热塑性弹性体TPU增韧尼龙1010共混物的力学性能及形貌

分别以聚醚型和聚酯型热塑性弹性体（TPU）为增韧剂，以尼龙1010（PA1010）为基体，用德国HaaKePTW16／25p型双螺杆挤出机制备了PA1010／TPU增韧尼龙材料，研究了增韧尼龙材料的力学性能及相结构。结果表明：增韧尼龙材料的冲击强度得到显著的提高，聚酯型TPU的增韧效果优于聚醚型TPU的。SEM观察表明，聚醚型和聚酯型TPU均以较均匀的球状粒子分散于PA1010基体中，冲击断面有纤维化现象、呈多层断裂和粘连多层膜的形成。PA1010／TPU共混物的冲击强度随TPU含量的增加而增加，但考虑到在提高共混物冲击强度的同时也要保证增韧材料有足够的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率，TPU含量为15％（wt）的共混物具有较好的综合性能。     

PBT/HDPE和PBT/HDPE-g-MAH共混体系形态和性能研究

通过熔融共混制备了聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯／马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯(PBT／HDPE-g-MAH)和PBT／HDPE共混物,研究了共混体系的力学性能、相形态、熔融结晶行为和加工性能。结果表明,单纯加入HDPE对PBT的增韧效果并不理想,而加入HDPE-g-MAH可以提高PBT的冲击强度;HDPE-g-MAH可以改善共混体系的相形态,提高共混体系的相容性,有利于共混物性能的提高。     

PA1010/TPU共混物流变性能的研究

以尼龙1010(PA1010)为基体，以聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)为增韧剂，采用Haake PTW16／25p型双螺杆挤出机制备了PA1010／TPU共混增韧尼龙材料。测试了PA1010／TPU共混物的表观粘度、非牛顿指数等流变参数，并重点讨论了其流变性能。实验结果表明：共混物熔体的表现粘度随剪切速率的增大而降低，非牛顿指数小于1，符合假塑性流体流动规律。此外共混物的表观粘度随着组成和温度的变化呈现了一种极为特殊的变化行为。即在相同温度下，共混物的表观粘度随着TPU含量增加而增加；在相同组成下，共混物的表观粘度随着温度升高而升高。     

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的增硬与耐水性

用功能化聚乙烯(FPE)与热塑性聚氯酶弹性体(TPU)共混制备了TPU／FPE共混物，测试了共混物的主要物理机械性能、吸水率和耐水解老化性能。结果表明，FPE与TPU之间有较好的相容性，在FPE的质量分数为15％时，TPU／FPE共混物邵尔A型硬度显著提高，有利于挤出造粒；试样300％定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度比纯TPU都有一定的提高，而吸水率下降，耐水解性明显提高。     

POE熔融接枝GMA的制备及其与PBT共混增韧

在双螺杆挤出机上采用熔融接枝法制备了POE-g-GMA和POE-g-(GMA-co-St),考察了POE、POE-g-GMA和POE-g-(GMA-co-St)对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)的增韧作用.结果表明POE和单组分接枝的POE-g-GMA对PBT的缺口冲击韧性的改善作用都不大;而双组分接枝的POE-g-(GMA-co-St)对PBT具有显著的增韧作用.当弹性体POE-g-(GMA-co-St)用量为15%时,共混物的缺口冲击强度为45.84 kJ/m2,是缺口冲击强度为1.28 kJ/m2的纯PBT的35倍多.SEM显示,PBT/POE-g-(GMA-co-St)共混体系中分散相比PBT/POE-g-GMA共混体系的分散相具有更好的分散性.同时对比了几种外来增韧剂对PBT性能的影响.     

M－POE－g－MAH增韧PBT的力学性能和形貌

研究了一种新型增韧剂(M—POE-g-MAH)对PBT树脂的增韧效果。与传统的纯POE-g-MAH增韧剂(POE-g-MAH)进行对比，考察了增韧剂的组成、用量对共混物力学性能的不同影响，并结合共混物的室温缺口冲击断面SEM照片，分析了共混物发生脆韧转变所对应的微观形貌特征。实验结果表明，在M-POE-g-MAH／PBT共混体系中，POE-g-MAH用量占体系10％左右时共混物发生明显的脆韧转变，而在传统的纯POE-g-MAH／PBT共混体系中，POE-g-MAH用量为15％左右才使共混物发生脆韧转变。M-POE-g-MAH增韧PBT在性能和成本上具有较大的优势，所得共混物产品的性价比较高。     

