Cross-weighted moments and affine invariants for image registrationand matching

A framework for deriving a class of new global affine invariants for both object matching and positioning based on a novel concept of cross-weighted moments with fractional weights is presented. The fractional weight factor allows for a more flexible range to balance between the capability to discriminate between objects that differ only in small shape details and the sensitivity of small shape details to the presence of the noise. Moreover, it makes it possible to arrive at low order (zero order) affine invariants that are more robust than those derived from higher order regular moments. The affine transformation parameters are recovered from the zero and the first order cross-weighted moments without requiring any feature point correspondence information. The equations used to find the affine transformation parameters are linear algebraic. The sensitivity of the cross-weighted moment invariants to noise, missing data, and perspective effects is shown on real images     

基于分数阶矩的仿射不变特征提取

仿射不变的特征提取在目标识别和配准中起关键作用, 图像矩是提取仿射不变特征的重要方法, 高阶矩对噪声较敏感, 实际中仅有几个由整数阶矩构造的仿射不变量可用. 本文引入分数阶矩, 它由变形累次积分定义, 不仅充分利用仿射变换映直线为直线这一特性,而且能方便地消除仿射变换前后极角因子的影响. 利用分数阶矩给出了仿射不变量的构造, 传统矩构造的不变量仅是这种构造的特例. 实验结果表明低次矩构造的不变量一般有较好的抗噪性能.     

基于不变矩的高分辨率遥感图像建筑物提取方法

为了有效地对图像进行特征提取, 利用不变矩算法对IKONOS和WorldView两种高分辨率遥感图像的城市建筑物地区进行提取。首先将图像数据经过Canny边缘检测和标记分水岭分割, 然后在此基础上分别利用胡氏不变矩和仿射不变矩对图像进行特征提取; 最后通过实验结果的评价可以证明在建筑物的特征提取上, 仿射不变矩比胡氏不变矩的提取效果更加显著, 进而也证明了利用不变矩算法对高分辨率遥感图像建筑物特征提取这一方法是可行且有效的。     

Implicit Moment Invariants

The use of traditional moment invariants in object recognition is limited to simple geometric transforms, such as rotation, scaling and affine transformation of the image. This paper introduces so-called implicit moment invariants. Implicit invariants measure the similarity between two images factorized by admissible image deformations. For many types of image deformations traditional invariants do not exist but implicit invariants can be used as features for object recognition. In the paper we present implicit moment invariants with respect to polynomial transform of spatial coordinates, describe their stable and efficient implementation by means of orthogonal moments, and demonstrate their performance in artificial as well as real experiments.     

Recognition of Symmetrical Images Using Affine Moment Invariants in both Frequency and Spatial Domains

: In this paper, a new set of affine moment invariants is proposed in the frequency domain. By thresholding the magnitude of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of affine transformation-related images, new images which are also related by affine transformation are constructed. Then some affine invariant features in the frequency domain are obtained from the reconstructed images. Experimental results are given to show that the new affine invariants are less sensitive to noise and the recognition rate is increased when using both the available spatial domain and the proposed frequency domain affine moment invariants. Received: 10 October 2000, Received in revised form: 25 July 2001, Accepted: 25 July 2001     

基于小波变换的局部形状匹配

为解决仿射变换下的局部形状匹配问题,提出了一种新的基于小波描述子的局部形状匹配方法。算法首先基于分割点将轮廓曲线分段,为了更精确地描述每段子曲线,定义一种新的特征点--等面积分割点,并在子曲线上提取,基于该特征点构造一种新的具有局部特征的小波描述子。新定义的等面积分割点有比一般的特征点（角点、拐点、切点）更精确描述曲线的特性,能解决轮廓曲线平滑特征点少而不能被精确描述的问题;定义的等面积分割点和提取的小波描述子都具有仿射不变性,且均为局部描述符,因而该方法适合于仿射变换且在轮廓局部遮挡和缺失的情况下仍然有效。理论分析和实验结果都证明了该算法的有效性。     

改进的基于凸壳仿射不变量的图像识别和配准算法

提出了一种新的基于凸壳和仿射不变量的图像识别和配准的方法。该方法利用从参考图和测试图中得到的特征点提取其凸壳,并计算凸壳的仿射不变特征向量。通过比较参考图和测试图特征向量的一致性,建立它们的仿射变换关系,最后利用凸壳内特征点的匹配来实现识别和配准。该方法的优点是即使目标物体被部分覆盖或者缺损,其图像也能够达到较好的识别和配准效果。     

Determination of blur and affine combined invariants by normalization

The determination of invariant characteristics is an important problem in pattern recognition. In many situations, images to be processed are usually subjected to geometric distortion and/or blur degradation. In this paper, we introduce an approach to derive blur and affine combined invariants (BAI). Firstly, we normalize the image to a standard form by using blur invariant moments as normalization constraints. Then, we construct the blur and affine combined invariants at the standard form. Using the method proposed in this paper, a set of blur and affine combined invariant features can be obtained easily and effectively. Several experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the invariants for simultaneously affine deformed and blur degraded images.     

