L型异型材气辅共挤胀大的三维等温数值模拟EI北大核心CSCD

应用有限元分析方法,采用Giesekus本构方程,对L型双层共挤模型进行了三维粘弹等温共挤出数值模拟,分析了2种不同进料方案下传统共挤和气辅共挤口模出口面的速度场、剪切速率场以及挤出胀大和变形情况。研究表明,异型材传统共挤的挤出胀大和变形受进料方案的影响,而气辅共挤则不受其影响。异型材传统共挤在口模出口面速度的非均匀分布是导致挤出胀大和变形的主要原因;气辅共挤口模出口面速度分布均匀,无胀大和变形,说明气辅共挤能消除异型材传统共挤中的挤出胀大和变形。     

非等温气辅共挤出胀大的三维粘弹数值模拟

采用PTT本构方程和Arrhenius黏度对温度依赖方程,运用有限元方法,对低密聚乙烯(LDPE)/高密聚乙烯(HDPE)熔体的共挤过程进行了三维非等温粘弹数值模拟,对比分析了两熔体在传统和气辅共挤过程中的速度场、剪切速率分布和层间界面形貌。研究表明,气辅共挤成型在口模出口处不存在二次流动,且在挤出方向流速均匀,剪切速率分布均匀且数值比传统共挤小得多,说明气辅共挤能有效消除传统共挤过程中的挤出胀大和界面偏移现象。     

聚合物气辅共挤成型中挤出胀大的数值模拟

以一矩形截面共挤型材为例,采用Giesekus本构方程和Navier滑移模型建立数值模型,使用EVSS、SU等有限元方法对气辅共挤和传统共挤时两种聚合物熔体在口模内外的等温粘弹流动做了三维数值模拟,得到了气辅共挤和传统共挤时的挤出胀大率、速度场、应力场及剪切速率分布。对模拟结果进行了分析和对比,结果表明,气辅共挤能消除挤出胀大和模外熔体偏转流动现象;气辅共挤时两相熔体的速度场均匀一致,熔体流动稳定,呈柱塞状挤出;熔体表面的切向和法向应力为零,因而可有效提高挤出速率,并防止制品表面"鲨鱼皮"现象的出现。     

聚合物熔体的非等温平板收缩流动的数值模拟

用有限元法模拟了Carreau流体在4：1平板收缩口模中的非等温挤出流动，采用3节点的三角形单元对速度、压力和温度进行等阶插值，运用特殊的罚函数处理流体的不可压缩条件，解决了压力场的数值振荡问题，并用改进的Newton迭代法对非线性方程进行求解，成功地计算了Carreau流体在平板收缩流动中的速度、压力、粘度以及应力的分布，同时得到温度场的分布，计算的应力分布与实验的结果及Renardy的分析结构相符。     

基于粘弹本构的水辅注塑充填过程的仿真分析

水辅注塑成型工艺适合于生产中空或者部分中空的塑料制品,对其充填过程进行粘弹特性的研究可以加深相关工艺参数对其影响的理解。文中以开源计算代码OpenFOAM为基础,采用面向对象编程方法和流体体积法(VOF)构建了基于Giesekus粘弹本构的聚合物熔体三维多相流等温流动过程的计算模块,以水辅注塑成型充填过程为例进行了数值求解,得出熔体残余壁厚和水相的穿透距离都随着注水速度的增加而增加的结论,与Polynkin等相关实验所得结论一致,并根据聚合物熔体所固有的粘弹特性进行了说明。     

气体辅助工艺对曲线型异型材共挤成型的影响

基于流变学基本方程和PTT本构方程,建立了三维粘弹曲线型塑料异型材包覆共挤成型数值模型,运用有限元方法对数值模型进行了模拟计算,分析研究了气体辅助工艺对曲线型异型材共挤成型过程中挤出胀大、扭曲变形及口模内流场分布的影响。研究结果表明,传统共挤成型时,共挤制品的挤出胀大及变形、口模内熔体速度场、压力场、剪切速率及应力场等的分布均随着壳层熔体黏度的变化而变化,而气辅共挤成型时,共挤制品的挤出胀大和变形现象以及口模内熔体流场的分布均与芯壳层熔体的物性无关,能实现制品截面形状和尺寸与口模截面形状和尺寸保持一致的精密共挤。     

气辅共挤出流道中聚合物流动过程的数值分析

建立了气辅条件下两种聚合物在矩形流道中共挤出流动的三维非等温数值分析模型。用粘弹性流体模型(PTT模型)描述熔融聚合物的特性,Arrhenius方程表示流动对温度的依赖性,并且考虑聚合物相对于流道壁面的滑移以及不相容聚合物熔体间滑移的边界条件。用有限元方法数值模拟了聚合物成型过程,将计算结果与普通共挤出成型流动进行了对比分析。结果表明,气垫层的加入,将使聚合物熔体的压力降减低20%～40%;使流道出口处的速度场分布均匀,速度场的最大值下降约50%;气垫区聚合物的自由流动还将对共挤出界面的形状和位置有一定的影响。     

