Diffusion bonding of Ti-6Al-4V to ZQSn10-10 in vacuum

The experimental investigation of the direct diffusion bonding of Ti-6Al-4V to ZQSn10-10 was carried out in vacuum. The microstructure of bonded joint was studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （ EDS ） and the mechanical properties were detected by the tensile experiments. The microstructure and tensile strength of the joint mainly depend on the bonding temperature and bonding time. A satisfying diffusion bonded interface with a tensile strength of 73.9 MPa can be obtained under the condition of bonding temperature 850℃ for 30 rain. Three kinds of reaction products were observed in the bonded interface, namely β-Ti, CoaTi and CuSn3Ti5. And the brittle Cu3Ti and CuSn3 Ti5 are mainly responsible for lowering the strength of the bonded joint. The diffusion distances of Sn , Cu and Ti and square root of bonding time are approximately linear relationship. And diffusion velocity of Sn, Cu and Ti in the diffusion reaction layer are 0. 013 9,0. 069 7 and 0. 056 4 mm^2/s.     

TC4/Ni/ZQSn10-2-3扩散连接

采用镍箔做中间层,在真空下对TC4和ZQSn10-2-3进行扩散连接.使用扫描电镜对接头的界面组织进行了研究.确定TC4/Ni/ZQSn10-2-3接头的界面结构是TC4/β-Ti/Ti2Ni/TiNi/TiNi31Ni/Cu(Cu,Ni)/ZQSn10-2-3.通过最优工艺试验,确定最佳工艺参数为连接温度830℃,连接压力10 MPa,连接时间30 min.此时接头最大抗剪强度为135 MPa,接头断口为带有一定塑性的结晶状形貌.通过x射线衍射对断口分析认为,断裂位于TC4/Ni界面处的金属间化合物TiNi3层.     

Ti-6Al-4V/Cu/ZQSn10-10扩散连接

采用纯铜（cu）箔作中间过渡层在真空下对钛合金Ti-6Al-4V与锡青铜ZQSn10-10异种材料进行扩散连接。用冷场发射扫描电镜对连接接头进行微观分析,用拉伸试验获得接头强度。结果表明,采用铜箔作中间过渡层,可以防止一些低熔点组元的挥发,并且可以阻止某些元素（Sn、Pb等）向钛合金基体扩散,避免更多金属问化合物的产生,从而提高了接头性能。中间过渡层铜与锡青铜ZQSn10-10之间实现了良好的连接,未形成明显的过渡区;在中间过渡层铜与钛合金Ti-6Al-4V之间形成了较宽的过渡区,并有金属间化合物Cu3Ti2产生,对接头性能影响较大。最佳工艺参数是：连接温度为850℃、连接压力为10～15MPa、连接时间为30min,可获得钛合金与锡青铜的牢固连接,接头强度可达192MPa（达到锡青铜母材基体强度的80％）,且连接试样无明显变形。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V/Ti-22Al-25Nb joint formed by diffusion bonding

Ti-6Al-4V (wt.%) and Ti-22Al-25Nb (at.%) were joined by diffusion bonding at 950 °C and 15 MPa for 100 min, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting joints were investigated. The composition of the diffusion layer is B2/discontinuous α/α₂ layer/necklace-shaped β+α′ layer, where the content of any element at a given point mainly depends on the distance of the point from the interface and the phase type at the point. The tensile strength of the joint is 894 MPa, which is almost the same as that of the Ti-22Al-25Nb base alloy. The fracture surfaces on both sides of the joint are composed of two main regions. One region displays a relatively flat surface and fractures along the bonding interface. The other is composed of a moderate number of irregularly-shaped cavities on the Ti-6Al-4V side and many irregularly-shaped bulges on the Ti-22Al-25Nb side. Both regions result from fracture along the boundaries between β+α′ layers and α_p grains or from the transcrystalline fracture of α_p grains.     

Effect of Hydrogen on Diffusion Bonding Behavior and Mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

研究了置氢Ti-6AL-4V合金在800~860℃温度范围内气压扩散连接行为与机理。在840℃对置氢0.11%(质量分数,下同)的纯钛和Ti-6AL-4V合金进行了扩散连接。应用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子探针显微分析仪(EPMA)研究了氢对扩散连接接头焊合率及元素扩散行为的影响。结果表明:氢能够显著提高扩散连接接头的焊合率(置氢0.11%在840℃的焊合率大于98%);氢含量为0.11%的Ti-6Al-4V合金扩散连接后仍为等轴组织,而高氢含量(0.32%~0.48%H)Ti-6Al-4V合金扩散连接后组织转变为粗大的魏氏组织;氢对扩散连接行为的改善作用主要是由于氢的弱键效应及其对元素扩散系数的提高;相对于未置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金,0.11%的氢能够将Al和V元素的扩散系数提高一个数量级,并使扩散连接温度降低了40℃。     

