酱油中氨基甲酸乙酯形成机制、检测技术及控制研究进展

氨基甲酸乙酯是一种无色无臭的结晶体,且广泛存在于发酵食品中的水溶性“2A”级致癌物。该文阐述了氨基甲酸乙酯的致癌机理与形成机制,针对酱油中氨基甲酸乙酯的检测技术及控制措施的研究进展等方面进行综述,同时对其检测手段及减除技术的发展进行展望,以期为氨基甲酸乙酯在酱油制品中的深度研究提供参考。     

白酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的研究进展

氨基甲酸乙酯是一种能对试验动物造成多位点致癌,并且对人类具有潜在致癌性的物质,是发酵酒精饮料酿造过程中的副产物。对氨基甲酸乙酯的形成途径、分析方法进行了系统概述,针对白酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的蒸馏特性、抑制策略进行分析,并对未来白酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的相关研究进行了展望,以期为我国尽快建立国家限定标准提供参考。     

发酵食品中氨基甲酸乙酯的研究进展

目的 对发酵食品中氨基甲酸乙酯的研究进展进行综述。方法 查阅有关氨基甲酸乙酯致癌机理、形成机理、含量降低方法以及检测方法的文献, 进行总结。结果 氨基甲酸乙酯具有遗传毒性和致癌性, 在发酵食品中较为常见, 氨基甲酸乙酯的形成受多种因素的影响, 其检测方法主要有红外光谱法、色谱法、色谱/质谱联用法。 结论 应建立对各种发酵食品氨基甲酸乙酯含量的标准检测方法及限量标准, 为我国发酵食品中氨基甲酸乙酯限量标准的制定和确保我国发酵食品的安全性提供科学依据。     

谨防黄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的危害

重点阐述了氨基甲酸乙酯的形成、致癌机理及其生产中控制，为酿酒业(尤其是黄酒工业)提供了重要的理论依据。     

氨基甲酸乙酯的研究进展

对氨基甲酸乙酯的危害、形成机制、分析和消除方法进行了综述,应加强对氨基甲酸乙酯这种致癌物质的认识,引起社会的关注。倡导建立氨基甲酸乙酯的限量标准。     

葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的形成机理及影响因素

氨基甲酸乙酯是一种基因致癌物,在葡萄酒中主要由酵母降解精氨酸产生的尿素和苹果酸-乳酸菌降解精氨酸产生的瓜氨酸与乙醇自发反应产生。主要对葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的形成机制及其影响因素进行了综述,为探讨降低葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的措施提供理论依据。     

黄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯形成、控制及检测方法的研究进展

氨基甲酸乙酯(EC)是一种存在于黄酒中的基因致癌物。本文就EC的形成途径及致癌机理方面进行了概述,重点阐述了黄酒酿造生产中EC的控制措施,并就常用的检测方法进行了比较分析,同时对未来研究方向做了展望,旨在为我国的黄酒生产技术提供理论参考。      

葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的研究进展

氨基甲酸乙酯是一种广泛存在于葡萄酒等发酵食品中的致癌物质,具有致突变性、多位点致癌性以及免疫抑制性和心率抑制性。本文对葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的危害、国际限量标准、质量浓度变化、形成机制、影响因素及调控消除手段进行了系统综述,以期为提高我国葡萄酒安全性提供科学依据。     

白酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的研究进展

氨基甲酸乙酯是一种具有致突变性、免疫抑制性及心率抑制性的2A类致癌物质,广泛存在于酿造酒等发酵产品中,对人体会产生严重的危害.本文对白酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的形成机制、国际标准、检测方法、影响因素及控制手段进行了系统综述,旨在为提高我国白酒产业的安全性提供理论依据.     

葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的形成机理及检测方法

本文对葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的形成机理、检测方法以及氨基甲酸乙酯的消除方式进行了综述。由于发酵食品中氨基甲酸乙酯会给人体带来长期的危害,所以有必要尽快建立氨基甲酸乙酯含量的测定方法和限量标准。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the