奥氏体不锈钢热浸镀铝层的抗氧化特性

为进一步提高奥氏体不锈钢0Cr18Ni9Ti的高温使用性能,对该钢进行了热浸镀铝处理和抗高温氧化性能的试验.试验结果表明:经热浸镀铝处理后,奥氏体不锈钢0Cr18Ni9Ti的抗高温氧化性能明显得到改善,其热浸镀铝层的抗高温氧化行为符合抛物线规律.1 000℃抗氧化试验表明:在高温氧化过程中,表层Al2O3氧化膜及扩散层中的金属间化合物FeAl相和β-NiAl相起到抗氧化作用.     

高温扩散对0Cr18Ni10Ti热浸镀铝抗高温氧化性能的影响研究

采用熔剂法对0Cr18Ni10Ti热浸镀铝。通过高温热重分析仪对热浸镀铝试样、热浸镀铝经扩散退火处理后的试样及0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢试样900℃×24h短期氧化行为进行了研究,采用EDS、SEM对截面进行了能谱分析及形貌观察,利用XRD对表面进行了物相分析。研究结果表明,热浸镀铝经950℃×2 h高温扩散试样及不锈钢900℃×24 h氧化动力学曲线均符合抛物线规律,热浸镀铝经950℃×2 h高温扩散提高了0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢的抗高温氧化性,Fe Al金属间化合物具有较好的抗高温氧化性能。热浸镀铝未经950℃×2h高温扩散,试样表层富铝层较疏松。     

不锈钢热浸镀铝后的抗氧化性能

通过对普通奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝（Al）＋混合稀土（RE）,分析了热浸镀铝不锈钢的高温长时间（500h）抗氧化性能。结果表明,热浸镀铝不锈钢在700℃、800℃的氧化增重较相同条件下未镀铝不锈钢的氧化增重高;1000℃氧化时,在热浸镀铝不锈钢的表面生成完整的α－Al2O3,使镀件表现出良好的长时间抗氧化性能,因而可以在此温度下长期使用。     

扩散方式对不锈钢热浸镀铝镀层形貌的影响

以1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢为研究对象,对其进行热浸镀铝。热浸镀后分别采用了空气扩散、包膜扩散和真空扩散3种不同的扩散方式。借助SEM和EDS研究了扩散前后镀层的形貌、厚度和成分的变化,分析了扩散方式对镀层形貌和抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢热浸镀并经950℃扩散3 h后,获得了与基体结合良好的双扩散层组织。试样表面主要为Al2O3等金属氧化物,外层主要为FeAl3、MeAl等金属间化合物,内层主要为Fe3Al和AlNi等金属间化合物。包膜扩散试样中的镀层总厚度和内层厚度最大,抗高温氧化性能最好。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝扩散层的抗氧化性

通过高温氧化实验,测定出1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝前后的氧化增重,分析了扩散层的微观结构和表面氧化产物的物相组成.结果表明1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝后的抗氧化温度可达1100℃,扩散层中Fe2Al5退化成FeAl后,β-NiAl将发挥抗氧化作用,α-A12O3相的形成是使材料抗高温氧化性提高的主要原因.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝扩散层的的抗氧化性

通过高温氧化实验,测定出1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝前后的氧化增重,分析了扩散层的微观结构和表面氧化产物的物相组成。结果表明：1Cr18Ni9Ti热浸镀铝后的抗氧化温度可达1100℃,扩散层中Fe2Al5退化成FeAl后β-NiAl将发挥抗氧化使用,α-Al2O3相的形成是使材料抗高温氧化性提高的主要原因。     

全国手工电弧焊技术选拔赛理论试题

一、选择题: 1.在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢中,碳平均含量——。① C≤0.12％② C=1.2％③ C=12％ 2.在牌号1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢中,铬的平均含量——。① Cr=1.8％② Cr=18％③ Cr=0.18％ 3.A3钢是甲类钢,它保证——。①钢中含硫及磷较少②钢材的机械性能③型钢的尺寸     

冷变形对奥氏体不锈钢表面N离子注入的影响

研究了冷变形对1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面N离子注入的影响。结果表明:冷变形对1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢的表面N离子注入有显著的加速作用;表面N离子注入在保持冷变形强化效果的同时在钢的表面注入层中形成含N的奥氏体γN相,使钢的表面硬度和疲劳性能进一步提高。冷变形和表面N离子注入复合强化可使1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢获得更高的整体性能和表面性能的配合。     

U71Mn与1Cr18Ni9Ti异种钢的角接接头焊接性试验研究

应用金相观察、力学性能测试、理论计算等手段，对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢与U71Mn高碳钢，用不同焊接材料所形成的不同类型异种钢接头的组织特征、力学性能等进行了研究与分析。结果表明：采用小电流小规范焊接工艺和高Cr、高Ni的A307焊条施焊，U71Mn和1Cr18Ni9Ti异种钢焊接接头的组织和性能最优。     