聚氨酯弹性体增韧聚甲醛改性研究

利用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚甲醛(POM)/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)共混物,研究了共混物的流动性能、力学性能及熔融结晶行为。结果表明,两种TPU对POM均有明显的增韧效果,TPU1的增韧效果更好,当POM/TPU1的比例为100/18时,共混物的冲击强度提高了115%。     

环氧官能化(乙烯/辛烯)共聚物增韧PBT的研究

利用双螺杆挤出机将对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)分别与(乙烯／辛烯)共聚物(POE)及环氧官能化的POE(gPOE)熔融共混,对共混物的流变性能、相形态、断裂形貌和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,gPOE的环氧官能团与PBT的端羧基或端羟基发生化学反应生成PBT—CO—POE共聚物,降低了PBT与POE之间的界面张力,使POE在PBT基体中分散均匀;与PBT／POE共混物相比,PBT／gPOE共混物呈现明显的韧性断裂特征;gPOE的引入显著提高了PBT的缺口冲击强度,成功实现了对PBT的增韧。     

ACR-g-GMA的制备及对PBT的增韧

要采用乳液聚合方法合成了以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为橡胶相内核,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为壳层,并在壳层接枝甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)的核壳结构聚合物(AcR-g-GMA)。用其增韧聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),制备PBT/ACR-g-GMA合金。用傅立叶变换红外光谱考察接枝聚合物的环氧基团;用电子显微镜观察共混物中粒子分布的微观形态;测试了共混物的力学性能。结果表明:采用乳液聚舍方法能够将GMA接枝到ACR上,GMA可以增强两相间的界面结合力,ACR-g-GMA粒子能有效地增韧PBT。当ACR-g-GMA粒子中GMA的质量分数为3%,m(PBT)/m(ACR-g-GMA)为80/20时,共混物的缺口冲击强度可高达389 J/m。     

环氧官能化ABS增韧PBT及其共混物

合成了甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)接枝的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS-g-GMA)核壳粒子增韧聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),加入环氧树脂(Epoxy)为扩链剂进一步提高共混物的性能。红外光谱(FTIR)结果表明:GMA成功接枝到ABS粒子上;研究发现不同GMA含量的ABS-g-GMA粒子在PBT及PBT/Epoxy共混物中均匀分散;ABS-g-GMA对PBT增韧效果较好,Epoxy进一步提高了PBT/ABS-g-GMA共混物的冲击韧性及拉伸强度;ABS-g-GMA增韧PBT的机理是橡胶粒子的空洞化和PBT基体的剪切屈服。     

PBT/PC/E-MA-GMA三元共混体系的力学性能与亚微相态

将乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(E-MA-GMA)三元共聚物与聚碳酸酯(PC)增韧聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT),研究了其力学性能、亚微相态和强韧化机制。结果表明,当m(PBT)／m(PC)为50:50,三元共混体系在w(E-MA-GMA)为10％时,缺口冲击强度达93 kJ／m2,同时拉伸强度达到54 MPa。扫描电子显微镜观察发现,E- MA-GMA作为柔性界面层,起到反应性增容作用,使PC分散相的相畴尺寸变小。PC相特有的相形态以及柔性界面层的存在是三元共混体系强韧化的主要机制。     

热塑性聚氨酯对膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯的增容作用

热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）含有氨基甲酸酯链段,该结构有利于受热成炭,提高阻燃性能,又可以通过超分子间力与膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）作用,而TPU的软段与聚丙烯（PP）结构相似,因此可作为PP/IFR体系的增容剂.力学性能和阻燃性能测试表明,3%TPU的加入,使材料的拉伸和冲击性能分别提高了9.8%和16.6%,离火自熄时间由45s降低到25 s;在TPU添加量为4%时,材料的冲击性能提高显著,已经达到纯PP的水平.流变性能测试结果表明,在测试温度下,由于TPU软化点较低,而IFR中季戊四醇（PT）又处于熔化状态,加入TPU和IFR使粘度降低,但加入量增加到5%时,体系粘度增大,说明TPU对体系起到了增容作用.SEM微观形态分析表明,随TPU含量增大,IFR与PP界面作用力增强,断裂由发生在IFR与PP的界面,变为发生在底材内部,说明TPU对体系起到了增容的作用.事实证明TPU是PP/IFR共混体系有效的增容剂.     

