Computational investigation on the flow characteristics in beam dyeing process

Abstract

Ensuring uniform addition of coloring material to the fabric is an essential requirement in the textile dyeing process. Beam dyeing machine consists of a special beam, the barrel of which is evenly perforated with holes. The dye liquor is forced into the fabric material through this beam. For uniform fabric coloring, an equal distribution of the dye liquor through the porous beam has to be ensured. The present methodology employs theoretical and computational fluid dynamics aspects of beam dyeing process to obtain better performance. The analysis of a beam with a single row of branches shows that nonuniformity increases with an increase in inlet mass flow. Further beam flow distribution with and without fabric are studied for different parameters, such as branch diameter, inlet mass flow rate, operating conditions, and flow reversal. The present results provide guidelines to improve the levelness of the dye distribution in the fabric material.     

Environmentally compatible surfactants for the cosmetic industry

From the application pattern of surfactant-containing cosmetic products, it is inevitable that the major part of the chemicals will be discharged into waste water and eventually will enter the environment. Because the environmental compatibility of the products is based on the ecological properties of their raw meterials, the biodegradability and ecotoxicological behaviour of the product components and particularly the surfactants, form the central elements of the environmental compatibility assessment. The tools for this evaluation are standardized test systems, which are described and discussed on the basis of the ecological data of selected surfactants. De par le type d'application des produits cosmetiques contenant des tensioactifs, il est inevitable que la plus grande partie des substances chimiques soit evacuee dans les eaux usees et finisse par arriver dans l'environnement. Puisque la compatibilite environnementale des produits est basee sur les proprietes ecologiques de leurs matieres premieres, la biodegradabilite et le comportement ecotoxicologique des composants des produits, et en particulier des tensioactifs, forment les elements majeurs de l'evaluation de la compatibilite environnementale. Les outils de cette evaluation sont des systemes d'essai normalises, qui sont decrits et commentes d'apres les donnees ecologiques de tensioactifs choisis.     

Colour legislation and cosmetics and toiletries

An historical reference is followed by a review of cosmetic colours’ regulations based on the EEC Directive with particular reference to the U.K. Cosmetic Products Regulations and their effect on formulation. Les reglementations des colorants pour cosmetiques     

基于中心组合设计和响应面法优化棉针织物活性染料轧烘轧蒸染色工艺

为优化雷马素红RGB染料对棉针织物的轧烘轧蒸(PDPS)染色工艺,采用中心组合设计(CCD)和响应面法(RSM)考察了4组实验变量(NaCl和Na2CO3质量浓度、预烘时间和汽蒸时间)对染色织物K/S值的影响,建立了相关的预测模型。模型的回归分析、方差分析以及实际染色实验的验证表明,RSM模型可以准确地预测棉针织物在PDPS染色过程中染色条件对K/S值的影响;优化工艺条件为:NaCl质量浓度172.78 g/L、Na2CO3质量浓度38.46 g/L、预烘73 s,饱和蒸汽下汽蒸133 s。     

The use of response surface method to optimize the extraction of natural dye from winery waste in textile dyeing

Grape pomace, which is a winery waste is studied and experimented to serve as a source of natural dyes that could be utilized in textile dyeing. The present study aims at developing and optimizing an extraction method of natural dye derived from grape pomace in order to dye silk fabrics. The water-acidified ethanol (20–40%) mixture is used mainly for the extraction of anthocyanins at different durations and at different temperatures (20–40 °C) from grape pomace. Effects of these independent variables (percentage of acidified ethanol, temperature, and duration of extraction) and their interactions during the extraction are determined by response surface methodology based on three-level three-factorial Box–Behnken design. Optimized values of percentage of acidified ethanol, temperature, and the duration of extraction for the optimization of monomeric anthocyanins concentration (75 mg L^?1) are found as 40%, 32,7 °C, and 38 h, respectively. The extract has been used for silk fabrics dyeing. The effects of some parameters (temperature, pH, and salt addition) on dyeing silk fabrics have been studied and optimized. The use of tannic acid as a natural mordant to improve the dye fastness proprieties has been investigated.     

