温度对甲壳素/明胶复合膜的影响

用明胶为原料（基体）,以甘油作为增塑剂,甲壳素作为增强相,制备一系列不同含量的甲壳素/明胶复合膜。在5、20、35（±1） ℃环境之中,测试其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过系数（WVP）、水溶性和失水率,探究温度对甲壳素/明胶复合膜的影响。结果表明,温度对复合膜的性能影响较大,35 ℃时拉伸强度为77.34~44.44 MPa,但断裂伸长率较低（13.35 %~2.75 %）,5 ℃时拉伸强度为6.06~4.75 MPa,断裂伸长率为111.4 %~64.2 %,低温时断裂伸长率较大,但拉伸强度较小,高温则相反;WVP随温度的升高而逐渐增加;水溶性随温度的升高而逐渐增大;甲壳素含量越大,复合膜内的水分子含量越少。     

聚丙烯/水溶性聚酯二元共混物及其纤维的性能研究

研究了聚丙烯 / 水溶性聚酯二元共混物的流动性、结晶性,考察了共混纤维的亲水性。结果表明:聚丙烯 / 水溶性聚酯共混物的流动行为与聚丙烯相似,为典型的假塑性流动,在低剪切速率区,共混物有更好的流动性;共混物的结晶度在水溶性聚酯含量为 9% 时,有最小值;共混纤维的回潮率随水溶性聚酯含量增加而增大;保水率在水溶性聚酯含量为 9% 时有最大值。     

退火工艺对PVA/PEDOT:PSS共混纤维性能的影响

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)的水溶液与聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩:聚对苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS)水分散液共混,以甲醇作为凝固浴,通过湿法纺丝制得PVA/PEDOT:PSS共混导电纤维。通过改变湿法纺丝后处理过程中的退火工艺,探究不同的退火工艺对PVA/PEDOT:PSS共混导电纤维性能的影响。通过红外光谱分析仪、高阻计、电子单纤维强力仪和扫描电子显微镜对共混纤维的结构与性能进行测试表征。结果表明,随着退火温度的增加及退火时间的延长,PVA/PEDOT:PSS共混导电纤维的电导率均呈现出增加的趋势;单纤维拉伸强度逐渐增加,拉伸断裂伸长率逐渐减小;纤维表面粗糙度增大,沟槽数量增多。     

水溶性Kevlar纳米纤维对丁苯橡胶/羧基丁腈橡胶共混物的增容及补强效果（英文）

研究了水溶性Kevlar纳米纤维(m-KNFs)对丁苯橡胶/羧基丁腈橡胶共混物相容性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,m-KNFs可有效地改善共混硫化胶的相容性;当m-KNFs用量为0.3份时,共混硫化胶的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、100%定伸应力以及撕裂强度分别提高了87.2%,17.2%,13.2%,142.6%。     

PTT/PBT共混纤维的性能研究

利用聚对苯二甲酸-1,3-丙二酯(PTT)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)良好的相容性,开发了PTT/ PBT共混纤维。通过对共混纤维的力学、回弹及染色等性能测试发现,PTT组分的存在明显改善了共混纤维的拉伸性能,而共混纤维的强度相对纯组分纤维略差;当PTT质量分数达到50%后,共混纤维的回弹性优于纯PBT纤维,且在相同拉伸倍数下,PTT的存在降低了共混纤维的沸水收缩率;共混纤维在常压下用分散蓝染色的上染率比纯组分纤维高,当PTT/PBT质量比为50/50时,上染率最高。     

PET/EVA共混纤维的制备及其性能研究

将PET/EVA共混物切片在微型柱塞式纺丝机上进行熔融纺丝、拉伸等试验,对其纤维的结构和性能进行了分析。结果表明,随着EVA含量的增加,共混切片的纺丝性能下降;初生共混纤维的密度、机械性能、可拉伸性能下降;共混纤维的取向度、结晶度降低。     

PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维的晶态结构与拉伸性能研究

采用溶液干纺法制备了聚β-羟基丁酸酯/聚乳酸/聚氧乙烯(PHB/PLLA/PEO)共混纤维,研究了PHB/PLLA/PEO初生纤维的晶态结构、在50℃和110℃下拉伸后共混纤维的力学性能及表面形态。结果表明:PHB与PLLA在PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维中的晶型均为α晶型;初生纤维经50℃和110℃拉伸2倍后,纤维的断裂强度均有所增加,断裂伸长率减小,50℃拉伸的纤维断裂强度高于110℃拉伸,其断裂方式均为韧性断裂;w(PEO)为5%,PHB/PLLA质量比为1:1,50℃拉伸2倍的PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维断裂强度为0.471 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为34.05%     

玄武岩纤维增强PVDF/PP/PETG共混物及性能的研究

通过熔融共混法制备了聚偏氟乙烯/聚丙烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇1,4环己二醇酯（PVDF/PP/PETG）共混物,利用玄武岩纤维对其进行增强改性,并采用扫描电子显微镜、转矩流变仪、维卡软化点测试仪等测试仪器对共混物的形态、黏度、耐热性和力学性能等进行了研究。结果表明,230 ℃时,共混物中PVDF、PP和PETG属两两不相容体系,PVDF和PP呈现连续相结构,而PETG则以球状形态分散在体系中;经玄武岩纤维增强改性后,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度随着玄武岩纤维含量的增加而增大,且当其含量为30 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别增加到44.0 MPa和67.9 MPa;共混物的维卡软化点从126.7 ℃提高到141.7 ℃。     

钛酸酯偶联剂对抗菌沸石/聚丙烯共混体系的影响

采用钛酸酯偶联剂对抗菌沸石进行表面修饰,然后将其与聚丙烯共混造粒并纺丝。对共混切片进行DSC、扫描电镜以及纤维拉伸强度测试。结果表明:钛酸酯偶联剂的加入能完善共混体系的结晶,提高结晶度,促进抗菌沸石的分散以及减缓共混纤维拉伸强度的下降,其影响程度与钛酸酯含量有关。同时,抗菌沸石含量也是影响共混体系结晶、分散性及纤维拉伸强度的主要因素。     

共混纺丝制聚苯硫醚超细纤维及其形态结构研究

以聚苯硫醚(PPS)和聚丙烯(PP)为原料,采用熔融共混纺丝法制备PPS/PP共混海岛纤维,经对二甲苯溶除剥离基体相PP,制得PPS超细纤维;研究了共混纺丝温度、共混比例、拉伸、溶解剥离对PPS超细纤维形态结构的影响。结果表明:PPS/PP最佳共混纺丝温度为290~300℃;随着PPS/PP质量比增大,PPS超细纤维直径逐渐变大,PPS/PP质量比从30/70增至60/40时,PPS超细纤维平均直径从228 nm增至408nm;当PPS/PP质量比大于60/40时,开始出现相转变现象;提高拉伸倍数有利于PPS超细纤维的细化,PPS/PP质量比为40/60时,3倍拉伸得到PPS超细纤维的直径分布范围为158~488 nm,平均直径为312 nm,大于3倍拉伸时,易出现毛丝断丝现象;当对二甲苯体积与共混纤维质量比为500∶1时,PPS超细纤维的最佳剥离温度为120℃、剥离时间2 h。     

Cellulose/chitin films blended in NaOH/urea aqueous solution

Regenerated cellulose/chitin blend films (RCCH) were satisfactorily prepared in 6 wt % NaOH/4 wt % urea aqueous solution by coagulating with 5 wt % CaCl₂ aqueous solution then treating with 1 wt % HCl. The structure, miscibility, and mechanical properties of the RCCH films were investigated by infrared, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopies, X‐ray diffraction, tensile test, and differential scanning analysis. The results indicated that the blends were miscible when the content of chitin was lower than 40 wt %. Moreover, the RCCH blend film achieved the maximum tensile strength in both dry and wet states of 89.1 and 43.7 MPa, respectively, indicating that the tensile strength and water resistivity of the RCCH film containing 10–20 wt % chitin was slightly higher than that of the RC film unblended with chitin. Structural analysis indicated that strong interaction occurred between cellulose and chitin molecules caused by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Compared to the mechanical properties of chitin film, those of the blend films containing 10–50 wt % chitin were significantly improved. This work provided a novel way to obtain directly chitin material blended in the aqueous solution. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1679–1683, 2002     