Morphology and properties of blends with different thermoplastic polyurethanes and polyolefines

Unmodified blends of two thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) and six polyolefines were used to study the influence of the component viscosities on the blend morphology and mechanical properties. Blends were produced by melt mixing using a twin screw extruder. Interactions between the blend components could not be detected by DSC, DMA, selective extraction, and SEM micrographs of cryofractures. The variation in tensile strength with blend composition produce a U-shaped curve with the minimum between 40 and 60 wt % of polyolefine. At similar viscosity ratios (η_d/η_m), blends with polyether based TPU (TPU-eth) have a finer morphology than blends with polyester based TPU (TPU-est). This is due to the lower surface free energy of the polyether soft segments compared to the polyester soft segments. Different morphologies also lead to changes in mechanical behavior. Blends with TPU-eth show a lower decrease in tensile strength with blend composition than blends with TPU-est. The viscosity ratio between TPU and polyolefines can be directly correlated to the blend morphology obtained under similar blending conditions. TPU/PE blends show a lower dispersity than TPU/PP blends, due to the higher viscosity ratios of TPU/PE blends. This results in a greater reduction in tensile strength with the disperse phase content. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 749–762, 1997     

Interfacial reaction and its influence on phase morphology and impact properties of modified‐polyacetal/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

The cationic polymerization of 1,3,5‐trioxane, 1,3‐dioxolane and a small amount of 2‐hydroxyacetic acid (HAA) was carried out, and the resulting modified‐polyacetal (POM) was blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in melt. The results of ¹H NMR analysis indicated that HAA was almost incorporated in the modified‐POM, and that the resulting carboxyl end‐group and hydroxyl end‐group in the modified‐POM reacted with TPU during the melt blending. There were many boundary layers between the cavities and matrix in the modified‐POM/TPU (82/18 by weight) blend that was etched with tetrahydrofuran (THF), and the diameter of the cavities became ～0.3–1 μm long when the blending time reached 10 min. The results of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the modified‐POM/TPU blend had a good compatibility because of the interfacial reaction between the modified‐POM and TPU phase in the blend. The modified‐POM/TPU blend exhibited higher Charpy impact strength when compared with a normal‐POM/TPU blend; the toughness of the modified‐POM/TPU blend attributed to the good compatibility between the two phases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4375–4382, 2006     

增韧PC/聚酯合金研究

对增韧聚碳酸酯(PC)/聚酯[聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)]合金进行了研究,结合合金的相形貌结果,分别选择PC和聚酯是连续相的合金进行了研究,同时对比了相同树脂比例下PC/PET和PC/PBT之间性能的差别。增韧剂选择甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)或MBS和接枝环氧基团的丙烯酸酯类增韧剂(X-GM A)复配物。结果表明,使用相同的增韧剂,PC是连续相的情况下,冲击强度更高,相同树脂比例情况下,PC/PET合金冲击强度比PC/PBT的差,拉伸和弯曲强度相差不大,PC/PET合金的熔体稳定性能比PC/PBT的差,PC是连续相合金的熔体稳定性比聚酯是连续相的要好,含有X-GMA的合金熔体稳定性能更好,这些结果和酯基的热分解、PET分子链运动活性比PBT的差以及酯交换程度的差异等有直接的关联。     

Effects of compatibilizer and testing speed on the mechanical and morphology behaviors of co‐continuous amorphous copolyester‐polyoxymethylene blends

Co‐continuous amorphous copolyester (PETG)/polyoxymethylene (POM) (50/50 wt%/wt%) blends were prepared using a twin screw extruder followed compression molding. Two types of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) (i.e., polyester‐based and polyether‐based) were used to compatibilize the blends system. The thermal properties were characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties of the co‐continuous PETG/POM blends were studies through flexural and single‐edge notch tensile test (SEN‐T). The SEN‐T test was performed at three different testing speeds; 1, 100, and 500 mm/min. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to access the fracture surface morphology. The flexural strength of the PETG/POM blends was decreased in the presence of TPU. This was attributed to the elastomeric nature of the TPU. The compatibilizing effects of TPU on the PETG/POM blends were proven by moderate improvement in the fracture toughness and confirmed by the SEM observation. The SEN‐T fractured surface of the compatibilized blends showed gross matrix shear yielding as compared to the uncompatibilized system. The K_c values of the PETG/POM blends decreased as the testing speed increased. The optimum toughening effect was observed in PETG/POM blends compatibilized with polyether‐based TPU at testing speed of 100 mm/min. The polyether‐based TPU is a more efficient compatibilizer, because the amount required is one‐half that of the polyester‐based counterpart to achieve the same K_c value. This was attributed to the elastomeric nature of the polyether‐based TPU. The softer nature of polyether‐based TPU could provide better toughening effect than the polyester‐based TPU, which is relatively harder in nature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:710–719, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

