宽带CDMA系统中线性空时多用户接收机结构与性能分析

给出了一种新的线性空时多用户接收机的一般表达形式。对这种表达形式的分析表明，线性空时多用户接收机可以分解为4个级联部分，即匹配滤波、空域合并、多径合并和多用户检测器，并且前3个部分的运算仍是以单用户接收为基础的。仿真结果表明，这种结构分解可以有效降低线性空时多用户接收机的计算复杂度，加快自适应接收机的收敛速度，更利于实际系统应用。     

一种简化的线性空时多用户检测迭代算法

提出了一种简化的线性空时多用户检测迭代算法,仿真结果表明这种迭代算法具有较好的误码性能。     

宽带CDMA中的多用户检测技术研究

研究了多用户检测技术在宽带 CD-MA系统中的应用。比较系统地介绍了最佳多用户检测和次最佳多用户检测接收机的原理 ,对多级串行和并行干扰抵消算法进行了仿真 ,并给出了结论 :从复杂度和误码性能两方面综合考虑 ,干扰抵消接收机的抵消级数选为 3级时 ,接收机的性能最优。     

基于天线分集的一种超宽带Rake接收机结构

提出了一种新的跳时超宽带无线通信系统的接收机结构,这种接收机将天线分集和Rake接收相结合, 从而提高了系统对多用户干扰和多径衰落的抑制能力。理论分析和仿真结果表明,这种接收机的性能优于常规的Rake接收机。     

多用户检测在超宽带无线通信中的应用

在超宽带(UWB)通信系统中多址干扰是限制系统性能的重要原因,为了有效抑制多址干扰,本文将多用户检测技术应用于超宽带多用户通信系统中。通过分析信号特征,给出了应用在UWB系统中的几种次最佳多用户检测器的结构,考虑到实际UWB系统需要接收机有较低的复杂度,又提出了一种特别针对UWB系统的类最小均方差(MMSE)检测器并分析了其性能。在UWB室内信道环境下的仿真表明,采用本文提出的多用户检测器可以取得明显优于传统接收机的系统性能。     

长码CDMA系统上行链路多用户接收机设计

提出一种适用于长码CDMA移动通信系统上行链路的多用户接收机设计方案，包括多用户信道估计、多用户检测以及信道跟踪等算法。通过把用户传播时延的影响放入信道响应矩阵中，由信道估计间接得出各用户的传播时延。使用迭代运算的方式使得运算量分散，降低了对硬件平台的要求，使算法更为适用。增大观察窗的长度达到了更准确的用户信息比特判决，提高了接收机的性能。仿真结果表明文章提出的接收机设计方案具有很好的远近效应抑制能力，性能远高于传统的单用户Rake接收机。     

MMSE接收机

MMSE接收机具有多用户检测般的性能,而其复杂性仅比传统匹配滤波器或者相干接收机有稍微的提高。介绍了MMSE接收机的原理及近来MMSE接收机的研究和发展。     

基于混合消息传递和部分近似的联合信道估计MIMO-OFDM接收机

本文提出了一种基于混合消息传递和部分高斯近似(Partial Gaussian Approximation, PGA)的多用户干扰消除方法,并应用到联合信道估计MIMO-OFDM接收机中。由于多用户干扰模型中存在的“乘积-求和”结构,使得选择标准消息传递规则,如置信传播(Belief Propagation, BP),期望传播(Expectation Propagation, EP),平均场规则(Mean Field, MF),或者联合方法时只能在性能或复杂度方面有所取舍。现有根据标准消息传递规则得到的最优性能接收机复杂度高,而近似程度大的低复杂度接收机性能损失严重。本文根据多用户干扰模型的自身特点,对标准消息传递规则进行了修改,提出了一种基于混合消息传递规则和部分高斯近似的多用户干扰消除方法。依据信道估计过程中不同用户的信道权重,采用不同的消息传递规则,可以实现复杂度和性能的均衡调整。仿真结果表明,本文提出的多用户干扰消除方法,在性能接近已知最优接收机的情况下,能够大幅降低复杂度。      

