Review of small specimen test techniques for irradiation testing

Small specimen test technology has evolved out of the necessity to develop and monitor materials proposed for or used in nuclear power generation systems. Development of materials for improved cladding and in-core structures for fission reactors and assessment of core materials and pressure vessel steels already under irradiation necessitated the use of specimens which fit into existing irradiation space or which could be extracted from irradiated structures, such as cladding or ducts. Interest in simulating neutron irradiation by light and heavy ion irradiation led to the development of thin foil and wire geometry specimens. Further, interest in developing materials for fusion reactors has added additional constraints on specimen sizes associated with available irradiation volumes in existing and proposed high-energy neutron irradiation facilities. Consequently, a wide array of specimen geometries and test techniques has now been developed. It is the purpose of this paper to review these techniques and examine their status, problems, and potential for future applications. This paper is based on a presentation made in the symposium “Irradiation-Enhanced Materials Science and Engineering” presented as part of the ASM INTERNATIONAL 75th Anniversary celebration at the 1988 World Materials Congress in Chicago, IL, September 25–29, 1988, under the auspices of the Nuclear Materials Committee of TMS-AIME and ASM-MSD.     

铝合金箔材条形试样改为矩形试样拉伸试验工艺研究

本试验以0.1mm ～0.2mm厚度的箔材为研究对象,研究了箔材试样形状的改变对箔材力学性能结果的影响.试验对比分析了两种试样规定非比例伸长应力、抗拉强度和相对伸长率的检测数值,同时对比分析了两种试样的断裂位置、断裂特征以及矩形试样使用标距轮或标距线确定标距的不同影响.结果表明,矩形试样的性能检测数值稳定性和断裂位置优于条形试样,可代替条形试样成为箔材力学性能检测的标准试样.     

Minimum specimen volume requirements for routine coagulation testing: dependence on citrate concentration

An audit of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was undertaken in 935 female patients who used morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for pain relief after major gynaecological operations in a district general hospital. We investigated retrospectively five different antiemetic policies and a reference group without policy from January 1993 to July 1995. The department's computerized audit system was used to analyse the observations. At the beginning of the audit, the incidence of nausea and vomiting was as high as 71.5%. But as a consequence of this audit, a departmental policy was adopted 3 years later, which had an incidence of PONV of only 51.7%. During this time the compliance with antiemetic protocols increased from 41% to 76%. There was significantly less PONV if an antiemetic protocol was followed (P = 0.002). This emphasizes the importance of corporate involvement in the development, formulation and evaluation of departmental protocols if compliance is to be high. We conclude that audit as a corporate effort improves the acceptance of departmental protocols. This reduces PONV significantly irrespective of the type of antiemetic drug used.     

某低温风洞用高强不锈钢弯刀小试件生产实践

某低温风洞弯刀采用00Cr12Ni10MoTi马氏体时效不锈钢制造(代号:S03).分别采用构筑成形和三联特冶(真空感应熔炼+真空自耗电弧熔炼+电渣重熔)工艺路线研究了10 t级S03钢小试件钢锭制备工艺.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和拉伸、冲击等评价方法,分别研究了冶炼和热处理工艺对S03钢组织及力学...     

A comparison of high-energy oblique lung irradiation techniques

The present studies investigate the effects of early nerve growth factor (NGF) administration on the ontogenetic profile of learning and retention capacities in mice. The learning paradigm used required the animals to withhold an escape response from a vibrating platform to avoid a punishment (step-down passive avoidance). In Experiment 1, acquisition of step-down passive avoidance was essentially the same in 11- and 15-day-old mice whereas only the latter showed significant retention after 24 h. In younger animals, data pointed to a facilitating effect of familiarization with the test environment. In Experiment 2 ICV NGF treatment on postnatal day 9 increased step-down latencies in both reinforced and nonreinforced pups on day 11. Moreover, NGF mice exposed in nonreinforcement condition on day 11 failed to acquire the avoidance response 24 h later, suggesting that the treatment anticipated the appearance of latent inhibition. Results of Experiment 3, investigating the effects of different durations of preexposure to the test apparatus on passive avoidance acquisition 24 h later, supported the specificity of NGF effects on the emergence of latent inhibition. These findings suggest that neural populations responsive to NGF trophic effect are involved in the maturation of early learning and retention capacities in rodents.     

