基于小波变换及HHT的轴承故障诊断应用研究

为研究滚动轴承故障问题,将小波变换及HHT(Hilbert-Huang变换)相结合的分析方法,应用于强噪声背景下轴承信号故障的提取.首先将轴承故障信号利用小波变换进行降噪处理,然后应用HHT得到希尔伯特边际谱,从中提取故障特征信息.为准确诊断故障,将方法应用于分析采集的分别具有外圈和内圈损伤的滚动轴承振动信号,并与直接运用HHT分析作比较.结果表明,方法降低了噪声对HHT对振动故障信号分析的干扰,能够更有效的提取轴承故障特征信息,提高轴承故障诊断率.     

小波消噪和ICA在语音信号分离中的应用

为了消除语音信号分离中仍存在的部分混叠声音,提出一种基于小波消噪和独立分量分析（ICA）结合的信号分离方法。该方法将小波变换和独立分量分析结合,利用小波变换的去噪作用,滤除原始语音信号中的噪声后作为ICA的输入信号,采用FastICA算法在小波域进行独立分量分析,对输入信号实施分离。实验结果表明,该方法大大调高了传统独立分量分析对语音信号的分离效果。     

采用小波变换和盲源分离的电机轴承故障诊断

针对地铁车辆转向架牵引电机轴承故障,提出一种结合小波变换和盲源分离的轴承故障识别方法.首先从原始信号频谱中判断轴承高频共振信号的大致频带范围以确定小波分解层数;其次利用小波分解提取轴承高频共振信号成分;然后利用盲源分离方法从小波分解后的重构高频信号中分离故障特征信号;最后对故障特征信号进行Hilbert解调并通过包络谱分析提取故障特征频率.对上海地铁某型地铁车辆转向架牵引电机进行试验,试验结果证明该方法能清晰、准确地识别轴承故障特征.     

基于小波变换的噪声检测快速独立分量分析

机械或电气设备工作噪声的测试分析是实时故障检测诊断的重要手段,通常情况下,传感器检测得到的信号是多个噪声源叠加的结果,可采用独立分量分析(ICA)方法分离出待检测对象信号.提出先对混合信号小波系数序列进行独立分量分析,再做小波逆变换得到分离信号.与直接的ICA比较,小波系数比原始信号的超高斯性更强,因此分离处理的收敛速度更快,分离效果更好;由于在小波变换的过程中可以引入阈值去噪,因此基于小波变换得到的分离结果较之常规方法有更强的抗噪能力.     

基于HHT变换的起动电动机特征信号时频分析

针对车辆起动电动机电气和机械故障发生时特征信号的时变不平稳特性,进行了时频域分析处理,提出了利用现代信号处理方法对故障信号提取特征向量的方法,主要对起动电动机的电枢和轴承故障进行诊断。在构建电机故障测试实验平台的基础上,利用破坏性实验构造了故障类型,测取了电枢电流和振动信号,分别采用小波分析理论和HHT变换对信号进行分析,通过分解再重构的方式将信号分解成了频率由高到低的不同分量,并获得了故障的特征频率,提取了特征向量。实验结果表明,基于HHT变换的现代信号处理方法在处理时变非平稳信号方面比小波分析理论更具有自适应性,更易识别。     

结合小波包和ICA的脑电信号特征波提取方法

为了更有效地提取脑电信号特征波,结合小波包和ICA（独立分量分析）,提出了一种脑电特征波提取方法。首先对脑电信号进行小波包分解,然后进行相关频段信号的重构,从而提取出特征波的概貌作为初次提取的特征波;再利用ICA分离技术,以初次提取的特征波为参考信号对其进行增强。实验结果表明,对比于独立地应用某一种方法,两种方法相结合更能有效地提取脑电信号特征波。     

基于有理双树复小波和SVM的滚动轴承故诊断方法

滚动轴承故障类型被支持向量机(SVM)智能识别的关键是故障特征的提取。为了提取最优的故障特征,提高SVM的分类识别精度,提出了基于有理双树复小波和SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先通过双树复小波包变换将非平稳的振动信号分解得到不同频带的分量,然后对每个分量求能量并作归一化处理,最后将从各个频带分量中提取的能量特征参数作为支持向量机的输入来识别滚动轴承的故障类型。研究结果表明该方法可以有效、准确地识别轴承的故障模式。     

基于WP-ICA及SVM的齿轮故障诊断研究

针对旋转机械设备齿轮故障诊断问题,为全面提取反映齿轮运行状态的特征信息,提出了基于WP(小波包)与ICA(独立成分分析)相融合的特征提取及SVM(支持向量机)相适配的故障诊断方法。用小波包对信号进行分析并提取其能量特征,采用独立成分分析方法对提取的能量特征进一步优化,进而得到反映齿轮运行状态的特征向量。最后采用支持向量机对齿轮运行状态的四种类型(正常、轻微故障、中等故障、断齿故障)进行诊断评估。通过纵向比较和横向比较研究表明,所提特征提取方法较单一的小波包特征提取方法更能全面反映齿轮状态信息。采用SVM方法进行齿轮故障模式诊断,较其它方法具有更高的分类准确率,达到了很好的诊断效果。     

基于小波和神经网络的异步电机转子故障诊断方法研究

基于小波包变换的频率划分特性．对定子电流的Park矢量模信号进行小波包分解，建立了转子断条的故障特征矢量，准确地提取了转子断条故障的特征信息．克服了传统基于FFT分析方法难以提取故障特征频率分量的难点，结合BP神经网络非线性映射及分类识别的优点，将BP神经网络应用于电机转子断务故障的识别，实验结果表明，该方法可实现转子断条故障的可靠诊断。     

基于大数据分析的轴承退卸工装智能化研究

为了提升轴承退卸工装工艺可靠性，设计大数据分析的轴承退卸工装智能化分析方法。采集轴承运行信号，采用多层小波分解对轴承运行信号进行处理，从处理后轴承运行信号中提取轴承故障特征，然后采用支持向量机根据轴承故障特征进行故障诊断，最后利用轴承故障诊断结果保障轴承退卸工装顺利进行。实验结果表明，该方法的诊断轴承故障精度高，数据传输速率快，可以满足轴承退卸工装智能化管理要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.