The preparation and properties of cellulose/chitin blend filaments

The focus of this article is the preparation and characterization of cellulose/chitin blend filaments obtained from cellulose/chitin xanthate blend solution over the experimental blend ratio, i.e., 2.89% and 6.46% (w/w) chitin content. The addition of chitin xanthate into cellulose xanthate leads to an increase of intermittence rate and the blend solution has good filtering property. Scanning electronic microscope photos shows that there exist grooves on the filaments surface, which are becoming coarse with increasing chitin content. The mechanical properties of the spun blend filaments is much higher than that of Crabyon® fiber, which proves that the viscose method we adopt here is an efficient way to prepare cellulose/chitin blend filaments with satisfactory mechanical properties and processing property. Based on the data from X‐ray, sonic velocity, equilibrium regain rate, and accessibility, it is concluded that the degree of crystallinity, modulus, degree of orientation, density, equilibrium regain rate, and accessibility of blend filaments decreases with increasing chitin content in the blend filaments in the experiment scope. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

金红石型TiO2对聚丙烯纤维紫外光降解的影响

分析了聚丙烯(PP)／金红石型二氧化钛(TiO2)共混纤维在人工加速紫外光降解中断裂伸长率、断裂强度、质量损失和表面形态的变化,与PP纤维进行对比,研究了纳米级和微米级金红石型TiO2对共混纤维光降解的影响。结果表明,在紫外光照射下,共混纤维中金红石型TiO2的含量越高,PP纤维断裂伸长率、断裂强度的降低和质量损失速率就越快;同时由扫描电镜照片发现,经紫外光照射120 h后,纤维表面损伤程度也随着TiO2添加量的增多而加深。纳米级和微米级金红石型TiO2都对PP的光氧化降解具有一定的催化作用,而且其含量越高,催化作用越强,但纳米级TiO2的催化作用比微米级TiO2大。     

Preparation and properties of cellulose/chitin blend fiber

The blend solution of cellulose xanthate with chitin xanthate has excellent filtering property as an ordinary cellulose viscose. The SEM photos show that the fiber surface becomes coarse with increasing chitin content. The X‐ray diffraction shows that the addition of chitin interferes with the crystallization of cellulose. The dry and wet strength and density of blend fibers decrease with increasing chitin content. The hygroscopicity of the blend staples decreases with increasing chitin content, and there exists a minimum at 3.85% chitin mass percent, while the accessibility shows the same tendency. The fiber prepared has effective bacteriostatic effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli, etc., and the bacteriostastic rate increases with increasing chitin content. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3430–3436, 2003     

A preliminary study for fiber spinning of mixed solutions of polyrotaxane and cellulose in a dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) solvent system

Polyrotaxane fiber and polyrotaxane/cellulose blend fibers were prepared by wet-spinning of the polyrotaxane or polyrotaxane/cellulose blend solution dissolved in the new solvent system, i.e. dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl), into methanol and a subsequent annealing. In the resultant polyrotaxane/cellulose fiber, some undissolved rodlike cellulose microcrystals were oriented along with the fiber axis, resulting in formation of nanocomposite-like structure. From tensile measurements, it was found that the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the fibers with polyrotaxane/cellulose ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 were higher than those of the pure cellulose fiber. Although the mechanical properties of the fiber with polyrotaxane/cellulose ratio of 4:1 and the pure polyrotaxane fiber were lower than those of the pure cellulose fiber, these fibers showed significantly large strain at break (up to 90% strain), presumably due to the sliding of the cyclodextrin rings of the polyrotaxane in the fibers.     

