一种Ku波段小型化多通道微波模块设计

本文提出了一种Ku波段微波模块的设计方法,该方法对频率综合器与接收机进行一体化设计,用直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术产生一路中频复杂波形信号,锁相环产生的本振信号上变频得到发射激励信号;采用滤波放大合成方式合成相参时钟信号。实现了微波模块的低相噪,低杂散,小型化。该模块相噪优于-95 dBc/Hz@1 kHz,杂散优于-70 dBc,跳频时间小于100 ns。     

3～16GHz宽覆盖频率合成器的研制

提出了一种实现宽覆盖、低相位噪声、低杂散的频率合成方法.该方法采用双锁相环切换加直接倍频的模式,实现了3～16 GHz的频率合成器.实验结果表明,该方法简洁易行,所实现的系统达到了较好的技术指标:全频段输出信号步进20 MHz时,相噪均在-83 dBc/Hz@10kHz以下,杂散在-60 dBc以下,输出功率在10 dBm以上.该方案为实现高性能的超宽覆盖小步进频率合成器提供了一个有效的方法.     

一种新型低杂散低相噪直接合成频率源

本文介绍了一种新型的X波段雷达接收机频率源设计方法。采用频率倒树状结构设计思想,并利用ADI公司生产的AD9510/AD9516芯片的低抖动时钟分配器多通道可编程特点,设计实现了雷达接收机频率源一本振的宽带多点跳频（频率从8060~8160MHz,步进10MHz,共11个点）及二本振、系统时钟、采样时钟等频率的直接合成,并给出了测试结果。实测结果显示：一本振频率8.13GHz相位噪声为－119.21dBc/Hz@1kHz ,杂散抑制为－71.99dBc,且多点跳频正常。从测试结果来看,本文介绍的直接合成频率源具有良好的低杂散、低相噪性能。     

一种星载可配置输出频率的X波段载波源

针对国内星载数传发射机无法实现载波频率灵活可变的问题,提出了一种可配置输出频率的载波源方案。采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)和数模转换器(DAC)相结合,实现参考频率高精度可变且灵活配置锁相环(PLL)中鉴相器的鉴相频率,使载波源输出频率可程控配置。实测结果表明,载波源可实现任意配置X波段8.025～8.4 GHz的输出中心频点,相位噪声优于-66 dBc/Hz@100 Hz、-75 dBc/Hz@1 kHz 、-80 dBc/Hz@10 kHz、-95 dBc/Hz@100 kHz、-120 dBc/Hz@1 MHz,杂散抑制度优于-74 dBc,频率分辨率小于10 Hz。相关电路替代专用直接数字频率合成(DDS)芯片的功能,能适应空间应用环境。     

一种雷达频率源的简易设计方法

针对传统多功能雷达频率源方案复杂、体积大、成本高的缺点,提出了一种雷达频率源的简易设计方法。该方法基于高频主振分频的频率合成方案,并通过信号频率的组合设计进一步简化了电路形式,成功实现了某型雷达所需的线性调频激励源、捷变频本振源、多普勒模拟源、采样时钟等多路信号的输出,X频段信号相位噪声达-106 dBc/Hz@1 kHz和-114 dBc/Hz@10 kHz,跳频时间小于2#s,性能指标与采用直接频率合成实现的雷达频率源相当。     

3.1~4.9 GHz宽带低相位噪声频率源的研制

基于LTC6946-2频率合成器设计了3.1~4.9 GH频率源,给出了参数设计过程和实物测试结果。该频率源具有宽带、低相位噪声、低杂散、低成本和占用面积小等特点。经过硬件调试达到的主要指标为:输出频率3.1~4.9 GHz,步进10 MHz,相位噪声优于-97.8 dBc/Hz@1 kHz和-99.3 dBc/Hz@10 kHz,杂散优于-90 dBc。     

一种低相噪频率综合器设计

针对军事、工业、通信等许多领域对高精度、高分辨率、低相噪频率综合器的需求,分析了影响频率综合器相噪特性的主要因素,设计了一种窄带锁相环滤波器,用于两级小数分频锁相环级联组成的频率综合器之间进行降噪,使前级锁相环相噪特性对后级锁相环恶化相噪特性的影响得到很好的抑制,该窄带锁相环滤波器采用4个不同频率低相噪VCXO切换作为后级锁相环的鉴相频率,使频率综合器输出信号频率与整数边界的距离大于后级锁相环环路带宽且尽可能的远,有效抑制了频率综合器输出信号中整数边界杂散(IBS)功率,改善了频率综合器的相噪性能,对频率综合器输出622.08MHz(用于雷达)、1561.098MHz(用于北斗)信号的相位噪声分别为:-96dBc/Hz@100Hz,-105dBc/Hz@10kHz和-91dBc/Hz@100Hz,-100dBc/Hz@10kHz。     

高频谱纯度小步进频率合成器的设计与实现

讨论了一种杂散抑制高,频率步进小及相位噪声低的频率合成器的设计方法。设计采用混合式频率合成技术,研制实现了S波段频率合成器,实验结果表明,该频率合成器输出信号频率步进100 Hz,相位噪声优于-115dBc/Hz@10kHz,杂散抑制大于80dBc,跳频时间140μs。     

CPT铷原子钟锁相环频率合成器设计和分析

基于CPT(相干布局囚禁)87铷原子钟设计出输出频率为3417 MHz的锁相环频率合成器,通过ADIsimPLL仿真出最佳环路带宽,环路滤波器参数以及相位噪声等,并通过STM32对锁相环芯片进行控制。对频率合成器进行了测试,电路尺寸为40 mm×40 mm,输出信号功率范围为-4 dBm^+5 dBm可调,输出信号噪声满足要求-88.65 dBc/Hz@1 kHz,-92.31 dBc/Hz@10 kHz,-104.63 dBc/Hz@100 kHz,杂散和谐波得到抑制,设计的频率合成器能很好的应用于原子钟的射频信号源。     

基于DDS 与PLL 的C 波段宽带线性扫频源

利用直接数字频率合成(DDS)和锁相环(PLL)技术相结合的混合频率合成方案,研制了一种C波段宽带、高频率分辨率、快速线性扫频的频率源。为了给PLL 提供低相位噪声的宽带扫频参考信号,选用ADI 的DDS芯片AD9914,并利用阶跃恢复二极管(SRD)高次倍频电路结合二倍频器产生高达3400 MHz 的时钟信号。通过上位机配置AD9914 内部频率调谐字和数字斜坡发生器,产生512.5-987.5MHz 的扫频参考信号,其频率分辨率可精细到赫兹量级。选用低附加噪声的鉴相器和宽带VCO 芯片设计C 波段锁相源,在宽带工作频率范围内对DDS 扫频信号进行快速跟踪,并有效抑制杂散信号。实测结果表明,该扫频源工作频率为4. 1- 7. 9 GHz,在频率分辨率配置为0. 38 MHz 时,单向扫频周期为1 ms,扫频线性度为1. 58×10-6 。单频点输出时相位噪声优于-114 dBc/ Hz@ 10 kHz和-119 dBc/ Hz@ 100 kHz,杂散抑制优于69 dBc。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks