分子自组装体系的影响因素及其在纳米材料中的应用

介绍了分子自组装体系的影响因素以及分子自组装技术在纳米材料制备方面的应用,并对聚合物自组装体系及研究进展作了综述.     

有机-无机杂化一维磁性自组装聚合物纳米链的研究进展

随着纳米科技的发展,有机-无机杂化一维磁性自组装聚合物纳米链的设计合成与应用成为新的研究热点。综述了有机-无机杂化一维磁性自组装聚合物纳米链的磁场诱导自组装、模板诱导自组装和偶极诱导自组装等制备方法,并介绍了其在光学、生物医学和水处理等领域的应用。最后指出有机-无机杂化一维磁性自组装聚合物纳米材料制备技术存在的不足,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

纳米材料形貌和性能调控的仿生自组装研究进展

纳米材料在纳米尺度展现出的特殊性质, 相较于宏观尺度材料表现出众多优异特性, 在力学、声学、光学、磁学、电学、热学等各种领域具有良好的应用前景。纳米材料的仿生自组装技术模拟活体生命活动, 使纳米材料基于非共价键的相互作用, 自发形成稳定结构, 现已成为制备纳米材料的主要方法之一。仿生自组装技术是“自上而下”方法中的重要技术手段, 这种合成方式有望代替传统的“自上而下”加工技术, 实现单个原子或分子在纳米尺度上构造特定结构和功能的器件。另外, 仿生自组装技术虽然以化学过程为主, 但又有物理过程, 并且结合了“仿生学”的优点, 具有定向构造纳米材料的特点, 是众多交叉学科的热门研究手段。本文重点介绍了纳米材料在形貌和性能调控中不同的仿生自组装合成策略, 包括屏蔽效应的位相选择自组装、双相界面协同效应的仿生自组装、场诱导定位效应的功能器件一体化制备、光诱导自组装以及羟基氢键驱动的分相自组装, 总结了仿生自组装纳米材料的特性, 归纳了自组装技术在传感器、表面拉曼散射、生物医疗等领域的应用, 并对纳米材料仿生自组装技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

分子自组装技术的研究进展

综述了分子自组装技术的特点及研究现状,展望了分子自组装技术在生物医学、物理化学、纳米材料等方面的应用前景.     

肽自组装纳米材料的研究进展

近年来,多肽分子自组装作为合成一系列新型纳米材料的有效途径受到了广泛关注和研究.通过分子自组装,多肽分子可结合成具有不同功能的蛋白质分子,从而可进一步设计成具有特殊结构和功能的纳米材料,在仿生医学、组织工程、药物缓释及生物材料表面工程等方面有着巨大的应用潜力.本文主要综述了肽自组装纳米材料的研究现状与制备方法.     

聚合物一维纳米材料的研究进展

综述了聚合物纳米线和纳米管等聚合物一维纳米材料的制备方法、机理和应用。聚合物纳米线的制备方法主要有静电纺丝法、多孔模板法、自组装法三种。聚合物纳米管的制备包括多孔模板法、线模板法、自组装法等方法。本文评述了其研究现状,展望了其可能的应用前景。     

纳米材料制备研究的若干新进展

综述了纳米材料领域在纳米金属（或合金）粉末、纳米管和纳米纤维（纳米棒）、纳米材料的自组装、纳米半导体材料以及纳米复合材料等制备方面的最新进展,并对一些新方法相对于一般纳米材料制备方法的优点进行了比较．     