加热炉控制技术的回顾与展望

归纳和总结了加热炉控制技术的理论研究和工程应用状况，并指出了其中存在的主要问题和缺陷。同时分析了加热炉控制技术发展的趋势。     

Evaluation of local anesthesia techniques for small incision cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical experiences and patient preference with 3 local anesthesia techniques for small incision cataract surgery. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Hj?rring Hospital, Denmark. METHODS: This prospective, randomized study included 66 patients having simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery. There were 3 test groups, each containing 2 of the following local anesthesia techniques: retro/peribulbar (RBA), sub-Tenon's (STA), or topical (TA). Each patient served as his or her own control. No medical sedation was used. Patient response to each anesthesia technique was evaluated by the surgeon based on surgical difficulties, a nurse using hand-holding tension and verbal interaction, and a visual analog pain score. Patients were also asked which of the 2 techniques they preferred and their reasons. RESULTS: No local anesthesia techniques interfered with surgery. The order of a positive pain/discomfort response during surgery was TA > STA > RBA. Significantly more pain occurred with application of RBA than with STA or TA. No postoperative pain was recorded with any method. Fifty-six percent of patients said they preferred 1 technique over the other; 16% of patients having STA would not do so again, 19% would not have TA again, and 40% would not have RBA again. The main reasons for preferring STA and TA were fear of or pain from a retrobulbar injection. The main reasons for preferring RBA were less awareness, anxiety, and surgical pain. Immediate visual recovery seemed to be of minor importance in patients' choice of an anesthesia technique. CONCLUSION: Although less discomfort/pain occurred during surgery with RBA, patients preferred STA and TA primarily because of the inconvenience or pain of the retrobulbar injection. Although medical sedation was not used in this study, the pain/discomfort ratio from surgery was not greater than in studies using intravenous sedation, indicating that the use of medical sedation should be re-evaluated.     

Review of Special education and rehabilitation testing: Practical applications and test reviews.

Reviews the book, Special education and rehabilitation testing: Practical applications and test reviews edited by Brian Bolton (no publication year provided). Special Education and Rehabilitation Testing is a reference manual designed to facilitate the identification and selection of appropriate tests for use in the assessment and diagnosis of persons with handicaps. It should be emphasized that, despite the title's implication, this is not a how-to manual for conducting diagnostic evaluations of persons with handicaps. The present volume is part of the Applied Testing Series under the general editorship of Daniel Keyser and Richard Sweetland. Each volume in the Applied Testing Series is edited by a specialist in the topical area and draws upon and focuses reviews contained in the Test Critiques reference volumes (Keyser & Sweetland, 1984-1988) and Tests: A Comprehensive Reference for Assessments in Psychology, Education, and Business (Sweetland & Kaiser, 1986). As editor, Brian Bolton selected 95 psychoeducational tests for inclusion in this volume. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Introduction to testing and the use of test results in public schools.

Reviews the book, "Introduction to testing and the use of test results in public schools," by Arthur E. Traxler, Robert Jacobs, Margaret Selover, and Agatha Townsend (see record 1954-01580-000). This book is designed to serve as a "practical, down-to-earth handbook for schools beginning the use of objective tests, for teacher discussion groups, for in-service training programs, for persons who have had experience with tests but who desire to brush up on the simpler fundamentals of testing, and for introductory classes in tests and measurements." This brief, nontechnical book should be distinctly useful to the groups of readers toward whom it is directed. Despite its title, the revision seems equally appropriate for public and independent schools. From the standpoint of the former, the more detailed discussions of test selection and program planning included in the revised edition should be of particular interest. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Subjective and objective visual acuity testing techniques

The Catford apparatus for determining the objective visual acuity was elevated with 20 normal (20 eyes) and 40 abnormal (75 diseased eyes) patients. The vision of the normal individuals was fogged with neutral-density filters and convex lenses. Eyes with normal or near normal vision showed good correlation between optokinetic response and visual acuity, but no correlation was observed in eyes with poor vision. These findings, which vary from those of Catford, indicate that objective methods of visual acuity testing using a nystagmoid response do not appear useful for general clinical purposes.     

