ABS塑料化学镀铜工艺

介绍了ABS塑料表面化学镀铜的工艺流程,讨论了粗化温度和时间、敏化和活化时间、硫酸铜质量浓度、甲醛体积浓度、酒石酸钾钠质量浓度、镀液温度和镀液pH对镀层质量以及化学镀铜沉积速率的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件为15~20g/L硫酸铜、15mL/L甲醛、14g/L酒石酸钾钠,镀液温度为323K,镀液的pH为11~12。扫描电镜表明,所得镀层均匀、光亮,结合力好。     

环氧树脂板二氧化锰-硫酸体系化学粗化工艺

采用二氧化锰-硫酸体系粗化环氧树脂(EP)板,以增强后续化学镀Cu层的结合强度。研究了粗化液中硫酸体积分数和粗化时间对EP基体表面形貌、亲水性及其与Cu镀层结合强度的影响,得到较优的粗化工艺条件为：Mn O2质量浓度60g/L,硫酸体积分数71.0%,温度60°C,粗化时间15 min。在该条件下粗化后EP表面形成均匀致密的准球形微孔,水接触角为12.2°,与化学镀Cu层的结合强度达7.0 N/cm。     

Ni-C复合镀层在高分子PTC热敏电阻器上的应用

给出了Ni-C复合镀层生产工艺流程及工艺规范。介绍了提高铜箔粗化度及加强碳黑分散的工艺措施。讨论了电流密度、pH、温度及搅拌等操作对镀层及Ni-C共沉积的影响。总结了镀液维护及注意事项。实验结果表明,该Ni—C复合镀层制作的电极片质量全部达到PTC热敏电阻器性能要求。     

新型金刚石/铜基复合材料粗化液的应用

对金刚石/铜基复合材料表面化学镀预处理过程中的粗化工艺进行了研究,开发了一种JG-01型粗化液,其组成为:亚硝酸钠5 g,氢氧化钠5 g,三乙醇胺0.3 g,过氧化碳酰胺0.4 g,高铁酸钾0.5 g,去离子水88.8 g。采用扫描电镜分析以及结合力、耐热性等测试方法对比研究了该新型粗化工艺和传统粗化工艺对金刚石/铜基复合材料化学镀镍层表面形貌和性能的影响。与传统粗化工艺相比,新工艺对金刚石/铜基复合材料表面具有更好的粗化效果,粗化后得到的镍镀层平整、光亮,结合力和耐热性好。新的粗化工艺有效地解决了传统粗化工艺存在的漏镀以及镀层光亮性、结合力和耐热性差等问题。     

电镀级ABS树脂(Ⅱ)电镀工艺对镀层结合力的影响

研究了电镀工艺对镀层结合力的影响。结果表明:粗化时间过短或过长,粗化温度过高,镀层结合力下降很快。ABS树脂宜采用低温、长时间的粗化工艺。ABS树脂宜选择低H2SO4、高CrO3的配比;而PC/ABS树脂宜采用高H2SO4、低CrO3的配比;镀层厚度越厚,结合力越高。     

注塑工艺对PC/ABS合金电镀性能的影响研究

对聚碳酸酯(PC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)合金采用使用不同的注塑工艺注塑后电镀。研究了注塑工艺对PC/ABS合金粗化性能和镀层结合力的影响。结果表明:注塑工艺对PC/ABS合金的粗化性能和镀层结合力影响较大,注塑温度过低、压力和速度过高以及模具温度过低都会降低PC/ABS合金的粗化性能和镀层结合力。     

基于高锰酸钾粗化及乙二醛化学镀铜的ABS塑料电镀工艺

开发了一种环保的ABS塑料电镀工艺,其流程主要为:去应力,碱性除油,粗化,氯化亚锡敏化,银氨活化,硼氢化钾还原,化学镀铜,硫酸盐电镀铜,苯并三氮唑钝化.采用高锰酸钾代替铬酸粗化ABS,以电镀层外观和结合力为性能指标,对粗化工艺进行优化.用乙二醛替代甲醛作化学镀的还原剂,研究了乙二醛的质量分数、pH、温度等对化学镀铜沉积速率的影响.粗化的最佳工艺为:高锰酸钾15g/L,温度45℃,时间50 min.化学镀的最佳工艺为:乙二醛20％(质量分数),温度35℃,时间30 min,pH 13.0.     

压电复合材料表面化学镀镍工艺的研究

本文通过正交设计方法,研究确定了新型粗化液(硝酸溶液)、活化液,并对镀层表面进行各项性能测试。实验结果表明:粗化工艺的最佳条件为时间25min,温度25℃,浓度为硝酸比水为1∶3;活化工艺的最佳条件为时间5min,温度30℃,氯化钯浓度为0.4g/l,在此最佳条件下制备的产品具有较好的耐蚀性,较强的结合力,良好的可焊性以及较好的表面形貌。     

NaH-DMSO对Kevlar纤维表面处理的影响

采用化学镀工艺制备阻燃型导电纤维,为提高金属镀层与纤维基材的结合力,自制金属化试剂对Kevlar纤维进行表面粗化处理。利用分析天平、万能强力机、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和X射线光电子能谱仪对粗化前后的Kevlar纤维进行分析和表征。结果表明:经粗化处理后,Kevlar纤维表面呈现凹凸不平的粗糙表面,有大量的微坑和凹槽,能够增大纤维与镀层间的接触面积,纤维断裂强力降低;当处理温度为30℃、粗化时间为10 min时,粗化效果较好,纤维本体强度损失为6.6%;纤维表面极性基团含量增加,表面活性增强,从而改善了Kevlar纤维与金属镀层间的结合力和黏结性。     

涤纶织物化学镀镍前处理粗化工艺的研究

针对微波防护和电磁屏蔽用涤纶织物金属化的附着强度问题,研究了氢氧化钠、苯酚、聚乙二醇-600 3种粗化液对涤纶纤维的粗化效果。得出了较好的粗化液,并研究了该粗化液中氢氧化钠的质量浓度、粗化温度、粗化时间对织物纤维浸蚀效果的影响。结果表明,含90 g/L氢氧化钠的粗化液比另两种粗化效果更好,粗化温度80℃、粗化时间20 m in时,粗化效果最优,在涤纶基体上可获得良好结合力的化学镀层。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。