Drawing white elephants in Africa? Re-contextualizing Ernst May’s Kampala plans in relation to the fraught political realities of late-colonial rule

In 1945/1946, the Colonial Administration in Uganda commissioned Ernst May – planner of Das Neue Frankfurt (1926–1930) – to design the Kampala Extension Scheme and the smaller Wandegeya Development Scheme. The past decade has seen increasing scholarly interest in the neglected ‘African’ episode of Mays planning oeuvre, but this literature has not explicitly examined how May’s planning articulated with the fraught political realities of late-colonial rule. Utilizing previously undocumented archive material and a theoretical frame informed by governmentality studies, this paper examines these articulations, particularly those relating to tensions and contradictions in Colonial government arising from the would-be turning-point from indirect rule to a bio-political rationality of development and welfare. It is shown that while May’s submitted plans spoke directly to the tropes of urban improvement, African detribalization and labour stabilization, which informed the ‘turning point’ in colonial policy, May’s elaborate socio-spatial interventions and the style in which these enunciated racial difference proved unpalatable to a colonial administration stifled by the rationality of the economic domain of government, by constraints on how difference could be enunciated and by African urban politics.     

伪满“新京”规划思想来源研究——兼及城市规划思想史探述

日本1931年发动“九·一八”事变后,建立起以溥仪为首脑的伪“满洲国”傀儡政府,“奠都”于长春并改称“新京”.1932年日伪制定的“新京”规划除受日本在伪满的殖民政策的直接影响外,其规划思想主要来源于三方面:①近世西方城市规划的理论与实践(功能分区、地界调整、城市公园运动/城市美化运动、六边形规划等);②当时其他殖民地国家和新兴民族国家的首都规划;③日本明治维新以来,尤其是1919年《都市计画法》及其在关东大地震后加以应用的规划经验.针对既往研究的不足,着重阐明日本殖民主义政策的转变对城市规划的影响,考察西方规划思想和技术在“新京”规划中的应用和变化,说明规划思想史的研究对构成完整的城市规划图景的重要性.     

Spatial practice,conceived space and lived space: Hong Kong’s ‘Piers saga’ through the Lefebvrian lens

By applying the Lefebvrian lens, this paper tries to understand why unlike previous similar cases, the latest removal of the Star Ferry and Queen’s Pier was so controversial. To Lefebvre, embedded in ‘spatial practices’ that ‘secrete’ a place are two contradicting spaces: ‘conceived spaces’ produced by planners to create exchange values and ‘lived spaces’ appropriated by citizens for use values. Applying Lefebvre’s framework to examine the ‘Piers saga’, it is found that the pre‐Second World War (WWII) piers were ‘conceived’ by spatial practices of a colonial and racially segregated trading enclave. The public space in the commercial heart that housed the previous generations of piers was not accessible to the Chinese community, thus denying them opportunities to appropriate them and turn them into ‘lived’ spaces. It was only after WWII when the Government carried out further reclamation to meet the needs of an industrializing economy that inclusive public spaces were conceived in the commercial heart, enabling the general public to ‘appropriate’ them as ‘lived’ space. When the Government planned to remove this very first ‘lived’ space in the political and economic heart of the city to conceive further reclamation for the restructuring economy, the more enlightened citizens were determined to defend it.     

法治视角下《城乡规划法》完善思路初探

针对现行《城乡规划法》存在的缺陷,通过对国外城市规划法治经验的借鉴,提出了法治视角下适合我国实际情况的《城乡规划法》完善思路,包括法治规划的社会平衡性、法规间的协同统一,和法之含义的明确界说。     

From cantonments to townships: Lugard’s influence upon British colonial urban governance in Africa

The cantonment has been a neglected topic of planning history, yet is significant for urban landscapes and governance in both India and Africa. Drawing upon scholarship in critical comparative legal geography, path dependency and Foucault’s genealogical method, the article explores the transfer of laws and regulations for urban governance by networks of knowledge and actors, tracing a line of descent from rules for cantonments in British India, through Lugard’s Nigerian period, and his indirect rule policy to townships and local government ordinances. The influence of Lugard’s Political Memoranda and Dual Mandate books is evidenced through the work of various senior officials moving between colonies, specifically South Africa, Kenya, and Northern Rhodesia.     

