Eu~(3+)掺杂RE_2Sn_2O_7(RE=La,Gd,Y)纳米荧光材料的水热合成与发光性能

采用水热法合成Eu3+掺杂的RE2Sn2O7(RE=La,Gd,Y)系列样品,并采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和荧光光谱对合成产物的晶体结构、颗粒尺寸、形貌和光学性能进行研究。结果表明:水热合成产物为单一相烧绿石结构的RE2Sn2O7:Eu3+(RE=La,Gd,Y),产物具有由一次纳米颗粒团聚而成的不规则球状形貌。激发光谱和发射光谱测试结果表明:Eu3+掺杂RE2Sn2O7(RE=La,Gd,Y)样品可以被紫外光有效地激发,发射出Eu3+离子特征的橙红色光。与其他样品相比,Gd2Sn2O7:Eu3+样品具有最强的橙红色发光,并对其原因进行了分析。     

白光LED用新型Eu或Gd共掺杂的Ce:YAG单晶荧光材料的光谱性能研究

开展了白光LED用新型YAG单晶荧光材料的制备和光谱性能研究,采用提拉法生长Eu,Ce:YAG及Gd,Ce:YAG晶体,并通过吸收光谱,激发、发射光谱及电光性能等对晶体材料的光谱特性进行表征。结果表明,Eu或Gd共掺杂的Ce:YAG单晶荧光材料均可以被波长460nm左右的蓝光芯片有效激发,产生一个范围为480～650nm的宽峰发射。Eu3+或Gd3+共掺杂会对Ce3+离子的发光产生影响:Eu3+离子的掺杂,会对Ce3+离子的发光产生淬灭效应;而Gd3+离子取代基质Y3+离子可以使Ce3+离子的发射峰发生红移。     

溶剂热-溶胶凝胶两步法合成(Y,Gd)(P,V)O_4:Eu~(3+),Bi~(3+)荧光粉及其发光研究

采用溶剂热-溶胶凝胶两步法合成了(Y1-z,Gd z)1-x-y(P z,V1-z)O4:x Eu3+,yBi3+系列红色荧光粉。用XRD、SEM和荧光分光光度计,对试样的晶体结构、表面形貌及发光性能进行了表征。结果表明:样品为四方晶系,掺杂离子的加入对基质晶体结构影响不大;样品形貌均一,呈短杆状或椭圆状;激发光谱由位于250~400 nm的O2--V5+带和Eu3+-O2-带组成;最强发射峰位于619 nm,归属于Eu3+的5D0→7F2特征跃迁发射;Eu3+的最佳掺杂量为5 mol%(x=0.05);掺杂Bi3+、Gd3+、P5+后,样品发射强度得到显著提高,Bi3+的掺杂还会使激发带红移至400 nm。说明这类荧光粉是可用于近紫外芯片激发的白光LED用红色荧光粉。     

白光LED用新型红色荧光粉SrMgSi2O6:Eu3+, M(M=Gd3+, Ti4+)的合成及性质

以Na2CO3为电荷补偿剂,采用凝胶-燃烧法合成新型红色硅酸盐发光材料SrMgSi2O6:Eu3+。用X射线粉末衍射仪、荧光分光光度计等对合成产物进行分析和表征。结果表明：SrMgSi2O6:Eu3+ 的晶体结构与Sr2MgSi2O7相同,同属四方晶系。样品SrMgSi2O6:Eu3+的激发光谱在220～300 nm出现一宽带吸收,归属于O2--Eu3+之间的电荷迁移,300 nm以后出现的锐线峰为Eu3+的f-f跃迁吸收峰,其最强锐线峰位于400 nm,因而,可以被InGaN管芯产生的紫外辐射有效激发。发射光谱由两个强发射峰组成,位于592和618 nm处,分别属于典型的Eu3+的5D0→7F1和5D0→7F2跃迁。此外,研究发现：共掺Gd3+或Ti4+均能敏化Eu3+的发光,可有效提高样品的红光发射。因此,SrMgSi2O6:Eu3+, M(M=Gd3+, Ti4+)有望成为一种与InGaN管芯匹配的白光LED用红色荧光粉     

掺杂离子对Gd2O2S:Eu3+磷光体结构和发光性能的影响

采用高温固相反应法制备出新型红色长余辉发光材料Gd2O2S:Eu3+,Xn+(X为Mg、Si、Ti中的一种或两种),研究掺杂离子对Gd2O2S:Eu3+磷光体的晶体结构、形貌粒度和发光性能的影响。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和分光光度计等对合成产物进行分析与表征。结果表明:掺杂离子没有改变Gd2O2S:Eu3+磷光体的晶体结构,颗粒的形貌为类球形,分散性良好。同时,掺杂离子显著地延长发光材料Gd2O2S:Eu3+的余辉时间,并显示纯正的红色发光。     

