冷气溶胶消防车及其应用

冷气溶胶灭火剂与气体灭火剂一样具有可压缩性、流动性、弥散性,因而具有气体灭火剂灭火应用的典型特点,同时又具有自身的优点:灭火效能比气体灭火剂高出数倍,宜于存储和可实现大流量、远距离的喷射.由此而研制出的高机动性的冷气溶胶消防车,可在扑灭楼房火灾、古建筑火灾、隧道火灾、仓库火灾、抑制泄漏出的可燃性气体爆燃爆轰方面发挥重要作用.     

冷气溶胶灭火剂研究进展

介绍了冷气溶胶灭火剂的性能、特点、灭火机理、研究开发及生产方法等。冷气溶胶灭火剂具有灭火快、效率高、环保无污染等特色。灭火剂粒径对灭火效能及分散稳定性有很大影响,随粒径减少灭火效能急剧上升,稳定性随之提高;超细粒子的表面处理对于灭火剂的贮存及灭火效能发挥很重要。冷气溶胶灭火剂以其独特的诸多优异性能将是气溶胶灭火剂今后的重点研究和开发对象。     

灭火剂的三维喷射模式及其消防装备研制

消防车对灭火剂的喷射,依灭火剂与火焰的接触方式不同,分为三种喷射模式。微粉状的化学灭火剂在高速气体射流驱动下喷射为气溶胶灭火剂,以阻断燃烧反应链的方式熄灭火焰,有着灭火剂量小、灭火速度快的突出优势。但其射入火区时穿入火焰的动能不足,抗复燃能力差。为克服这一缺点,将超细干粉灭火剂与水或超细水雾混合喷射,生成大流量高射速的气溶胶灭火剂射流,有很大的与火焰的接触面积,有极快的灭火速度,成为以三维模式喷射灭火剂的消防灭火新手段,用于快速扑灭猛烈燃烧而又难以控制的火灾,阻止火焰复燃,可大幅度缩短灭火战斗时间,减少消防兵力投入和灭火剂的消耗,尤其适合用于石化工厂、油库、机场、船舶和供水困难区域的火灾扑救。     

针对隧道火灾的冷气溶胶灭火新方法研究

针对隧道火灾燃烧过程中需要新鲜空气持续不断地进入隧道补充才能维持燃烧,由此形成补充气流的流动通道这一特点,提出一种适用于扑灭隧道火灾的新方法,即将冷气溶胶灭火剂射入补充气流通道中,使之替代新鲜空气补充气流进入燃烧区域,产生全淹没效果,发挥冷气溶胶灭火剂极高的灭火效能,可以快速扑灭隧道内的大火。     

浅谈冷气溶胶灭火技术

一 .前言气溶胶灭火剂及其灭火技术早在六、七十年代国外研究人员就提出并进行过研究 ,但由于种种原因未能得到推广应用。而哈龙灭火剂却以其高效、清洁的灭火性能受到人们的青睐 ,被广泛地应用于多种场所的火灾扑救 ,在灭火剂中赢得了重要的地位。八十年代 ,人们认识到哈龙灭火剂对大气臭氧层有极强的破坏作用 ,国际环保组织明确提出要在全球逐步淘汰哈龙灭火剂 ,因而研究人员面临着一个重大课题 ,就是寻找哈龙替代产品及其灭火技术。此时 ,气溶胶灭火剂又被重新重视起来 ,并开发和研究出了多种类型的固体气溶胶灭火剂及灭火技术 ,力争作为…     

冷气溶胶灭火剂研究

介绍了冷气溶胶灭火剂的性能、特点、灭火机理、研究开发及生产方法等。     

基于冷冻干燥共结晶工艺的热气溶胶灭火剂

利用冷冻干燥共结晶工艺改善热气溶胶灭火剂的燃烧与灭火性能.将硝酸钾按照45％～60％递增、乳糖按照55％～40％对应递减的8组比例进行共结晶工艺处理,并与机械混合的同样比例成份的热气溶胶灭火剂进行灭火效率对比分析.灭火性能测试结果表明,共结晶工艺可以使热气溶胶灭火剂的喷射时间和灭火时间显著缩短,硝酸钾和乳糖质量比为4....     

