摩修复添加剂摩擦学性能的试验研究

在MRH-3高速环块摩擦磨损实验机上,研究了纳米微粒Cu,A l,A l2O3以及不同配比的混合纳米粒子加入到SD40基础油中的摩擦学性能,并探讨了纳米添加剂的减摩机制。结果表明:含有纳米Cu,A l,A l2O3粒子的润滑油添加剂能显著提高SD40基础油的承载能力和减摩性能,且对表面具有一定的修复能力。     

以汽油和甲醇为燃料时小型二冲程发动机摩擦特性比较

采用往复振动机模拟小型二冲程发动机运转工况，实验研究汽油和甲醇为燃料时发动机气缸和活塞环间的摩擦特性，并比较分别使用润滑油新油、润滑油老化油、润滑油新油和老化油的混合油作为润滑油时气缸和活塞环间的摩擦特性。结果表明，以甲醇为燃料时的摩擦因数和磨损量均小于以汽油为燃料时的摩擦因数和磨损量，特别是使用添加了润滑油新油的燃料时的摩擦因数和磨损量最小。通过黏度和热重（TG）分析，探讨甲醇燃料改善气缸和活塞环间的摩擦特性的原因，结果表明，甲醇燃料具有较高的黏度和较低的摩擦因数，因而以甲醇为燃料时可以降低磨损     

Tribological investigation of layered sodium silicate as lubricant additives prepared by freezing titration ion exchange

Two layered sodium silicate products were prepared using a new ion exchange method called the freezing titration ion exchange. The tribological properties of the ion exchange products as additives in mineral oil were evaluated using a four-ball tester. The products exhibited excellent friction behavior when used as additives in mineral oil. When 1 wt% was added, the tribological properties of the oils improved: the maximum non-seizure loads increased by over 27% and the wear scar diameter and friction coefficient decreased by over 50% and 25%, respectively. The friction and wear behaviors of the silicates were better than those of the typical lubricant additives.     

钻井液用植物油润滑剂的制备及摩擦学性能研究

为了使钻井液用植物油润滑剂在高压和高温氧化后仍具有良好的抗磨减摩性能,将层状固体润滑剂石墨、蛇纹石加入植物油中,合成了几种含固体润滑剂的钻井液用植物油润滑剂;利用UMT-2球盘式摩擦试验机考察了各润滑剂的摩擦性能;在摇臂钻床上模拟钻探的摩擦工况,考察了合成的润滑剂的抗磨性能,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了钻头的磨损形貌。结果表明,在植物油中添加石墨、蛇纹石可以降低植物油的摩擦因数和摩擦副的磨损,同时可使植物油在高温氧化后仍能保持良好的减摩抗磨性能。     

Tribological properties of AlCoCrFeNiCu high-entropy alloy in hydrogen peroxide solution and in oil lubricant

Pin-on-disc tests to investigate the tribological behavior of AlCoCrFeNiCu high-entropy alloy under lubrication conditions with 90% hydrogen peroxide solution and lubricant oil, respectively, were performed. The study demonstrates that the AlCoCrFeNiCu high-entropy alloy lubricated correspondingly with lubricant of 90% hydrogen peroxide solution (hereafter termed hydrogen peroxide lubricant) and lubricant oil significantly improves its friction and wear-resistance properties. Results showed that the friction coefficient, after a grinding stage, of the rubbing pair was lower than that with normal lubricant oil. The AlCoCrFeNiCu alloy in the lubricant with 90% hydrogen peroxide solution and lubricant oil exhibits a high resistance to wear. Analysis of the worn surface revealed that the AlCoCrFeNiCu high-entropy alloy lubricated with the hydrogen peroxide lubricant exhibited signs of inhomogeneous polishing oxidation and abrasive wear, with the wear mechanism changing with sliding distance, while the rubbing pair in normal lubricant oil is mainly dominated by abrasive wear.     

The Size Effect of Boron Nitride Particles on the Tribological Performance of Biolubricants for Energy Conservation and Sustainability

The size of particulate additives in a bio-based lubricant influences their friction and wear performance during sliding contact. The present investigation evaluates the effect of boron nitride particle size on the tribological performance of canola oil-based lubricant mixtures. During sliding experiments, micron-, submicron-, and nanometer-sized boron nitride particle additives were considered. Friction and wear measurements were carried out on the prepared lubricant mixtures using a pin-on-disk tribometer at ambient conditions. A scanning electron microscope and optical profilometer were used for topographical studies to evaluate the influence of particle size on wear damage and surface roughness. The results revealed that the nanometer-sized particulate mixture outperformed micron- and submicron-sized particulate combinations in terms of friction and wear performance and provided a 90 % smoother surface finish. Furthermore, the tribological response of canola oil containing micron- or submicron-sized particles was found to be significantly enhanced by the addition of nano-sized particles, where the friction and wear were reduced by 40 and 70 %, respectively. It was inferred that the nano-sized particles were able to better coalesce in the asperity valleys due to their small size and spherical shape, which provided them with enhanced tribological properties in comparison with the micron- and submicron-sized particles that were larger and exhibited a plate-shaped in geometry. Newly developed non-dimensional surface roughness parameters were introduced to quantify the influence of particle size and the mechanisms involved in the tribological phenomena. The state of lubricants derived from bio-based feedstock were subsequently explored for their influence on energy conservation and sustainability, as well as their potential impact on the lubricant market place.     

短切玻璃纤维增强尼龙材料的摩擦与磨损

在环块式磨损试验机上研究了载荷、速度以及润滑介质等因素对自制短切玻璃纤维增强尼龙材料摩擦学行为的影响 ,利用扫描电镜对其磨损机理进行分析。发现 :材料的摩擦系数随载荷的增加而下降 ,达到最小值后 ,又随载荷的增加而持续上升 ,随着速度的增加 ,材料的摩擦系数增加 ;材料的磨损量则随载荷、速度的增加而持续增加 ;材料的磨损以粘着、疲劳为主。在润滑条件下 ,复合材料的摩擦系数大大降低 ;油润滑条件下 ,材料基本无磨损 ,但水润滑条件下 ,材料的磨损量反而比干摩擦条件下大。