POE及POE-g-(GMA-co-St)增韧PBT的制备与性能研究

分别采用POE和POE-g-(GMA-co-St)对PBT进行增韧,制备了PBT/POE和PBT/POE-g-(GMA-co-St)体系。研究了POE和POE-g-(GMA-co-St)对改性PBT力学性能的影响,并利用TEM对其相结构进行了表征。结果表明:与POE相比,POE-g-(GMA-co-St)对PBT的增韧效果明显。当POE-g-(GMA-co-St)用量为15份时,改性PBT的缺口冲击强度为29.21kJ/m2,分别是纯PBT和PBT/POE体系的约4倍和3倍,且拉伸强度和弯曲强度下降幅度较小。POE-g-(GMA-co-St)在PBT基体中分散尺寸小且分布均匀,两者具有良好的相容性。     

Rheological behavior of polyester blend and mechanical properties of the polypropylene–polyester blend fibers

The article deals with method of preparation, rheological properties, phase structure, and morphology of binary blend of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and ternary blends of polypropylene (PP)/(PET/PBT). The ternary blend of PET/PBT (PES) containing 30 wt % of PP is used as a final polymer additive (FPA) for blending with PP and subsequent spinning. In addition commercial montane (polyester) wax Licowax E (LiE) was used as a compatibilizer for spinning process enhancement. The PP/PES blend fibers containing 8 wt % of polyester as dispersed phase were prepared in a two‐step procedure: preparation of FPA using laboratory twin‐screw extruder and spinning of the PP/PES blend fibers after blending PP and FPA, using a laboratory spinning equipment. DSC analysis was used for investigation of the phase structure of the PES components and selected blends. Finally, the mechanical properties of the blend fibers were analyzed. It has been found that viscosity of the PET/PBT blends is strongly influenced by the presence of the major component. In addition, the major component suppresses crystallinity of the minor component phase up to a concentration of 30 wt %. PBT as major component in dispersed PES phase increases viscosity of the PET/PBT blend melts and increases the tensile strength of the PP/PES blend fibers. The impact of the compatibilizer on the uniformity of phase dispersion of PP/PES blend fibers was demonstrated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4222–4227, 2006     

Influence of the morphology and viscoelasticity on the thermomechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane blends compatibilized with ethylene-ester copolymer

Viscoelastic, interfacial properties, and morphological data were employed to predict the thermal and mechanical properties of compatibilized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends. The combination of interfacial thickness measured by contact angle and entanglement density determined by dynamical mechanical analysis analyze data was employed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of PLA/TPU blends with and without ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EBG) compatibilization agent. The PLA/TPU blend (70/30 wt %) was prepared in a Haake internal mixer at 190 °C and compatibilized with different contents of EBG. The evaluation of the interfacial properties revealed an increase in the interfacial layer thickness of the PLA/TPU blend with EBG. The scanning electronic microscopy images showed a drastic reduction in the size of the dispersed phase by increasing the compatibilizer agent EBG content in the blend. The compatibilization of the PLA/TPU blends improved both the Izod impact strength and yield stress by 38 and 33%, respectively, in comparison with neat PLA/TPU blend. The addition of EBG into PLA/TPU blends significantly increased the entanglement density and the PLA toughening but resulted in a decrease of PLA deformation at break. The PLA and TPU glass transitions were affected by the EBG, suggesting that the PLA and TPU domains were partially miscible. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48926.     

刚性聚合物改性PVC/CPE/CaCO_3共混体的研究

本文研究刚性聚合物(PS、PMMA)对CaCO_2填充的PVC/CPE共混体力学性能和流变性能的影响。结果表明,刚性聚合物的填入提高了共混体的冲击强度,其中,对PVC/CPE/CaCO_3=100/15/10体系的增韧效果较好。PMMA使共混体的拉伸强度有所提高而PS使共混体拉伸强度下降。流变性的测定显示,Ca-CO_2使共混体的表观粘度和粘流活化能增加,牛顿的流动性增强,而在PVC/CPE/CaCO_3共混体中加入4.5份PS能明显降低共混体的表观粘度和粘流活化能,牛顿的流动性降低,但仍有良好的挤出物外观和较低的挤出膨胀率。