Ti基钎料真空钎焊Ti-6Al-4V

在温度1223K、时间1－30min钎焊参数条件下，应用Ti基钎料对Ti-6Al-4V进行了真空钎焊。结果表明，接头强度较高，因钎焊温度较低母材基本上保留了原始组织。同时表明Ti-Zr-Cu钎料大幅度增加w(Cu)易造成钎缝中心区域生成连续分布的Ti2Cu TiCu,严重影响接头强度。     

SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V复合材料的断裂韧性

采用三点弯曲法测定了SiC纤维单向增强的Ti-6Al-4V复合材料的表观断裂韧性,讨论了界面反应对断裂韧性的影响.研究结果表明,在裂纹尖端塑性变形区的未断纤维的桥联对复合材料的断裂韧性起很大的作用.经过热处理后,SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V复合材料的断裂韧性降低,主要是由于严重的界面反应,使得SiC纤维受到一定的损伤,因而降低了纤维的承载能力,并使基体钛合金的脆性增大.     

铸造Ti-6Al-4V合金的疲劳性能研究

通过铸造Ti-6Al-4V合金疲劳性能试验,绘制出了铸造Ti-6Al-4V合金在不同应力比下裂纹扩展速率da／dN-△K曲线。根据logda／dN和log△K的拟合曲线方程,计算出Paris公式下材料常数c、n值。经SEM对铸造Ti-6Al-4V疲劳断口进行分析,发现随着应力比R的增大,疲劳条带越宽,裂纹扩展速率越大。     

SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V复合材料界面反应动力学

SiC纤维增强Ti基复合材料（SiCf／Ti）容易发生界面反应，从而影响其力学性能。开展界面反应和动力学的研究，对于SiCdTi复合材料的制备和服役具有指导意义。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射分析了SICf／Ti-6Al—4V复合材料的界面反应及其动力学，发现SiC纤维的C涂层与Ti-6Al—4V反应形成粗晶粒的和细晶粒的TiC，长期高温热处理使得界面反应加剧，TiC层加厚，当C涂层完全消耗后，界面反应层中除了TiC外，还出现了Ti3SiC2。研究表明，界面反应层的加厚受元素扩散控制，服从抛物线规律，求出的动力学参数Q为268．8kJ／mol，k为0．0057m/s1/2。     

激光快速成形Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能

采用实验研究的方法，对激光快速成形Ti-6Al-4V合金的力学性能进行了探讨。结果发现：和锻造件相比，激光快速成形沉积态Ti-6Al-4V合金的拉伸性能具有高强低塑特点和更显著的各向异性；成形试样的组织、氧含量和冶金缺陷都将影响到拉伸性能，其中组织的影响最显著，其次为氧含量和熔合不良缺陷：对于氧含量符合GJBGJB2921-1997标准的激光快速成形Ti-6Al-4V合金，经固溶时效热处理后所获得的网篮组织综合性能最好，不论是强度指标还是塑性指标都高于锻件标准。     

Ti-6Al-4V宽幅薄板叠轧工艺研究

介绍了在3.3 m四辊可逆式轧机上采用β区开坯,经β处理后在α+β区成形轧制,或者在α+β区开坯,在α+β区成形轧制的两种工艺,运用包覆叠轧法研制Ti-6Al-4V合金宽幅薄板的过程.并讨论了轧制方式、变形量等和热处理制度对Ti-6Al-4V宽幅薄板性能和组织的影响.     

大变形热轧Ti-6Al-4V合金棒材力学性能的研究

通过大变形热轧试验,获得了一种新的Ti-6Al-4V合金细晶棒材.与粗品棒材一起分别测试了其拉伸性能和冲击韧度,观察了断口形貌.结果表明:细晶组织Ti-6Al-4V合金棒材具有较高的塑性和冲击韧度,拉伸强度变化不大.断口观察发现其拉伸断口平坦,塑坑较浅,但伸长率与粗晶粒棒材相比反而提高,且属于韧性断裂.     

Infrared heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V with electroplated Cu

The objective of this study is to investigate an innovative infrared (IR) technique to enhance adhesion of electroplated copper (Cu) on Ti-6Al-4V without dichromate dipping. The ultimate goal is to develop a Cu coating process on Ti-6Al-4V without hazardous hexavalent chromium (Cr) solution treatments. Cu coatings of around 50 μm were electroplated on Ti-6Al-4V specimens at a current density of 0.03 A/cm² in an acidic Cu solution. To improve adhesion of coatings, IR heat treatments were performed on the Cu-coated samples at different temperatures and durations: 860 °C for 600 s and 875 °C for 20–120 s. This process was accomplished in an attempt to replace the use of dichromate dipping before electroplating. For samples heat treated at 860 °C, no bonding existed, even after 600 s. It is believed that solid-state diffusion prevailed at 860 °C and that 600 s was not enough for sufficient diffusion to occur. Adhesion was poor when samples were heat treated at 875 °C for 20 s. Excellent adhesion was observed when the heat treatment holding time was increased to 40 s. For 90 s, the surface appearance of coatings partially changed from Cu-colored to a grayish color. There was no Cu left on the surface after a 120 s heat treatment. From optical microscopic observations on sample cross sections, an interlayer between the Cu and Ti-6Al-4V formed when heat treated at 875 °C for 40 s and longer. The interlayer thickness increased as the holding time increased, until depletion of Cu. The sheet resistivity of coated specimens was on the order of pure Cu for samples heat treated at 875 °C and less than 90 s. During the 875 °C heat treatment, the following occurred: solid-state diffusion of Cu in Ti-6Al-4V, formation of eutectic solutions, dissolution of Cu and Ti-6Al-4V into the liquid phase, and the formation of intermetallic compounds. The lowest eutectic temperature of 875 °C played a key role in this innovative process of Cu coating on Ti-6Al-4V. This paper was presented at the 2nd International Surface Engineering Congress sponsored by ASM International, on September 15–17, 2003, in Indianapolis, Indiana and appears on pp. 403–10 of the Proceedings.     