挤出口模内幂律流体的罚有限元模拟

模拟了幂律型流体在圆形截面过渡为正方形截面的收缩口模内的三维非等温挤出流动。采用罚有限元法处理了流体的不可压缩条件,消去了动量方程中的压力项,并运用降阶积分方法确保了压力解的稳定性;采用SU PG方法构造能量方程的非对称权函数,克服了对流项占优时数值解的失真;考虑了聚合物在口模内流动时产生的剪切热,运用A rrhen ius模型计算了温度对黏度的影响。计算实例表明,可以获得合理的温度、压力、应力和温度分布。     

考虑温度对于弹模影响效应的大体积混凝土施工期应力计算

阐述了水泥水化反应遵循物理化学反应中Arrhenius方程的规律,用“等效龄期”的概念考查了温度对于混凝土弹性模量的影响,进行了某碾压混凝土拱坝施工期温度场的计算,并利用该温度场及“等效龄期”进行了应力场的计算,该应力计算中包含了温度及自重徐变应力。对比了20℃定温下弹模变化的应力场。考虑温度对于混凝土弹模影响的计算结果是趋于危险情况的。     

考虑温度对于弹横影响效应的大体积混凝土施工期应力计算

阐述了水泥水化反应遵循物理化学反应中Arrhenius方程的规律,用“等效龄期”的概念考查了温度对于混凝土弹性模量的影响,进行了某碾压混凝土拱坝施工期温度场的计算,并利用该温度场及“等效龄期”进行了应力场的计算,该应力计算中包含了温度及自重徐变应力。对比了20℃定温下弹模变化的应力场。考虑温度对于混凝土弹模影响的计算结果是趋于危险情况的。     

瓦楞纸板本构模型参数识别方法

目的 解决瓦楞纸板的本构模型参数识别难题,建立一个数学函数较为简单的本构方程.方法 采用正弦函数和正切函数分别表征应力-应变曲线的波动部分和压实部分,正弦正切函数组合构建瓦楞纸板本构方程,利用参数识别软件得到瓦楞纸板本构模型中的参数.结果 实验结果得出,应力-应变曲线与理论应力-应变曲线的平均相对误差均小于5％.结论 本构模型中的参数比现有文献中的本构参数数量少,利用软件能简化本构模型参数识别过程,提高了计算效率.参数识别软件的运用为瓦楞纸板力学应用提供了方便.     

Limitations of the constitutive equation of a simple elastic solid

Summary The constitutive equation of a simple, isotropic elastic solid can be arranged in such a form as to give rise to a fundamental identity between Lode's stress parameter and a corresponding deformation parameter. Using the concept of a stress intensity function, it is shown that at initial yield the constitutive equation of a simple, isotropic elastic solid satisfies only the von Mises yield criterion. A general form for the deformation response coefficients is obtained by way of the concept of a deformation intensity function. In general, there are two broad classes of deformation intensity function, defined in terms of whether the deformation intensity function is continuously differentiable or whether it is piece-wise linear and continuous. Use of the fundamental identity between Lode's stress parameter and the corresponding deformation parameter leads to the conclusion that the constitutive equation of the simple, isotropic elastic solid is incompatible with any form of piece-wise linear deformation intensity function. The stretching tensor has been expressed in terms of the co-rotational and convected time derivatives of the left Cauchy-Green deformation tensor and its inverse. This form of the stretching tensor is entered into a particular form of constitutive equation of the rate-type for a simple, isotropic elastic solid. By considering infinitesimal deformations from an arbitrary configuration, the constitutive equation of the rate-type is reduced to a constitutive equation of the incremental-type. In a similar way, an incremental-type constitutive equation is obtained from the constitutive equation of a simple, isotropic elastic solid. Comparison of these two incremental-type constitutive equations leads to the identification of a particular form for the material response coefficients associated with the constitutive equation of a simple elastic solid. Further limitations of the constitutive equation of a simple, isotropic elastic solid are considered in the context of two simple modes of deformation.     

Constitutive equation for a class of non-simple elastic materials

Summary Initial yield is the upper limit of the purely elastic deformation behaviour of an elasticplastic solid. Thus the choice of the constitutive equation describing the purely elastic deformation behaviour determines the initial yield function. The constitutive equation of a simple elastic material is only compatible with von Mises yield criterion, a conclusion which applies also to the classical infinitesimal theory. A more general form of constitutive equation for an elastic material is formulated by way of the concept of a stress loading function, the proposed constitutive equation being quadratic in the stress. The two loading coefficients associated with the stress loading function are assumed to be deriveable from a generalised isotropic yield criterion which is now assumed to hold over the entire range of deformation, and in this context is referred to as the stress intensity function. The proposed constitutive equation has the same representation in terms of the left Cauchy-Green deformation tensor as that for a simple elastic material. Using the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, this representation is rearranged and expressed in terms of a measure of finite strain which is defined to be one quarter of the difference between the left Cauchy-Green deformation tensor and its inverse. In this way the strain properties of the proposed constitutive equation are formulated by way of the concept of a strain response function. The three response coefficients associated with the strain response function are assumed to be deriveable from a generalised, isotropic, strain intensity function. The predictions of the proposed constitutive equation are considered in the context of the combined stressing of a thin sheet of incompressible material. In this way, it is shown that the proposed constitutive equation is not limited in the same way as the constitutive equation of a simple elastic material.     