广州市城市规划信息系统一体化建设

简要介绍了广州市城市规划局自2001年以来在城市规划信息系统一体化建设方面所取得的成就,重点介绍了2003年开展的城域范围内市、区分局信息系统一体化建设的目标、技术及管理解决方案,并预测了城市规划信息一体化建设发展的方向。     

Town planning and socialist realism: new Academic District in Wroclaw (Poland) – unfinished projects from the 1950s

Socialist Realism was the standard method in Polish architectural design and urban planning between 1949 and 1956. This was a special period in Polish history – a time of intensive post-war reconstruction, introduction of a planned economy, and creation of a new political and social order. Socialist Realism was undoubtedly a ‘political style’, a tool for communist propaganda. Yet, in urban planning, apart from its excessive monumentality and axial symmetry, it was mostly dominated by universal models. These stemmed from the requirements to create clear compositional systems, use urban areas rationally, distribute housing, industry and commerce complexes functionally, and to pay attention to proper hygiene. Strong emphasis was also placed on the need to build new ‘centrally located social complexes that would dominate the space’ in historic cities, one of which is discussed in this article. The new Academic District was a visionary concept and attempts were made to bring it to life in Wroclaw – the largest city in the so-called Recovered Territories that became part of Poland after the Second World War. Due to the scale of the development, its estimated cost, and the political changes that took place in Poland in 1956, only a small part of the new district was built.     

全球化、外资与发展中国家城市化——江苏个案研究

1990年以来,随着经济全球化进程的发展,自上而下和自下而上城市化不能完全解释当代城市化现象,外资成为城市化的新动力。首先,外资作为江苏城市化投资主体重要性增强。其次,外资带动工业化、推动江苏开放型经济格局的形成,吸收大量剩余劳动力,促进人口流动。再次,外资企业加快江苏人口迁移、推动农村人口向城市人口的转变;其在开发区的集中及发展,促使土地利用景观的变化,推动城市化飞速发展。最后,本文构建数学模型对江苏新的城市化动力机制进行检验,证明外资通过对江苏经济增长的显著影响加快江苏城市化进程。     

主体建模技术在城市规划中的应用研究评述

研究的核心目的在于阐述城市规划学科应用主体建模技术的必要性,其论述分析过程主要包括4个方面的内容:首先是理论基础研究,剖析城市系统的复杂本质特征以及选择主体建模技术作为模拟复杂系统工具的优势;其次是技术方法简介,介绍主体建模技术的运行机制及其常用的软件平台;接下来是案例研究综述,通过表格的形式来对国内外有关城市规划应用主体建模技术的案例展开对比分析;最后是综合技术评价,分别从优点和缺陷两个不同的角度对主体模型进行解析,为其在未来城市规划学科中的应用发展提供重要的参考建议。     

规划支持系统:一种运用计算机辅助规划的新方法

规划支持系统(PSS)是许多相关国际学术会议和文献中日益热门的话题,但在国内规划界却鲜有提及.笔者综述了规划支持系统的产生渊源、定义、内容和实践.规划支持系统的产生与国外城市规划界两个认识上的重要变化有关.一是对计算机在城市规划中作用的看法变化,二是对城市规划本体的认识,从"为公众规划"到"与公众一起规划"的变化.尽管现在对规划支持系统还没有一个统一的定义,其功能、结构、形式也各不相同,但规划支持系统还是具有一些重要的共同特征.规划支持系统都是用于支持多方参与规划的方式,都是提供一个规划师、决策者、普通公众之间交流沟通的平台.规划支持系统本身并不做出决策,也不直接推荐出最佳方案,只是在各个阶段规划的过程中提供支持.所以,规划支持系统不是一种在城市规划中新的计算机技术,而是一种在城市规划中应用计算机技术的新途径,一种运用计算机辅助规划的新方法.最后,对现阶段在中国城市规划实践中,如何应用规划支持系统提出了展望和建议.     

Claiming participation – a comparative analysis of DIY urbanism in Denmark

The article discuss the conflicts, potentials and possible alliances of do-it-yourself (DIY) urbanism when it takes the form of spontaneous place appropriations, when it is performed as participatory urban design and when it is integrated strategically in planning. DIY urbanism and experimentation with participation are currently strong influential factors in Danish planning. The article explores the use of participatory DIY urban design in two cases: the relocation of beer drinkers in Enghave Square and the Carlsberg City development in Copenhagen, Denmark. Carlsberg City is the most thorough Danish example of how DIY urban design is employed as an investment and planning tool. It discusses the implications of DIY urbanism in terms of how it can be understood in the context of the struggles over ‘the right to the city’, how it applies different activist tactics for the appropriation of space, and how it is integrated in planning and the development logic.     

试论城市设计的编制与实施——从美国经验看我国城市设计实施制度的建立

城市设计如何落实为行动是目前我国在城市设计的理论研究与实践探索上的一个薄弱环节。本文借鉴美国城市设计的实施经验, 就我国城市设计的编制和实施提出了一些粗浅的建议和看法。