The role of imaging techniques in stress testing

The addition of various cardiac imaging techniques to standard ECG stress testing has permitted enhanced diagnostic capability in the evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. In addition, the prognostic and pathophysiologic information provided by such imaging modalities has given us insight not previously available by standard stress testing alone. This has been helpful in guiding management decisions in patients with known coronary artery disease. The modalities include myocardial perfusion imaging, stress echocardiography, and radionuclide ventriculography. These techniques can provide complementing and unique information in the evaluation of myocardial blood flow, function, and viability.     

Human error identification techniques for risk assessment of high risk systems--Part 1: Review and evaluation of techniques

This is the first in a two-part series of papers dealing with the area of assessing human errors in high risk complex systems. This first paper outlines thirty-eight approaches of error identification, categorising them into types of error identification approach. The paper then reviews these techniques with respect to a broad range of criteria. Viable and non-viable techniques are identified. Trends and research needs are also noted. The second paper proposes a framework or tool-kit approach to Human Error Identification, and presents a prototype methodology to show what such a framework approach would look like in practice, for the nuclear power domain.     

小口径管材超声水膜法检测探头跟踪系统

小口径管材曲率大,超声水膜法不易应用于小口径管材检测。针对小口径管材水膜法检测的特点,设计了一种小口径管材超声水膜法检测探头跟踪系统,主要包括3套缓冲器和2套固定楔。现场测试表明,使用该系统可以很好地实现探头跟踪、耦合等功能,检测所得信号灵敏度高、稳定性好,各项指标均达到国家和行业标准。     

稀土分析检测方法标准述评

从稀土矿、稀土精矿、稀土金属及其氧化物、稀土深加工产品等方面概述我国稀土分析国家标准体系.其中稀土配分、三氧化二铝、稀土总量、水分、灼减量等参数的检测,是稀土交易和萃取分离工艺过程中重要的技术指标;而钕铁硼、灯用稀土三基色荧光粉、稀土硅铁合金等分析标准,对于稀土磁性材料、稀土发光材料、稀土合金等稀土深加工产品的生产都有重要的指导意义;稀土产品及分析方法的建立,完善了稀土国家标准体系,满足了稀土生产和贸易的需要,促进了稀土行业持续健康发展.      

Comparability of Wonderlic test forms in industrial testing.

Are the 5 forms of the Wonderlic Personnel Test really equivalent? "Sixteen groups consisting of 590 male applicants for apprenticeship programs in a large manufacturing company were tested using all 5 forms of the Wonderlic Personnel Test (Forms A, B, D, E and F… . it is recommended that Form B of the Personnel Test not be regarded as directly equivalent to any of the other four forms of the test and that Form D not be regarded as directly equivalent to Form F in industrial testing situations similar to the one in the present study." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Revival of test bias research in preemployment testing.

We developed a new analytic proof and conducted Monte Carlo simulations to assess the effects of methodological and statistical artifacts on the relative accuracy of intercept- and slope-based test bias assessment. The main simulation design included 3,185,000 unique combinations of a wide range of values for true intercept- and slope-based test bias, total sample size, proportion of minority group sample size to total sample size, predictor (i.e., preemployment test scores) and criterion (i.e., job performance) reliability, predictor range restriction, correlation between predictor scores and the dummy-coded grouping variable (e.g., ethnicity), and mean difference between predictor scores across groups. Results based on 15 billion 925 million individual samples of scores and more than 8 trillion 662 million individual scores raise questions about the established conclusion that test bias in preemployment testing is nonexistent and, if it exists, it only occurs regarding intercept-based differences that favor minority group members. Because of the prominence of test fairness in the popular media, legislation, and litigation, our results point to the need to revive test bias research in preemployment testing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)