气溶胶灭火剂的研究概况

本文对气溶胶灭火剂的组成和性质进行了介绍，讨论了气溶胶灭火剂的灭火机理，并提出了气溶胶灭火剂的应用与发展方向     

气溶胶灭火剂的研究及发展现状

介绍了气溶胶灭火剂的类型、灭火机理及性能特点 ,阐述了气溶胶灭火技术的发展现状、气溶胶产品的生产使用情况及存在问题 ,指出了气溶胶灭火技术的发展方向     

配方组成对气溶胶灭火剂燃速的影响规律研究

“气溶胶”指的是液体或固体微粒悬浮于气体介质中的一种物系。固体气溶胶灭火剂是当今国际上兴起的新型灭火剂，它是随着哈龙灭火剂的淘汰而开发出的一种新型灭火材料。由于其具有无毒、ODP=GWP值小、储存周期长、成本低等优点近年来广泛应用于各种场所，是哈龙产品的最佳替代物。     

试论气溶胶干粉灭火剂和冷气溶胶灭火器

气溶胶灭火剂是近十年以来新兴的高效灭火剂。　　一、气溶胶干粉灭火剂　　 (一 )气溶胶根据胶体化学的说法 :在自然界中人们见到的实物 ,严格来讲 ,都是一种或几种物质分散在另一种物质中的分散物系。而且 ,在物系中被分散物质粒子的大小 ,能代表它在空气中分散的程度 ,是分散相形成胶体、悬浮液或乳状液等物理化学性质的关键。以固体为分散相而气体为分散介质形成的溶胶叫气溶胶。如烟、尘。在空气中烟和雾粒子的分散度较高(0 .0 1～ 1微米之间 ) ,粉尘的分散度比烟雾低 (1～1 0 0 0微米之间 )。正因为烟雾与粉尘的分散度不同 ,所以它们…     

Sulfuric acid aerosol.

A brief discussion of the significance of sulfuric acid aerosol is presented together with a review of methods for its sampling, separation and determination.     

Solid particulate aerosol fire suppressants

A variety of private and public sector programs are developing a new class of fire suppressants, known generically as solid particulate aerosols. These have superior volumetric efficiency, low initial and life-cycle costs, low toxicity, no known global atmospheric environmental impacts (ODP/GWP), and the potential for a wide variety of applications. Researchers are developing solid compound formulations that, when pyrotechnically initiated, generate powerful fire suppressant aerosols that behave more lightly than do air gases. Preliminary indications show that these aerosols are up to four times more powerful as fire suppressants on a mass basis than Halon 1301. Using a solid, gel, or powder as the starting point for generating an aerosol eliminates the need for piping and pressure cylinders and creates a potential for a wide variety of fire suppression applications in facilities, aircraft cargo containers, portable rapid deployment shelters, fuel storage tanks, battery/UPS rooms, unstaffed telecommunications facilities, and armored vehicle engine compartments. The speed of aerosol formation depends upon system design and configuration. This paper covers mechanisms of aerosol fire suppression and presents the most recent test results.     

热气溶胶的冷却技术

通过对气溶胶灭火机理的分析 ,针对热气溶胶释放过程中温度过高的缺陷 ,经过冷却剂的组合匹配使用和装药结构的合理设计 ,解决了灭火剂释放时产生的高温所带来的二次火灾的难题     