Morphology and properties of cellulose/chitin blends membranes from NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution

Blend membranes of chitin/cellulose from 12 : 50 to 12 : 250 were successfully prepared from cotton linters in 1.5M NaOH/0.65M thirourea solution system. Two coagulation systems were used to compare with each other, one coagulating by 5 wt % H₂SO₄ (system H), and the other by 5 wt % CaCl₂ and then 5 wt % H₂SO₄ (system C). The morphology, crystallinity, thermal stabilities, and mechanical properties of the blend membranes were investigated by electron scanning microscopy, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, infrared spectroscope, elemental analysis, X‐ray diffraction, different scanning calorimeter, and tensile tests. The cellulose/chitin blends exhibited a certain level of miscibility in the weight ratios tested. There were great differences between the two blends H coagulated with H₂SO₄ and C coagulated with CaCl₂ and H₂SO₄, respectively. The membranes H have a denser structure, higher thermal stability, tensile strength (σ_b), and crystallinity (χ_c), and values of σ_b (90 MPa for chitin/cellulose 12 : 150) were significantly superior to that of both chitin and regenerated cellulose membrane. However, the blend membranes C have much better breaking elongations (?) than that of membranes H, and relatively large pore size (2r_e = 210 μm), owing to the removal of a water‐soluble calcium complex of chitin as pore former from the membranes C. When the percentage content of chitin in the blends was from 5 to 7.5%, the values of breaking elongation for the blend membranes H and C all were higher than that of unblend membranes, respectively. The blends provide a promising way for application of chitin as a functional film or fiber in wet and dry states without derivates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2025–2032, 2002     

混杂纤维/POE-g-MAH复合增强PA66耐磨材料

采用双螺杆挤出机制备聚酰胺66(PA66)/碳纤维/玻璃纤维材料和PA66/碳纤维材料,另外加入相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体(POE–g–MAH)来改善相界面的相容性,同时评价其力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:在碳纤维增强PA66材料的研究过程中引入玻璃纤维可降低最高界面温度并且使摩擦系数降低,有助于改善PA66材料的摩擦学性能,共混物的摩擦过程以磨粒磨损和粘着磨损为主。此外,在添加入玻璃纤维后,15%混杂纤维填充比15%碳纤维单独填充的PA66材料拉伸强度提高9.89%,冲击强度提高34.02%;而添加入20%混杂纤维与20%碳纤维单独填充的PA66材料相比,拉伸强度提高了71.65%,冲击强度提高了26.23%。     

PVA水溶纤维的结构与力学性能的关系

通过甲醇溶剂冻胶纺丝制备水溶温度为5-80℃聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶纤维,采用X射线衍射、双折射、电子强伸仪等测定了PVA水溶纤维的结晶度、取向度、应力应变曲线。讨论了PVA水溶纤维的结构与力学性能的关系。结果表明:纤维的结晶度和取向度随拉伸倍数的增加而增加,拉伸倍数为16时,纤维力学性能良好,纤维结构均匀,水溶温度范围宽。     

Effect of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane on mechanical properties of PLA/PBAT blend reinforced kenaf fiber

The composite-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/kenaf fiber has been prepared using melt blending method. A PLA/PBAT blend with the ratio of 90:10 wt%, and the same blend ratio reinforced with various amounts of kenaf fiber have been prepared and characterized. However, the addition of kenaf fiber has reduced the mechanical properties sharply due to the poor interaction between the fiber and polymer matrix. Modification of the composite by (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) showed improvements in mechanical properties, increasing up to 42.46, 62.71 and 22.00 % for tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength, respectively. The composite treated with 2 % APTMS successfully exhibited optimum tensile strength (52.27 MPa), flexural strength (64.27 MPa) and impact strength (234.21 J/m). Morphological interpretation through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals improved interaction and interfacial adhesion between PLA/PBAT blend and kenaf fiber. The fiber was well distributed and remained in the PLA/PBAT blend evenly. DMA results showed lower storage modulus (E′) for PLA/PBAT/kenaf fiber blend and an increase after modification by 2 wt% APTMS. Conversely, the relative damping properties decreased. Based on overall results, APTMS can be used as coupling agent for the composite since APTMS can improve the interaction between hydrophilic natural fibers and non-polar polymers.