应力状态对Ti-6Al-4V绝热剪切敏感性的影响

采用分离式Hopkinson压杆技术对双态组织和片层组织Ti-6Al-4V进行了圆柱试样和帽形试样的冲击试验,对比了单轴压缩和压剪复合2种不同应力状态下2种组织钛合金的绝热剪切敏感性差异.结果表明:在单轴压缩状态下片层组织的绝热剪切敏感性要高于双态组织,而在压剪复合应力状态下其绝热剪切敏感性要低于双态组织,即应力状态对材料的绝热剪切敏感性影响显著.     

双辉技术渗铌对Ti-6Al-4V合金氧化性能的影响

采用双辉等离子渗金属技术在Ti-6Al-4V表面形成均匀致密连续的渗铌合金层。将未渗铌和渗铌的Ti-6Al-4V试样分别在700℃，800℃，900℃进行100h的高温氧化实验，采用XRD，SEM及EDX对试样在900℃氧化100h后的氧化层的相组成、截面形貌及成分分布进行分析，初步探讨Ti-6Al-4V表面渗铌后的抗氧化性能及氧化机理。结果表明：渗铌后的Ti-6Al-4V合金氧化速率常数降低了1个数量级，氧化激活能提高，抗氧化性能明显改善。     

铸造Ti-6Al-4V钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展特性的研究

按照GB6398-1986试验标准,采用紧凑拉伸试样(CT)测定了铸造Ti-6Al-4V钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN,采用扫描电镜(SEM)等现代技术对断口形貌进行观察,分析了不同应力比(R值)条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展特性。结果表明,应力比R对铸造Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的裂纹扩展速率影响较大,应力比R越大,裂纹扩展速率越大。在裂纹预裂区和快速扩展区的断裂机理主要是以微区解理断裂为主,稳态扩展区主要是以疲劳条带扩展机制为主,同时也存在微区解理断裂机制。     

Ti-6Al-4V高能束焊对接板超塑性研究

通过单向热拉伸试验和超塑自由胀形试验研究了0．8mm厚Ti-6Al-4V激光焊接、真空电子束焊接和等离子弧焊接对接板在925℃的超塑性能。结果表明，激光焊和真空电子束焊对接板均具有良好的超塑性能，且前者略优于后者；等离子弧焊对接板单向拉伸不具有超塑性能，但可以进行超塑胀形。这和它们的输入能量密度有关，能量密度愈高，焊缝的冷却速率愈快，焊缝组织愈细，超塑性能也愈好。最后根据试验结果，采用有限元方法估算了这三种高能束焊接钛合金对接板的应变速率敏感性指数m值。     

激光成形修复Ti-6Al-4V钛合金零件的组织与性能

分析了激光成形修复Ti-6Al-4V合金的组织特点,并考察了退火处理对修复区组织及修复件性能的影响.激光修复件的微观组织由修复基体所具有的等轴α+层状α+β双态组织经热影响区连续转变为晶内分布魏氏α+β的外廷生长的粗大柱状晶组织.激光修复件的静载拉伸性能达到锻件标准.经退火处理后,修复区中α板条有粗化趋势,修复件的综合力学性能得到一定改善,塑性有所提高.经采用退火+喷丸处理,修复件的低周疲劳性能达到与锻件相当.     

Ni+Cu为中间层的TC4与ZQSn10-10的扩散连接试验分析

对钛合金TC4与铜合金ZQSn10-10异种金属扩散连接进行了试验研究.采用Ni Cu中间层时,其最佳工艺参数为连接温度850 ℃,连接时间20 min,连接比压力10 MPa,抗拉强度达到155.8 MPa.在TC4/Ni界面上,形成了成分逐渐变化的互扩散层.经微区成分分析可知,连接温度为800 ℃时,界面主要为Ni3Ti;850 ℃时,界面主要为Ni3Ti及NiTi;880 ℃时,界面主要为NiTi2,Ni3Ti及NiTi.通过EDS和XRD分析,接头强度主要取决于镍钛金属间化合物的种类及厚度.