Fungal aerosol composition in moldy basements

Experimental aerosolization studies revealed that fungal fragments including small fragments in the submicrometer size are released from fungal cultures and have been suggested to represent an important fraction of overall fungal aerosols in indoor environments. However, their prevalence indoors and outdoors remains poorly characterized. Moldy basements were investigated for airborne fungal particles including spores, submicron fragments, and larger fragments. Particles were collected onto poly‐L‐lysine‐coated polycarbonate filters and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using immunogold labeling combined with field emission scanning electron microscopy. We found that the total fungal aerosol levels including spores, submicrometer, and larger fragments in the moldy basements (median: 80 × 10³ m^?3) were not different from that estimated in control basements (63 × 10³ m^?3) and outdoor (90 × 10³ m^?3). However, mixed effect modeling of the fungal aerosol composition revealed that the fraction of fragments increased significantly in moldy basements, versus the spore fraction that increased significantly in outdoor air. These findings provide new insight on the compositional variation of mixed fungal aerosols in indoor as compared to outdoor air. Our results also suggest that further studies, aiming to investigate the role of fungal aerosols in the fungal exposure‐disease relationships, should consider the mixed composition of various types of fungal particles.     

一种紧凑型气溶胶灭火装置

通过对气溶胶灭火装置及气溶胶灭火机理的研究,充分了解现有气溶胶灭火装置的优缺点,在经过系统试验的基础上,介绍一种集落地、悬挂、壁挂、嵌入4种安装方式的紧凑型气溶胶灭火装置,讨论了该装置的优越性,并给出了应用建议.     

烟火式气溶胶灭火剂

一、什么是烟火式气溶胶灭火剂烟火式气溶胶灭火剂是由固态气溶胶生成剂和固态化学冷却剂组成的。其中 ,固态气溶胶生成剂是一种固体火箭推进剂的衍生物 ,它是由固态氧化剂硝酸钾、经增塑处理的易燃粘合剂硝化纤维和几种已取得专利的工艺辅料混合而成的热塑性混合物。图 1为烟火式气溶胶在无压罐体内的状况。固态气溶胶生成剂被激活后会发生爆炸反应 ,产生钾的碳酸盐 (KHCO3 和 K2 CO3 )、二氧化碳气体(CO2 )、氮气 (N2 )和水蒸汽 (H2 O)。上述混合物就起到了灭火剂的作用。如果反应温度高 ,钾的碳酸盐就会处于气态 ;反之就会凝结成液…     

再谈冷气溶胶灭火技术

1997年英国KIDE公司研究人员提出并进行了冷气溶胶灭火的研究工作,但由于微米级颗粒在储存中出现再次聚集及吸湿结块现象形成技术障碍难于突破,以致实验结果仅停留在小试阶段,始终无法投入批量生产。笔者借鉴文献报道,从灭火剂选择、制备超细粉体方法、储存助剂及生产条件等方面进行了深入细致的研究,取得了突破性的进展和成果。     

Real‐time transformation of outdoor aerosol components upon transport indoors measured with aerosol mass spectrometry

Outdoor aerosols are transported indoors, where their component concentrations depend on aerosol size, physiochemical properties, indoor sources and losses, and cross‐environment gradients of temperature and relative humidity. We explored these dependencies by measuring real‐time outdoor and indoor non‐refractory, submicron (PM₁) aerosol component mass concentrations in a mixed‐use laboratory space with an Aerodyne mini‐aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and black carbon (BC) with an aethalometer. The median indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios were 0.60 for sulfate, 0.25 for nitrate, 0.52 for ammonium, 0.73 for organics, and 0.61 for BC. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) on organic aerosol data identified hydrocarbon‐like (HOA), cooking (COA), and oxygenated (OOA) factors. By assuming sulfate was nonvolatile, lost only by mechanical processes, and without indoor sources, the transformations of other components i due to partitioning changes or indoor sources were parameterized by normalizing their I/O ratios by sulfate's I/O ratio, that is, (I/O)_i/SO4. Component‐specific behavior was quantified by regressions of (I/O)_i/SO4 to outdoor‐to‐indoor temperature differences. Nitrate and HOA strongly and OOA weakly showed losses with increasing temperatures indoors vs. outdoors, and HOA likely had an indoor source. To our knowledge, this is the first reported deployment of an AMS to analyze real‐time indoor aerosol composition and outdoor‐to‐indoor transformation.