Micromechanical modelling of viscous sintering and a constitutive equation with sintering stress

The sintering stress is defined for viscous sintering, where the deformation of particles takes place, and its magnitude is computed by the viscoplastic finite element method using a micromechanical model. The computed sintering stress is compared with existing models for other sintering mechanisms. Although modelling of the sintering process is different, a similar tendency of the change in sintering stress with densification is observed. The influence of the sintering mechanism on the sintering stress is discussed. A constitutive law is developed by introducing the sintering stress, approximated by a simple equation, into the constitutive equation for viscous porous materials and applied to the sintering of polycrystalline materials. Grain boundary diffusion and grain growth are taken into consideration through the viscosity in the constitutive equation. The sintering curve calculated by the constitutive equation shows good agreement with the experimental data.     

34Cr2Ni2Mo 合金结构钢热本构方程研究

目的基于实测的流动应力曲线,构建可用于热成形模拟的34Cr2Ni2Mo合金结构钢高精度本构方程。方法采用热模拟试验测试该材料的流动应力曲线,在动态再结晶的条件下,构建了基于物理机制的热本构方程,通过曲线拟合获得了本构方程参数。结果热模拟试验测试的流动应力曲线具有明显的动态再结晶现象,构建的本构方程包括流动应力、屈服/饱和/临界/稳态应力、发生50%再结晶的时间等内变量计算方程,在参数拟合后对其误差分析表明,本构方程计算的流动应力偏差控制在±15 MPa以内。结论 34Cr2Ni2Mo合金结构钢本构方程能够较为准确的描述该钢在热成形过程的流动应力变化特征,具有较强的数值稳定性和外延拓展性。     

Plasticity of compressible/dilatant rocklike materials

An elastic/plastic constitutive equation is proposed for porous solid materials such as rocks, porous metals, etc. The aim is to describe, with a general constitutive equation, such typical phenomena for these materials as volume compressibility and dilatancy. The starting points are the experimental data obtained in triaxial tests and in uniaxial confined compressibility tests. It is shown how this constitutive equation can actually be determined. The concept of a dilatancy threshold boundary is introduced by a mathematical definition, as are the concepts of compressibility and dilatancy. A numerical example is given for granite.     

复合材料蠕变本构关系及实验测定Ⅱ实验测定

在前一部分,本文得到复合材料蠕变的本构关系,在此基础上,本文进一步分析了复合材料蠕变本构关系的具体形式,实验测得了长纤维增强复合材料在蠕变、恢复两个阶段的应变,以用来确定本构关系中的待定参数,考虑到本构关系为复杂的非线性方程,本文提出了用离散变量和最小二乘法联合的方法确定参数,进而拟合蠕变本构关系的理论公式,分离出了蠕变过程中的弹性变形、粘弹性变形和粘塑性变形,对本构关系中的几个参函数,本文根据有限的实验数据拟合了其函数。      

半固态流变行为模型及应用

半固态成形是21世纪最具潜力的先进制造技术之一.分析了国内外半固态变形行为研究进展,重点阐述了近似单相本构关系模型、两相本构关系模型、宏观-微观耦合本构关系模型的特点及应用,特别是笔者提出的宏观-微观耦合本构关系模型反映了工艺参数和微观组织参数对半固态流变应力的影响.同时,笔者将新型宏观-微观耦合本构关系模型应用于Al-4Cu-Mg合金半固态反挤压过程的有限元数值模拟,获得了工艺参数对应力应变、温度、晶粒尺寸、液相体分数和挤压载荷等的影响规律,数值模拟结果与半固态实验结果基本一致.     

复合材料蠕变本构关系及实验测定 Ⅱ实验测定

在前一部分,本文得到复合材料蠕变的本构关系,在此基础上,本文进一步分析了复合材料蠕变本构关系的具体形式,实验测得了长纤维增强复合材料在蠕变、恢复两个阶段的应变,以用来确定本构关系中的待定参数,考虑到本构关系为复杂的非线性方程,本文提出了用离散变量和最小二乘法联合的方法确定参数,进而拟合蠕变本构关系的理论公式,分离出了蠕变过程中的弹性变形、粘弹性变形和粘塑性变形,对本构关系中的几个参函数,本文根据有限的实验数据拟合了其函数.     

考虑体积塑性应变的岩石损伤本构模型研究

采用Eshelby等效夹杂方法建立岩石弹塑性损伤本构模型是一种有效方法,但相关文献目前还极少。在连续介质损伤力学框架内利用细观力学的Eshelby等效夹杂方法建立了考虑损伤相塑性体积变形的岩石的Helmholtz自由比能函数。利用连续介质损伤力学方法推导出了考虑损伤相塑性变形的岩石损伤本构关系,给出了损伤演化方程和塑性应变发展方程。并通过数值模拟证实该模型能够反映岩石体积塑性应变、损伤的变化规律和损伤部分不能承受拉应力等力学特性。