基于仿射不变性的轮廓曲线局部描述符

特征点(角点、拐点、切点)只反映轮廓曲线的部分信息,为更精确地描述曲线,定义和提取一种特征点——弦高点,基于该特征点构造一种曲线局部描述符,并将其用于曲线匹配。定义的弦高点比现有的特征点更精确描述曲线的特性,能解决轮廓曲线平滑特征点少而不能被精确描述的问题。文中定义的弦高点和构造的识别向量都具有仿射不变性,且均为局部描述符,因而文中方法适合于仿射变换且在遮挡的情况下仍有效。理论分析和实验结果都证明该方法的有效性。     

基于不变矩的人形"头肩像"识别技术

针对实时监控识别人形的要求,提出了一种基于矩不变量的分级识别人形“头肩像”技术。首先从视频帧序列中,采用差分的方法分割出活动目标,对活动目标进行预处理后,根据活动目标轮廓的最小外接矩形宽高比,所定义的轮廓描述符和仿射不变矩,依据所选择的分级差别策略,由实验得出的经验数值,判断运动动目标是人形“头肩像”“正面”还是“侧面”。实验结果表明本方法具有快速,适应性强的特点。     

基于几何不变量的图像特征识别

图像的特征识别是图像处理和识别中的一个重要问题，几何不变量作为特征的特征值在很多领域已经得到了广泛的应用。实际中，普遍采用在仿射变换及射影变换下保持不变的仿射、射影不变量作为特征值。本文根据具体图像的特点，利用4类仿射和射影不变量构成特征的特征值空间，依据4步识别策略来识别图像中的特征点，从而完成识别任务。实验表明，这4类不变量能够较好地识别出实际图像中的特征。     

An automatic method for generating affine moment invariants

Affine moment invariants are important if one wants to recognize the surface of a plane in three dimensions when the orientation of the plane is not known beforehand and only two-dimensional information is available. The notion of generating function is introduced as a simple and straightforward way to derive various affine invariants. By this notion, we can get the explicit construction of much more affine moment invariants. Based on this conclusion, a large set of invariant polynomials can be generated automatically and immediately by the algorithm we have designed. These new affine moment invariants can be applied to recognize the image. Approaches in this paper will improve the practicability of affine invariants in object recognition applications.     

基于Hausdorff距离图象配准方法研究

图象配准是图象融合的一个重要步骤，为此提出了一种自动图象配准算法，该算法从两幅待配准的图象中分别抽取特征点，然后选用Hausdorff距离对两特征点集进行匹配，得到点集间的仿射变换，从而实现图象的自动配准，此算法以特征点而不是物体边缘计算仿射变换，大大降低了计算Hausdorff距离的运算量；同时，基于Hausdorff距离的图象匹配只需要点集之间的对应，而无须点与点的对应，因而可以使用于存在较大物体形变的情况，即完成两幅差异较大图象的配准，实验结果证明了算法的有效性。     

基于SIFT算法的数字图像大变形测量技术研究

提出了一种基于尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）算法的大变形测量方法。该方法首先精确地提取出变形前后两幅图像的SIFT特征点,然后生成每个SIFT点的特征描述子,并利用该描述子对SIFT点进行匹配,得到这两幅图像特征点对应的坐标,最后使用仿射变换求出全场位移和应变参数。将该方法运用到模拟散斑图像中,并与基于差分进化算法的DIC方法进行对比。实验结果表明,所提算法不仅能够克服传统方法在转角大于7°容易失效的问题,还可以以较高的精度和效率计算出形变参数。     

光照鲁棒的抗模糊新组合不变矩图像匹配方法

基于特征的传统图像匹配方法对环境光照变化和模糊噪声适应性较差,针对该问题文中提出了一种新组合不变矩。在Hu不变矩的基础上,重新组合构造出三个新组合不变矩并将其应用到图像匹配中。实验结果表明,这种新组合不变矩具有很好的光照鲁棒性和模糊不变性,能够有效地解决受光照变化和模糊噪声共同影响造成的匹配率下降问题;在保证高精度的前提下,匹配效率大大提高。该不变矩作为图像特征的描述形式进行图像匹配是有效可行的,具有良好的参考价值。     

结合轮廓与形状特征的仿射形状匹配

目的 针对仿射变换下形状匹配中存在的描述子对形状的描述能力不足,以及描述子计算耗时大的问题,改进基于所有图像点投影的方法,提出一种利用轮廓计算投影面积的仿射形状匹配算法。方法 该算法分为粗匹配和精匹配两个阶段。粗匹配阶段以CSS角点作为备选特征点,首先统计轮廓投影面积分布作为特征点描述子;然后利用动态规划蚁群算法匹配两幅图片公共特征点序列,并将匹配好的特征点序列记为对应的新特征点;最后采用该新特征点划分目标曲线,得到对应的轮廓曲线;这一阶段的目的是对形状的筛选以及寻找一致的轮廓特征点,同时完成轮廓曲线的划分。精匹配阶段,采用小波仿射不变描述子,对粗匹配阶段匹配代价最小的5%的目标进行对应曲线匹配,得到精匹配阶段的匹配代价,从而实现对仿射目标的识别;精匹配弥补了描述子对轮廓细节描述不足的问题。结果 算法的平均检索速度比传统基于形状投影分布描述子提高44.3%,在MPEG-7图像库上的检索效果为98.65%,在MPEG-7仿射图像库上的查准率与查全率综合评价指标比传统的基于形状投影分布描述子高3.1%,比形状上下文高25%。结论 本文算法匹配效果好,效率高,抗噪性强,解决了仿射描述子计算速度慢、描述能力不足的问题,能有效地应用于仿射形状匹配与检索领域。     

Affine moment invariants generated by graph method

The paper presents a general method of an automatic deriving affine moment invariants of any weights and orders. The method is based on representation of the invariants by graphs. We propose an algorithm for eliminating reducible and dependent invariants. This method represents a systematic approach to the generation of all relevant moment features for recognition of affinely distorted objects. We also show the difference between pseudoinvariants and true invariants.