耐热钢表面等离子喷涂NiCrAlY＋(ZrO2＋Y2O3)热障涂层性能研究

利用等离子喷涂法在耐热钢1Cr18Ni9Ti基体表面喷涂NiCrAlY＋（ZrO2＋Y2O3）陶瓷热障涂层，并进行高温隔热性能试验，用XRD、SEM检测了试样的金相组织、结构及形貌，结果表明，陶瓷热障涂层与1Cr18Ni9Ti基体结合紧密；表面陶瓷层经高温氧化后处理后其硬度显著增高；进行850℃高温隔热性能试验，1Cr18Ni9Ti表面热障涂层隔热能力显著提高，达75℃。     

Pack Aluminide Coatings Formed at 650 ℃ for Enhancing Oxidation Resistance of Low Alloy Steels

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of forming iron aluminide coatings on a commercial 9Cr-lMo (wt.%)alloy steel by pack cementation at 650 ℃ in an attempt to improve its high temperature oxidation resistance. Pack powders containing Al, Al2O3 and a series of halide salts were used to carry out the coating deposition experiments, which enabled identification of the most suitable activator for the pack aluminising process at the intended temperature. The effect of pack aluminium content on the growth kinetics and microstructure of the coatings was then studied by keeping deposition conditions and pack activator content constant while increasing the pack aluminium content from 1.4 wt.% to 6 wt.%. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to analyse the phases and microstructures of the coatings formed and to determine depth profiles of coating elements in the coating layer. Oxidation resistance of the coating was studied at 650 ℃ in air by intermittent weight measurement at room temperature. It was observed that the coating could substantially enhance the oxidation resistance of the steel under these testing conditions, which was attributed to the capability of the iron aluminide phases to form alumina scale on the coating surface through preferential Al oxidation.     

Microstructure and oxidation resistance of reactive plasma clad Cr7C3 /γ-Fe ceramic composite coating

A new type oxidation resistance in situ Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramic composite coating was fabricated on hardened and tempered grade C steel by reactive plasma clad with Fe-Cr-C alloy powders. The oxidation resistance of the ceramic composite coating was investigated under the test condition of 900℃ and 50 hours. The results indicate that the coating has a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of blocky primary Cr7C3 and the inter-blocky Cr7C3/γ-Fe eutectics and is metallurgically bonded to the hardened and tempered grade C steel substrate. The high temperature oxidation resistance of the coating is up to 1.9 times higher than that of grade C steel. The oxidation kinetics curve of the coating is conforming to the parabolic-rate law equation. The excellent oxidation resistance of the coating is mainly attributed to the continuous oxide films which consist of Cr2O3 and Fe2O3. The continuous oxide films can prevent the inner part of the coating from being further oxidized.     

Schutzschichten für Ti3Al gegen Hochtemperaturoxidation

Protective coatings for Ti₃Al against high temperature oxidation As protection against high temperature oxidation the titanium-aluminide Ti₃Al was coated with aluminium and aluminium-oxide by magnetron-sputtering. To investigate the transferability of its efficiency the most effective coating was also deposited on the titanium alloy TiAl6V4. The influence of the coatings on the oxidation rate was determined by isothermly annealing the specimens in air at temperatures between 650°C and 900°C and coincident recording of the weight change. Coating Ti₃Al with 0,2 μm aluminium appreciably reduced the oxidation rate in comparison with the oxidation rate of the uncoated base material. It was even lower than the corresponding value for an uncoated specimen of the higher aluminium-containing titanium-aluminide TiAl. By raising the thickness of the coating to 0,6 μm the effect could be increased. The lowest oxidation rate however was determined after coating Ti₃Al with 0,6 μm aluminium-oxide. A raising of the coating thickness to 1,0 μm did not result in a further reduction. For a short test period the efficiency of the aluminium-oxide coating could be transferred to TiAl6V4: For 30 h a coating with a thickness of 0,6 μm reduced the oxidation rate at 700°C to a value near the corresponding value of uncoated Ti₃Al.     

Cyclic oxidation resistance of Ni–Al alloy coatings deposited on steel by a cathodic arc plasma process

The cyclic oxidation resistance of nickel-aluminide coatings deposited on steel using a cathodic arc plasma (CAP) process has been investigated. Our results show that nickel-aluminide films can be successfully deposited on carbon steel and stainless steel substrates by this process; NiAl₃ is the major phase in the deposited films. The thermal cycling behaviour suggests that such coatings can resist oxidation through physical blocking of oxygen, either by the coating itself or by the aluminium oxide scale subsequently formed in-service. Aluminium diffusion inwards to the substrate may also be beneficial to the thermal oxidation resistance. The coating protects stainless steel substrate materials at 500°C by transforming the NiAl₃ phase into NiAl, producing aluminium oxide on the open substrate surface. At 800°C, oxide flaking is suppressed by the trace amounts of nickel or aluminium which have partially diffused into the substrate.     

预制膜对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层生长过程的影响

在磷酸盐体系电解液中,利用微弧氧化技术,分别对有、无高温氧化预制膜的铝合金进行表面陶瓷化处理,研究了预制膜对陶瓷层生长的影响规律.结果表明:高温氧化预制膜有利于提高陶瓷层的生长速率,降低起弧电压;陶瓷层的生长先是以初期形成的陶瓷颗粒为核心呈线状扩展,然后多条线接合呈网状,最后蔓延成面;陶瓷层生长的初期以高温氧化预制膜熔化生成为主,到后期,则是以铝合金基体熔化生成为主,此时预制膜对陶瓷层生长过程的影响较小,但由预制膜生成的陶瓷对陶瓷层生长的影响较大.     

Oxidation behaviour of PACVD TiBN coating at elevated temperatures

The elevated-temperature oxidation behaviour of a TiBN coating on a plasma-nitrided hot-work tool steel (DIN 1.2367) by means of plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD) was investigated under the condition where a coated die would be preheated prior to being mounted on the press for aluminium extrusion. The TiBN coating was found to possess good resistance to oxidation up to 400 °C. Rapid oxidation started to occur at 450 °C. Radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (rf-GDOES) indicated that the oxidised layer was thickened from 100 nm to 1.0 μm, as the soaking time at 500 °C was prolonged from 2 to 16 h, which was attributed to the high temperature that promoted the penetration of oxygen into the coating. rf-GDOES also showed that boron initially in the coating vanished from the oxidised layer when the temperature was 450 °C or higher. X-ray diffractometry confirmed that the oxidised layer was composed mainly of TiO₂. SEM revealed that the TiO₂ layer was pulverised, leaving many microcracks and cavities, as a result of the losses of boron oxide and nitrogen. The rapid oxidation at above 450 °C was attributed to the pulverised TiO₂ layer that was unable to hinder the diffusion of oxygen into the coating. It is therefore recommended to apply a protective gas during the preheating of the TiBN-coated die for aluminium extrusion. Alternatively, an advanced TiBN coating with enhanced resistance to oxidation must be developed, which will be conducive to its application for aluminium extrusion dies.     

NiCr基锅炉管道涂层材料抗高温氧化性能的研究

设计及采用亚音速喷涂工艺制备了锅炉管道NiCr--Cr3C2涂层；评价了它的抗高温氧化特征，并与20G锅炉钢及目前广泛使用的NiCrTi涂层进行了对比；采用扫描电镜以及X衍射仪等对氧化产物的形貌和相组成进行了分析，探讨了NiCr-Cr3C2及NiCrTi涂层的抗高温氧化机理。     

铸钢轧辊亚微米WC-4Co电火花沉积涂层高温性能

用新型电火花沉积设备,把WC-4Co陶瓷硬质合金材料沉积在铸钢轧辊材料上,制备了电火花沉积合金涂层,用SEM和XRD等技术研究了沉积层在300 ℃的高温耐磨性和800 ℃高温氧化100 h后氧化膜形貌、组织结构和高温抗氧化性能.结果表明,沉积层厚度为20～30 μm,沉积层由Fe3W3C,Co3W3C,Si2W和W2C等物相组成.300 ℃高温条件下沉积层的耐磨性比基体提高了3.4倍,300 ℃高温条件下沉积层的磨损机理主要是粘着磨损、疲劳磨损、氧化磨损和磨粒磨损的综合作用.800 ℃高温条件下沉积层氧化100 h后的氧化膜的厚度约为10～20 μm;氧化膜主要由Fe3O4,Fe2O3,W20O58和Si物相组成;800 ℃高温下沉积层抗氧化性能比基体的抗氧化性能提高了2.6倍.细小弥散分布的硬质相提高了沉积层的抗高温磨损性能和抗高温氧化性能.     

高速电弧喷涂FeCrBSiMo涂层抗高温氧化性能

采用高速电弧喷涂工艺在20钢基体上制备铁基FeCrBSiMo涂层,孔隙率为3.64%,显微维氏硬度为9 002.5 MPa,结合强度达52 MPa;采用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪和X射线衍射仪对涂层的显微组织和抗高温氧化性能进行了研究,并与锅炉管道常用20钢的相关性能进行了比较.结果表明,FeCrBSiMo涂层组织结构致密,在450~750℃下氧化80 h后其氧化增重均明显低于锅炉管道用20钢增重,其中750℃时的氧化增重仅是20钢的1/25.高温氧化时,涂层表面生成连续致密的铁,铬氧化物膜,能阻碍O元素从涂层表面扩散渗入涂层内部,防止涂层的进一步氧化,具有很好的保护性.     

硼铬共渗提高3Cr13钢抗高温磨蚀性能

本文研究了3Cr13钢硼铬共渗层的组织和性能共渗层是由含铅量较高的(Fe,Cr)2B相组成.硼铬共渗处理可大幅度地提高3Cr13钢的表面硬度和抗高温氧化性能,可应用于在高温磨蚀环境中使用的热电偶保护套管上.