含稀土硅化铁热电材料的电学性能初探

采用悬浮真空熔炼和800℃,168h真空退火方法制备了含稀土Sm的FeSi2基金属硅化物,并对其晶体结构、See-beck系数、电阻率进行了初步研究。实验发现,名义组成为Fe0.6Sm0.4Si2的试样的热电功率因子从室温时的0.26×10-4W·m-1K-2随温度上升到500℃时的1.6×10-4W·m-1K-2,比不含Sm或含Sm量很少的对比试样高一个数量级左右。其原因被认为是由于Sm的外层4f电子的贡献。     

镍铁尖晶石基金属陶瓷惰性阳极的研制

采用热压烧结的方法制备了镍铁尖晶石基金属陶瓷试样,用于铝电解的惰性阳极。实验制得了相对密度大于98%的阳极试样,并研究了试样的导电性能和抗电解质腐蚀性能。结果表明,所得的阳极试样的电导率随温度的升高而增大,在900℃时电导率在40Ω-1·cm-1~60Ω-1·cm-1之间。在电解过程中,阳极电压降平稳(2.8V~3.2V),表明阳极的电阻在电解过程中没有明显变化,导电性能稳定。用反电动势法测量电解反应的分解电压为2.2V~2.5V,表明电解反应为2Al2O3=4Al+3O2,电极呈现良好的惰性。电子显微分析表明,试样抗冰晶石-氧化铝熔盐腐蚀的性能良好,电解质通过对Fe2O3的溶解来腐蚀阳极。     

Fe－Co－Si－Cu热电材料的输运特性

采用真空悬浮熔炼和真空退火方法制备了Fe1-xCoxSi2-0．1at％Cu热电材料。试样的微观组织中包含大量尺寸在1μm左右的小孔和一些裂纹。输运特性测量结果表明，550K时掺杂载流子的热激发达到饱和，700K以上发生本征激发现象。实验发现Co的最佳掺杂量为lat％左右，名义组成为Fe0.97Co0.03Si2-0．1at％Cu的试样的热电性能最好。     

四元Mg2Si0.27Ge0.05Sn0.65Sb0.03固溶体的热电性能

通过氧化硼助熔剂法和放电等离子烧结技术制备了Mg_2(1+x)Si_0.27Ge_0.05Sn_0.65Sb_0.03 (x = 0.05, 0.08)四元固溶体热电材料。测量了在300 K - 800 K 的温度区间内测试了所有四元固溶体试样的塞贝克系数、电导率和热导率。研究结果表明随着温度的升高电导率单调降低而塞贝克系数单调升高,所有样品的晶格热导率明显高于通过Abeles模型计算所得到的理论值。最高无量纲热电优值出现在x=0.08样品中,在800 K时达到最高值1.0.     

Al-22Si-3Fe-1.8Mn合金中的四元富铁相研究

利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜(带EDS)和金相显微镜对Al-22Si-3Fe-1.8Mn合金进行研究.结果表明:在铸态试样中存在晶体结构分别与Al8Fe2Si、Al9Fe2Si2和Al3FeSi2晶体结构相同的三种四元富铁相,并确定了其中两种相的化学式分别为Al12Si2Fe2Mn、AL42.5Si11Fe4.7Mn.通过萃取态试样确定了另一种富铁相的化学式为Al15.97Sil4.8.82Fe4.24Mn,并且该相为Al-22Si-3Fe-1.8Mn合金中最先析出的高温相.     

溶剂热合成Bi2Te3基合金的结构与电学性能

用溶剂热法合成了二元Bi2Te3和三元Bi1.3Sn0.7Te3合金纳米粉末,并采用热压技术制备了块状热电材料.XRD分析结果表明:Bi-Sn-Te三元固溶体合金可以直接通过溶剂热合成获得单相产物,而非掺杂Bi2Te3合金需要通过热压等后热处理来实现产物的单一化;热压过程有助于促进反应的完全和晶型的完整,但会导致晶粒的长大.对试样电导率σ和Seebeck系数α的测量结果显示,Bi-Sn-Te三元固溶体合金比二元Bi-Te合金具有更好的电学性能.     