自组装技术在特殊形貌无机纳米材料制备中的作用

目前无机纳米材料的研究主要集中于低维无机纳米材料的制备,如纳米颗粒、纳米纤维等,其制备方法已相当成熟,而对高维特殊形貌无机纳米材料的研究相对较少。近年来,具有特殊形貌的高维无机纳米材料因独特的结构和表面性质在催化、太阳能电池、传感器、微波吸收、医学等领域展现出优于低维纳米材料的性能,但制备出的材料种类少,形貌不均一,可控性较差。因此,研究者们致力于特殊形貌无机纳米材料生长机理的研究,为材料制备提供有效的理论依据。制备无机纳米材料的方法有微乳液法、溶胶-凝胶法、电化学法、水/溶剂热法等。其中水/溶剂热法制备的无机纳米材料具有晶粒发育完整、粒度分布均匀、颗粒之间少团聚、原料价格较便宜的优点,因此被广泛应用于特殊形貌无机纳米材料的制备。自组装技术作为超分子领域的新概念,在制备特殊形貌的材料中发挥着重要作用,其主要作用是将低维的纳米结构单元通过氢键、范德华力、静电力等非共价键作用力进行连接而组装成各种复杂的层级结构。现已通过自组装技术合成了片状、棒状、花状、海绵状、树枝状等特殊形貌无机纳米材料。其中片状材料的生长过程如下:第一步是纳米颗粒的奥斯特瓦尔德熟化过程,第二步是熟化的纳米颗粒定向附着自组装成片状材料。棒状材料的生长过程出现了两种情况,第一种与片状形成过程相同,第二种则是先形成片状,然后片状发生卷曲形成棒状材料,棒状材料再定向附着自组装成长径比不同的棒状材料。花状、海绵状、树枝状等复杂形貌的形成则是基于片状或棒状材料,通过氢键自组装而成。自组装过程会受到表面活性剂或模板剂、溶剂、沉淀剂、酸碱度等因素的影响。研究者们发现利用水热法制备纳米材料时,引入合适的表面活性剂或模板剂,能够促使低维纳米结构单元进行有序自组装而形成结晶度好、尺寸均匀的特殊形貌纳米材料。通过改变表面活性剂或模板剂、溶剂、沉淀剂的种类和剂量及酸碱度等因素,影响纳米颗粒的生长方向、生长速率及颗粒之间的作用力,进而控制产品的形貌和尺寸。本文对近年来国内外利用自组装技术制备特殊形貌无机纳米材料的研究成果进行了介绍,分析讨论了自组装过程的影响因素,并对自组装制备特殊形貌无机纳米材料的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望,以期为制备性能优越的特殊形貌纳米材料提供参考。     

无机-有机杂化纳米材料的控制合成与结构组装研究进展

综述了有机-无机杂化纳米材料的性能特点、制备方法、结构组装、应用前景以及最新的发展趋势,重点介绍了无机-有机杂化纳米材料的结构组装原理、特点.溶胶-凝胶法、插层法、纳米微粒填充法和原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)是杂化材料4种最主要的控制合成方法.与溶胶-凝胶法、插层法、纳米微粒填充法和ATRP等方法相比,自组装法合成无机-有机杂化纳米材料更便于精确调控纳米材料的结构和形态.     

自组装制备功能磁性纳米材料研究进展

利用分子自组装技术制备的功能磁性纳米材料在生物医学、生物传感器、工业催化和电磁导体等方面的研究进展及应用前景.     

模板效应及其在材料制备中的应用

本文对模板效应进行了介绍 ,并综述了其在制备环状化合物、纳米材料、介孔材料等诸多方面的应用 ,并指出了模板效应在材料制备领域的发展方向     

微乳液及其制备纳米材料的研究

本文综述了目前存在的微乳液的制备方法、微观结构模型和形成理论 ,以及它在制备纳米粒子及纳米粒子 -聚合物复合材料方面的研究进展。对微乳液制备纳米材料的实施方法、影响因素及控制机理进行了归纳总结。     

Preparation and characterization of rare-earth bulks with controllable nanostructures

The preparation and characterization of pure rare-earth-metal bulks with controllable nanostructures are reported in this paper. A novel 'oxygen-free' in?situ synthesis technique that combines inert-gas condensation with spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology is proposed. Taking into account the special mechanisms of SPS consolidation and the scale effects of nanoparticles, we introduced practical procedures for preparing rare-earth bulks of amorphous, mixed amorphous and nanocrystals, and nanocrystalline microstructures, respectively. Compared with the conventional polycrystalline bulk, these nanostructured bulks exhibit substantially improved physical and mechanical properties. This technique enables comprehensive studies on the microstructures and properties of a large variety of nanostructured metallic materials that are highly reactive in the air.     

A biomimetic hierarchical scaffold: natural growth of nanotitanates on three-dimensional microporous Ti-based metals

Nanophase materials are promising alternative implant materials in tissue engineering. Here we report for the first time the large-scale direct growth of nanostructured bioactive titanates on three-dimensional (3D) microporous Ti-based metal (NiTi and Ti) scaffolds via a facile low temperature hydrothermal treatment. The nanostructured titanates show characteristics of 1D nanobelts/nanowires on a nanoskeleton layer. Besides resembling cancelous bone structure on the micro/macroscale, the 1D nanostructured titanate on the exposed surface is similar to the lowest level of hierarchical organization of collagen and hydroxyapatite. The resulting surface displays superhydrophilicity and favors deposition of hydroxyapatite and accelerates cell attachment and proliferation. The remarkable simplicity of this process makes it widely accessible as an enabling technique for applications from engineering materials treatment including energy-absorption materials and pollution-treatment materials to biotechnology.     