Turbo编码STBC系统中削弱误差传播的迭代多用户检测技术

空时编码(STC)技术将天线阵列信号处理和信道编码技术联合起来实现无线信道容量的有效增加。为了抑制空时分组编码(STBC)系统的共道用户干扰,对低复杂度的多用户检测算法进行研究,该文提出了一种STBC系统的迭代(turbo)多用户接收机。该接收机由一个软入软出(SISO)基于均值的软判决多用户检测器(Soft Decision Multi-User Detector, SDMUD)和一组SISO Turbo信道解码器构成。两者之间通过迭代交换外信息,精确地估计用户信号。仿真结果表明这种接收技术经3次迭代后性能改善约2dB,并且系统性能会随着接收天线的增多而得到明显提高,从而大大增加系统容量。     

异步CDMA移动通信系统采用分集接收的多用户检测器

在ＣＤＭＡ移动通信系统中，多址接入干扰可以通过多用户检测技术来消除，而分集接收可以减小信道衰落的影响，本文给出了一类应用解相关检测，天线分集，ＲＡＫＥ多径分集技术的接收机，并对这一类接收机的性能做了分析，结果表明，在上行链路中，应用多用户检测和分集接收能够极大提高接收机的性能。     

Iterative space-time processing for multiuser detection in multipath CDMA channels

Space-time processing and multiuser detection are two promising techniques for combating multipath distortion and multiple-access interference in code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. To overcome the computational burden that rises very quickly with increasing numbers of users and receive antennas in applying such techniques, iterative implementations of several space-time multiuser detection algorithms are considered here. These algorithms include iterative linear space-time multiuser detection, Cholesky iterative decorrelating decision-feedback space-time multiuser detection, multistage interference canceling space-time multiuser detection, and expectation-maximization (EM)-based iterative space-time multiuser detection. A new space-time multiuser receiver structure that allows for efficient implementation of iterative processing is also introduced. Fully exploiting various types of diversity through joint space-time processing and multiuser detection brings substantial gain over single-receiver-antenna or single-user-based methods. It is shown that iterative implementation of linear and nonlinear space-time multiuser detection schemes discussed in this paper realizes this substantial gain and approaches the optimum performance with reasonable complexity. Among the iterative space-time multiuser receivers considered in this paper, the EM-based (SAGE) iterative space-time multiuser receiver introduced here achieves the best performance with excellent convergence properties.     

Space-time multiuser detection in multipath CDMA channels

The problem of multiuser detection in multipath CDMA channels with receiver antenna array is considered. The optimal space-time multiuser receiver structure is first derived, followed by linear space-time multiuser detection methods based on iterative interference cancellation. Blind adaptive space-time multiuser detection techniques are then proposed, which require prior knowledge of only the spreading waveform and the timing of the desired user's signal. Single-user-based space-time processing methods are also considered and are compared with the multiuser approach. It is seen that the proposed multiuser space-time processing techniques offer substantial performance gains over the single-user-based methods, especially in a near-far situation     

异步DS-CDMA系统中的最优时空线性多用户检测器

该文给出了一种适用于异步DS-CDMA系统的通用线性时空二维多用户检测方法,它将所有线性多用户检测器归结到一个统一的数学模型之下。基于此模型,该文将时空线性多用户检测问题转化为一个权矢量的优化问题,并在线性约束最小方差(LCMV)准则下给出了权矢量的优化解。对现有的几种典型线性多用户检测器的分析表明,这些方法都可以看作是该文提出的通用时空线性多用户检测方法的特例,且只能在某种限定条件下得到局部最优解,因此其抑制多址干扰和噪声的能力都低于文中的最优时空线性多用户检测器。最后,给出了数值仿真结果。     

Linear space-time multiuser detection for multipath CDMA channels

We consider the problem of detecting synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) signals in multipath channels that result in multiple access interference (MAI). It is well known that such challenging conditions may create severe near-far situations in which the standard techniques of combined power control and temporal single-user RAKE receivers provide poor performance. To address the shortcomings of the RAKE receiver, multiple antenna receivers combining space-time processing with multiuser detection have been proposed in the literature. Specifically, a space-time detector based on minimizing the mean-squared output between the data stream and the linear combiner output has shown great potential in achieving good near-far performance with much less complexity than the optimum space-time multiuser detector. Moreover, this space-time minimum mean-squared error (ST-MMSE) multiuser detector has the additional advantage of being well suited for adaptive implementation. We propose novel trained and blind adaptive algorithms based on stochastic gradient techniques, which are shown to approximate the ST-MMSE solution without requiring knowledge of the channel. We show that these linear space-time detectors can potentially provide significant capacity enhancements (up to one order of magnitude) over the conventional temporal single-user RAKE receiver     