Gd1-xAlO3：Eux^3＋梯度材料芯片制备及发光性能

将组合材料芯片技术中梯度组合法应用于新型发光材料Gd1-xAlO3：Eux^3＋（发光峰丰峰位置为615nm，对应Eu^5D0→^7F2电子跃迁）的激活剂掺杂晕优化。获得如下的研究结果：在紫外激发T（254nm）Gd1-xAlO3：Eux^3＋材料中的x值为0．09；Pr共掺杂时会降低发光强度（n（Pr）：n（Eu）〈1：10）。光谱分析表明：Pr，Eu间卢子支持的共振能量传递，是Pr降低Gd1-xAlO3：Eux^3＋（简写为：GAP：Eu）发光强度的丰要原因。优化的结果与柠檬酸盐硝酸盐溶胶凝胶法制备粉体掺杂萤优化实验结果一致。实验结果表明组合法在发光材料开发中具有高效性。     

Y3Al5O12:Eu3+在紫外区域发光特性的研究

以金属硝酸盐和稀土氧化物为初始原料,柠檬酸为配位剂,采用柠檬酸-凝胶法在1000℃下制备了结晶性较好的掺杂三价铕离子的钇铝石榴石红色荧光粉,该方法比普通固相反应的烧结温度降低了约450℃。X射线衍射结果表明,合成的样品具有Y3Al5O12立方晶系晶体结构,Y3-x Eux Al5O12(0.025≤x≤0.15)的晶格参数a随x的增大而增大。通过对掺杂Y3-x Eux Al5O12(0.025≤x≤0.15)材料的激发和发射光谱研究,发现其最有效激发波长为位于240 nm左右的宽吸收带,归属于Eu3+→O2-的电荷转移跃迁(CTS),最强发射峰波长为590 nm,对应于Eu3+的5D0→7F1跃迁。柠檬酸凝胶法制备样品与固相法制备样品相比较,其发射强度较低,但红橙比较大,色纯度好。     

柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备Nd、Yb:GGG纳米多晶粉体

以Nd2O3、Yb2O3、Gd2O3和Ga2O3为原料,采用柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备了Nd3xYb3yGd(3-3x-3y)Ga5O12(Nd、Yb:GGG)纳米多晶粉体。利用XRD、IR、SEM及荧光光谱研究了Nd、Yb:GGG纳米多晶粉体的相组成及荧光性能。XRD测试结果表明,粉体在未煅烧时已结晶,煅烧温度为700℃时粉体已形成Nd、Yb:GGG纯相;SEM观察发现,Nd、Yb:GGG纳米多晶粉体粒度约为50nm,粒径均匀,分散性较好。荧光光谱测试结果表明,Nd、Yb:GGG纳米多晶粉体最强发射峰在1030nm,是Yb3+的2F5/2-2F7/2谱项导致的荧光发射,未发现Nd3+的荧光发射峰,说明Nd3+将吸收的能量传递给了Yb3+。     

黄色发光材料Gd2O3:Dy3+的水热法合成及发光性能

以尿素为沉淀剂,采用水热方法制备Gd2O3:Dy3+黄色发光粉。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜以及荧光分光光度计对水热前驱体及目标产物进行分析表征。结果表明:水热前驱体为水合碳酸钆,经900℃焙烧后得到纯立方相的Gd2O3:Dy3+。其微观形貌为针状结构,长度约为10～200μm。Gd2O3:Dy3+的激发光谱由峰值为239,279,314,353nm的一系列激发峰组成,最强峰位于279nm处;发射光谱主要由两部分组成,分别为460～500nm的蓝光和560～590nm的黄绿光的发射峰(带),最强峰位于573nm处,归属为Dy3+的4F9/2-6H13/2跃迁。Dy3+的掺杂浓度对Gd2O3:Dy3+的发光强度有着重要的影响,发光强度随着Dy3+掺杂量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,掺杂浓度为0.8%时发光强度最大,其浓度猝灭主要是由电偶极-电偶极相互作用所致。     

掺杂的SrAl2O4:Eux2+,Dyy3+长余辉粉的合成、表征及发光性质

采用自蔓延高温合成法制备了组成为SrAl2O4:Eu2+x,Dy3+y的2组(x:y=1:1,x:y=1:2)12种铝酸锶长余辉发光粉,测试结果表明,组成为SrAl2O4:Eu2+0.0125,Dy3+0.0125的发光亮度最好。以上述配比为依据,又分别引入了可以用于制备荧光材料的阳离子Li+、Be2+,以及既可以用于制备荧光材料也可以用于制备自激活荧光材料的阳离子Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+,共制得5个系列22种铝酸锶(SrAl2O4)长余辉发光粉。Zn2+0.0125的掺杂使得SrAl2O4:Eu2+0.0125,Dy3+0.0125的余辉亮度得到大幅度提高,而且SrAl2O4:Eu2+0.0125,Dy3+0.0125,Zn2+0.0125的衰减速度也明显慢于SrAl2O4:Eu2+0.0125,Dy3+0.0125。X射线衍射结果表明,掺杂少量稀土离子(Eu2+和Dy3+)不会改变SrAl2O4基质的晶体结构。另外,透射电镜分析和粒度分布结果表明,产物为疏松多孔的蘑菇云状固体,粒度在10μm左右。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。