Fe—Sm—Si热电合金的电学特性

采用悬浮熔炼法制备了Fe-Sm-Si热电合金材料,并研究了其电学输运特性。实验表明:在Fe1-xSmxSi2合金中,Sm为n型掺杂元素,Sm轻掺杂时,试样仍为p型,随着Sm量的增加,试样的Seebeck系数和功率因子都降低;Sm含量x 0.4的高Sm硅化物试样为n型,其中,热电性能最好的试样成分为Fe0.6Sm0.4Si2,其电阻率在10-5W穖数量级,而Seebeck系数仍达到80 mV稫-1左右。其机理被认为是由于Sm的4f层电子的贡献。     

EVAPORATION BEHAVIOUR OF ELEMENTS DURINGVAR WITH LARGE SECTION CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE OF ALLOY A-286

研究了直径为410mm的A-286合金自耗电极真空电弧重熔过程的熔化特征及电极端部不同区域内Mn的分布,发现Mn挥发主要发生于电极端部熔滴形成阶段。Mn含量在金属液层内部分布均匀,接近于挥发反应的平衡值;在液固两相区内,从金属液层内表面至电极原始区Mn含量呈直线增加。可以认为,Mn挥发过程受控于Mn原子在液固两相区内的迁移速度。重熔锭中Mn含量[Mn]_l=[Mn]_eexp(-K_1·nA_d·γ·W~(-1))+[Mn]_f[1-exp(-K_l·nA_d·γ·W~(-1))],显然,可通过控制电极Mn含量[Mn]_e及熔化速率W来控制[Mn]_l。此外,对粘附于结晶器壁的挥发凝聚层进行了成分分析,发现凝聚层由Mn,Cr,Fe,Ni组成,Mn含量大于40％,而挥发物质Cr,Fe及Ni在合金重熔前后的重量百分浓度基本不变。     

铸造铝硅合金中Fe相去除的研究

研究了添加Mn对Al-Si共晶合金(ADCl2)中Fe相形貌的影响,并研究了加Mn及合金重力沉降联合作用对去除铝硅铁相以及采用电磁搅拌分离Fe的效果.实验发现,铝硅中添加Mn使针状β-铁相逐渐向骨骼状、汉字状及块状转变,减小了针状β-铁相的割裂作用,改善了合金的力学性能.无Mn合金熔体,在620℃进行重力沉降的效果很小,而加Mn使Mn/Fe比为1时,富铁相重力沉降效果较明显,试样中部和上部的含Fe量明显减少.并且在620℃进行重力沉降的有效时间在30～240min之间.当对熔融合金进行电磁充分搅拌处理时,铸件内部的Fe发生定向迁移,铸件心部的Fe含量降低,利于Fe的去除.     

热压烧结Ti3AlC2材料的制备、结构与性能研究

采用热压工艺研究了不同工艺制度和原料中不同的Si含量对Ti3AlC2合成的影响.研究表明在1 300℃～1 500℃,30MPa压力和Ar气氛中热压摩尔比为n(TiC)n(Ti)n(Al)n(Si)=2110.2的混合粉末,可以得到纯度达98%(质量分数)以上的致密块体Ti3AlC2材料;添加的Si均匀分布在基体中,形成固溶体,当添加Si的摩尔比为0.2时,固溶体的化学式为Ti2 76Al0 78Si0.22C2.烧结试样的晶体为层片状结构,1 300℃和1 400℃时,烧结试样的晶粒尺寸分别为10μm～15μm和20μm～30μm.材料的维氏硬度为3.3 GPa～5.0 GPa,弹性模量为289 GPa,抗压强度为785 MPa,抗弯强度为375 MPa,断裂韧性为7.0 MPa·m1/2;25℃时,电导率为3.1×106 S·m-1,热容为125.4 J/mol·K,热导率为27.5 W/m·K;热膨胀系数为8.8×10-6 K-1.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.