Synthesis of CoSb3 by a modified polyol process

Thermoelectric (TE) materials are attracting renewed interest for clean energy conversion. Potentially high figure-of-merit (ZT) is achievable through the approach of preparing nanostructured TE materials. In this work, CoSb₃ nanoparticles were fabricated via a modified polyol process. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the synthesized products. The results showed that high purity CoSb₃ nanoparticles could be prepared at a temperature as low as 180 °C. It was also found that the phase composition of the final products is highly dependent on reaction temperature and duration.     

Recent advances and remaining challenges of nanostructured materials for hydrogen storage applications

The rapid and extensive development of advanced nanostructures and nanotechnologies has driven a correspondingly rapid growth of research that presents enormous potential for fulfilling the practical requirements of solid state hydrogen storage applications. This article reviews the most recent progress in the development of nanostructured materials for hydrogen storage technology, demonstrating that nanostructures provide a pronounced benefit to applications involving molecular hydrogen storage, chemical hydrogen storage, and as supports for the nanoconfinement of various hydrides. To further optimize hydrogen storage performance, we emphasize the desirability of exploring and developing nanoporous materials with ultrahigh surface areas and the advantageous incorporation of metals and functionalities, nanostructured hydrides with excellent mechanic stabilities and rigid main construction, and nanostructured supports comprised of lightweight components and enhanced hydride loading capacities. In addition to highlighting the conspicuous advantages of nanostructured materials in the field of hydrogen storage, we also discuss the remaining challenges and the directions of emerging research for these materials.     

氧化钒作锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

V_2O_5具有独特的层状结构,适合于锂离子的存储,与传统的锰酸锂、钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂等正极材料相比,具有高的理论比容量、功率密度以及价格低廉、原材料丰富等优势,在作为锂离子电池正极材料方面备受关注。但V_2O_5低的固有电导率及锂离子扩散系数,导致其容量保持率低和倍率性能差;此外,充放电过程中反复的相变会引起结构的不稳定,而且氧化钒会部分溶于电解液,因此表现出差的循环性能。正是由于这些制约因素的存在,对V_2O_5的固有缺陷进行改性研究以提高氧化钒正极材料的电化学性能成为重要的研究热点。将氧化钒进行纳米化以增大比表面积和缩短离子扩散距离,同时通过复合、掺杂改性等方法提高材料的导电性和循环稳定性,从而使V_2O_5正极材料表现出优异的电化学性能成为可能。文章从氧化钒电极材料纳米化,在纳米化的基础上复合导电材料,调节工作电压窗口,掺杂金属离子这四类方法阐述对氧化钒电化学性能的改善,以及各种方法对电极电化学性能的影响。     

Nanotopography: cellular responses to nanostructured materials

Several in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that nanostructured materials, which mimic the nanometer topography of the native tissues, improve biocompatible responses, and result in better tissue integration in medical implants. Understanding various aspects of nanotopography is extremely important for better designs of these devices. In this review paper, recent progress in the fabrication, characterization, biological responses, and application of nanostructured materials are discussed. Specifically, materials such as ceramics and polymers used to manufacture nanostructured surfaces are briefly introduced. Techniques for fabrication and characterization of nanostructured materials are also explored. Cellular responses such as morphology, alignment, adhesion, proliferation, and profiles of gene expression of various cell types after their exposure to nanofeatured materials are particularly reviewed. Finally, the paper briefly discusses some application of nanostructured materials including those in biosensor and tissue engineering fields.     

纳米WC硬质合金制备新工艺

文章综述了制备纳米WC、WC Co粉体的几种方法。着重阐述了纳米WC Co硬质合金的烧结新工艺 :微波烧结、二阶段烧结、快速热等静压烧结和等离子体活化烧结等。与传统烧结方法相比 ,使用这些烧结新工艺制备的产品性能更优异 ,有很大的发展前景。     

Electrodeposition of nanostructured coatings and their characterization—A review

Nanostructured materials have gained importance in recent years due to their significantly enhanced properties. In particular, electrochemistry has a special role in producing a variety of nanostructured materials. In the current review, we discuss the superiority of electrochemical deposition techniques in synthesizing various nanomaterials that exhibit improved characteristics compared with materials produced by conventional techniques, as well as their classification, synthesis routes, properties and applications. The superior properties of a nanostructured nickel coating produced by electrochemical deposition are outlined. The properties of various nanostructured coating materials produced by electrochemical techniques are also described. Finally, the importance of nanostructured coatings in industrial applications as well as their potential in future technologies is emphasized.