多径CDMA信道下的一种改进的盲空时多用户检测

该文在多径CDMA信道下基于Rosen梯度投影实现的最小均方盲空时多用户检测方法的基础上提出了一种改进的方法,该方法与原有的方法相比,运算量有所降低、对系统的要求降低,但通过仿真结果比较表明,该方法的检测性能与原有的方法大致相当,因而更加具有竞争力。     

Group-Based Space-Time Multiuser Detection with User Sharing

To reduce the complexity of space-time multiuser detection, it has been proposed recently to exploit the spatial dimension by forming groups of users and apply the detection individually to each group. In this work we propose a new space-time receiver structure based on the group-optimal MMSE linear detector along with a new grouping algorithm that respects practical hardware limitations. Furthermore, an extension of the proposed structure which allows non-mutually exclusive grouping is presented. The simulation results show that the proposed reduced-complexity receiver structure provides a bit error rate (BER) performance close to the full linear MMSE multiuser detector.     

Iterative semiblind multiuser receivers for a space-time block-coded MC-CDMA uplink system

Iterative multiuser detection and space-time coding are two promising techniques to improve the capacity and performance of coded multiuser systems in wireless channels. In this paper, we present iterative multiuser detection schemes for a space-time block-coded multicarrier code-division multiple-access system with multiple transmit and receive antennas. We consider a more general case of an uplink system in the presence of both intra- and intercell interferences. We propose two types of iterative semiblind space-time receivers for such an uplink environment. The first is based on the minimum mean-square error criterion and the second is a hybrid scheme based on a combination of parallel interference cancellation and linear multiuser detection. These iterative receivers are derived, using a subspace approach, which utilizes known users' information for the computation of log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) while blindly suppressing the unknown interference. The LLRs are refined successively during the iterative process by using the extrinsic information available through decoding of all known users. A turbo code is used for channel coding. Simulation results in a frequency-selective Rayleigh-fading environment are presented to verify the performance of the proposed schemes.     

Performance Analysis of Multiuser DS-CDMA in MIMO Systems Over Rayleigh Fading Channels

The performance of space-time transmit diversity is examined in a multiuser direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system over fast- and slow-fading channels. The underlying space-time system employs transmit antennas and receive antennas at the mobile user and receiver base station, respectively. We consider the performance of the space-time multiuser system when using the linear decorrelator detector to combat the effect of multiuser interference. In our analysis, we derive a closed-form expression for the probability of bit error for both fast- and slow-fading channels. These theoretical results are shown to be very accurate when compared to system simulations. Both simulations and theoretical results prove that, regardless of the system load, the full diversity order of for fast-fading channels and for slow-fading channels is always maintained, and only a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss is incurred. This SNR loss is proved to be a function of only the number of users (i.e., level of interference) and independent of the number of transmit and/or receive antennas. Using our theoretical results, we show that the loss in SNR from the single-user bound can be well approximated by , where represents the level of multiuser interference.     

Optimal linear space-time spreading for multiuser MIMO communications

In this paper, we study the design of linear dispersion (LD) codes for uplink multiuser channels with multiple antennas at the base station and each mobile unit. In the considered scheme, each user employs LD codes to transmit the data, i.e., the transmitted codeword is a linear combination over space and time of certain dispersion matrices with the transmitted symbols. The linear space-time spreading can also be utilized to separate multiple users at the base station. We propose a simulation-based optimization method together with gradient estimation to systematically design the multiuser linear space-time coding under either optimal or suboptimal receivers. We perform the gradient estimation through the score function method. The proposed method can also be applied to design codes under different fading statistics. Simulation results show that under the optimal maximum-likelihood (ML) receiver, the codes obtained by the new algorithm provides roughly the same performance as the low-dimensional spread modulation, as well as the interference-resistant modulation. Moreover, the new codes perform significantly better with suboptimal multiuser receiver structures.