Ni55.30Fe17.60Ga27.10磁致形状记忆合金马氏体相变

研究了热处理对Ni55.30Fe17.60Ga27.10磁致形状记忆合金组织和马氏体相变的影响.电弧态合金组织中马氏体板条模糊.在氩气保护,800℃保温4h缓慢冷却条件下热处理后,马氏体板条规整平直.DSC结果表明Ni55.30Fe17.60Ga27.10合金在加热/冷却时发生热弹性马氏体相变.热处理后Ms=43.24℃,Mf=36.72℃,As=46.84℃,Af=51.83℃.相比电弧态,热处理后合金Ms和Mf提高,As和Af降低,相变滞后减小.XRD结果证明热致马氏体为14M马氏体.     

Ni1.95Mn1.36Ga0.69磁控形状记忆合金的相变与结构有序化

利用差示扫描量热计(DSC)研究了非化学计量Ni1.95Mn1.36Ga0.69合金的马氏体相变及结构有序化处理条件.根据DSC峰型特征的变化,可确定在800℃进行结构有序化处理是合适的.在800℃又进行了不同保温时间的处理,并测定了马氏体相变的特征温度.马氏体相变特征温度随保温时间的增加呈规律变化,相变热滞随保温时间的增加呈下降趋势.经50h的有序化处理后,再继续延长保温时间,马氏体相变特征温度和热滞均不再有明显变化.本文研究结果表明,对于Ni1.95Mn1.36Ga0.69合金,应选用800℃×50h的结构有序化处理工艺.     

X射线衍射谱分峰法在软磁智能合金NiMnGa磁场热处理双相分析中的应用研究

通过X射线衍射分峰法来测定不同热处理工艺条件下有、无磁场的热处理对软磁智能合金NiMnGa马氏体生成量和母相残余量的影响,结果表明,磁场热处理促进了孪晶磁织构形成,同时磁场可促进马氏体相变,使残余母相量减少,马氏体量增多.     

高温形状记忆合金Ni54Mn25Ga21相变及其形状记忆效应的研究

主要研究了马氏体相变温度Ms高于居里温度Tc的Ni54Mn25Ga21合金的相变及其单晶的形状记忆效应.采用真空电弧炉熔炼,然后用磁悬浮区熔晶体生长炉进行Ni54Mn25Ga21合金的单晶生长,成功制备了Ni54Mn25Ga21单晶.对多晶粉末样品进行了原位X射线衍射变温分析,结果表明Ni54Mn25Ga21合金具有可恢复的热弹性马氏体相变性能.对Ni54Mn25Ga21单晶进行的形状记忆效应实验结果表明,当总预应变不超过6%时,压缩变形后残留的应变可在随后的加热过程中完全回复.     

合金元素对Ni41Ti44Cu7Zr8合金相变及力学性能的影响

合金元素影响Ni41Ti44Cu7Zr8形状记忆合金的相变马氏体屈服应力,分析表明具有合适原子尺寸并且与Ti原子间具有合适的负混合焓的合金元素,能有效提高Ni41Ti44Cu7Zr8合金的马氏体屈服应力。少量的Fe元素添加能够显著降低该合金的相变温度,1%Fe元素的添加能使合金的相变温度降低约48℃,在室温时表现出超弹性行为;3%Fe元素的添加能使该合金的马氏体相变温度降低88℃以上,室温加载时不表现形状记忆特征。     

外磁场对Ni-Mn-Ga磁性形状记忆合金相变应变及显微组织的影响

研究了外磁场对Ni52Mn24.6Ga23.4(%,原子分数)单晶马氏体相变及其相变应变的影响,并对磁场增强相变应变的微观机制进行了探讨。研究结果表明无外加磁场时,NiMnGa合金发生马氏体相变时可产生约0.3%的收缩形变,沿单晶[100]方向施加外磁场,其相变应变随磁场的增加而呈近线性增加。当外磁场强度为6.37×105A/m时,应变量达到最大值(3.5%)。磁场作用下冷却形成的马氏体虽然孪晶亚结构不变,但自协作组态消失,并伴随有孪晶板条的增厚。磁场对马氏体相变应变的增强效应来自于磁场作用下的马氏体变体的择优取向。     

Hf含量对Ti49-XNi44Cu6Y1HfX形状记忆合金的组织与超弹性的影响

Ti-Ni-Cu基形状记忆合金具有相变滞后小、可回复应变大、热稳定性好等优良性能。本工作采用非自耗真空电弧熔炼制备了Ti_49-XNi₄₄Cu₆Y₁Hf_X(X=0,2,6,10)形状记忆合金，并研究了Hf含量对其组织、相变行为与超弹性等的影响。结果表明，合金在室温下的主要组织为B2奥氏体与少量化合物相，加载与卸载过程中发生了B2B19′马氏体相变。随Hf含量增加，Ti_49-XNi₄₄Cu₆Y₁Hf_X合金的马氏体相变温度降低，合金的压缩强度和断裂应变均有所降低，应力诱发马氏体的临界应力增加。在压缩应变为3%～11%的应力递增压缩循环过程中，合金出现加工硬化现象，并且可回复应力随着预应力的增加而增加。Hf含量为10%的合金在压缩应变为11%时具有最大的可回复应变7.9%,其中超弹性应变为5.2%。在压缩应变固定为7%的循环压缩过程中，10%Hf的样品循环稳定性较好，可以完全...     

稀土元素对富Ni的Ti-Ni形状记忆合金马氏体相变的影响

在本文中,向Ti-50.7at.%Ni合金分别加入1at.%的稀土元素Ce、Dy、Gd和Y,并利用X射线和示差扫描热分析研究了稀土掺杂对富Ni的Ti-Ni合金马氏体相变行为的影响.结果表明:向富Ni的Ti-Ni合金中添加稀土元素能使合金的马氏体相变温度显著增加,且添加稀土Ce使合金相变温度的增幅最大.此外,Ti-50.2Ni-1Gd和Ti-50.2Ni-1Y合金中发生两步马氏体相变,而添加Ce和Dy的Ti-Ni合金中仍只发生一步马氏体相变.     

掺杂元素对Ni-Mn-Ga合金马氏体相变和磁性能的影响

研究了添加微量的Fe、Co、Al、Si合金元素对Ni-Mn-Ga合金的马氏体相变和磁性能的影响作用.结果表明微量Fe的掺杂可显著提高合金的马氏体相变温度(Ms)而不降低居里温度(Tc);掺Co后Ms基本不变而Tc明显升高;Al使Ms升高,Si使Ms降低,而对Tc均影响不大.微量的掺杂元素并不改变合金的晶体结构,掺杂合金仍然具有热弹性形状记忆效应,并且在磁场作用下可以产生增强的形状记忆效应.     

铸态及快淬态Ni50Mn26Ga19Fe5合金的磁致应变

研究了铸态及快淬Ni50Mn26Ga19Fe5掺杂合金的磁致应变性能.结果表明,掺Fe的Ni-Mn-Ga合金也具有典型的热弹性马氏体相变过程和磁转变过程,但铸态合金的结构为7层调制型马氏体(7M),而快淬合金的结构为14层调制型马氏体(14M).铸态合金最大磁致应变可达0.1%,快淬薄带合金最大磁致应变只能达到0.0095%.Ni50Mn26Ga19Fe5铸态合金比快淬合金有更大的磁致应变,说明掺杂元素Fe在Ni-Mn-Ga合金中的作用较为复杂.     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.