The effectiveness of cosmetic products in alleviating a range of skin dryness conditions as determined by clinical and instrumental techniques

A vast array of cosmetic products are used routinely by consumers to alleviate a range of skin care problems. Consumer concern ranges from age-associated skin changes to complexion (e.g., spots and pimples) and dryness. However, a major cause for concern amongst European female consumers is skin dryness, which spans all age ranges and skin types. Utilizing instrumental procedures (Squametry and Image Analysis) the severity of skin dryness has been correlated with expert assessment and consumer perception of dryness. The sensitivity of these techniques enables one to follow the progression of dryness alleviation for a range of product forms (e.g., creams and lotions) as well as the purported mechanism of action of various ingredient systems (e.g., occlusivity, moisturization). While conventional cosmetic products are shown to be effective, these techniques can be used to aid in the assessment and formulation of more effective products.
Efficacité des produit cosmétiques à l'allégement d'un spectre d'états de peau sèche selon des measures cliniques et au moyen d'instruments     

Photostability of Cosmetic Materials

The basic principles of photochemistry and photochemical reactions applicable to the topic are briefly reviewed. A more detailed survey of the photochemical reactions of raw materials used in the formulation of cosmetics is treated, according to the principal chemical classification of the material. In each group the photochemical reactions of the substance are reported with the more apparent implications for the cosmetic industry highlighted. The effects of photochemical catalysts are discussed, including the sources of impurities which can catalyse photochemical spoilage of cosmetic products. The methods of retarding photochemical degradation are appraised, including precautions which could be adopted in manufacturing processes and the use of additives collectively known as antioxidants.
La stabilite a la lumiere des produits cosmetiques     

Influence of dyeing conditions of natural dye extracted from Berberis integerrima fruit on color shade of woolen yarn

A new source of natural dye was introduced to obtain different colors on woolen yarn by varying the dyeing condition and formulation recipe. The fruit extract of Berberis integerrima was used as a natural dye for coloration of wool fibers. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been applied to design experimental runs to evaluate the interactive effects of the operating variables. The concentration of natural dye, concentration of mordant, pH of dye bath, and dyeing time at boiling temperature was selected as independent parameters. The effect of these parameters was examined on color shade (Hue angle) of dyed yarn samples as a dependent factor. The results were indicated that the different hue angles and color shades were achieved at proposed dyeing condition of wool fibers with B. integerrima which was in the range of 25° up to 282°. Extracted natural dye from B. integerrima was presented an inhibition zone at all applied concentrations and it was dependent on its concentration.     

记忆纤维面料的染色工艺研究

介绍了记忆纤维面料染色中存在的问题,通过对记忆纤维面料进行染色实验,分析了不同载体、染色温度、染色时间以及染料对染色性能的影响,得出了大样生产的工艺流程、配方和工艺曲线,并对实际生产产品的物理指标进行测试。结果表明,载体染色工艺不适合记忆纤维面料的染色;染色适宜温度为110℃,染色保温时间应控制在30min左右,并严格控制80℃后的升温速度;经筛选,国产高温型分散红玉S-2GFL、分散黄棕S-2RL、分散深蓝HGL适合作为记忆纤维面料染色三原色染料。     

罗汉果茶色素提取方法比较及对棉织物染色研究

通过探讨提取时间、提取剂乙醇浓度、超声波功率、提取温度以及料液比对超声波法提取天然染料罗汉果茶色素的影响,得出在超声波提取条件下,提取时间为30 min、提取剂乙醇质量分数为40%、超声波功率为300 W、提取温度为60℃、料液比为1:15可以使罗汉果茶色素提取效果达到最佳。在此基础上,利用罗汉果茶染液对棉织物进行超声波染色,探讨染色温度、染色时间、浴比以及染色超声波功率对染色效果的影响,得出最佳染色工艺条件为:染色温度70℃、染色时间50 min、浴比1:60、超声波功率300 W。同时试验发现:使用硫酸铜作媒染剂进行预媒染,棉织物染色上染率有明显提高;使用罗汉果茶染液对棉织物进行染色,其耐水洗和耐摩擦色牢度均可达到国家服用标准。     

拉伸细化羊毛纤维染色性能的研究

通过在不同恒温条件下对试样进行不同时间上染率的试验，探讨了拉伸细化羊毛纤维采用兰纳洒脱和兰纳素染料的染色性能。分析了拉伸细化羊毛纤维染色特点，通过对比，优选兰纳洒脱染料作为拉伸细化羊毛低温染色的染料，并且对染色加工中遇到的问题提出了参考意见，从而为合理使用TJGD-ERDOS-02型羊毛拉伸设备获得Optim纤维，为开发拉伸羊毛产品奠定了基础。     

精纺毛织物染整专家系统初探

毛织物品质和风格特点主要是由毛织物的后整理即染整工艺来实现的。在系统分析和总结毛织物品质风格和染整工艺关系的基础上，提出了毛织物染整专家系统的设计思想和体系框架。根据毛织物染整工艺的知识特点，对于染整工艺的选择采用产生式规则知识表达方法，而对于染整工艺条件的确定则采用神经网络的推理及学习机制，给出了该专家系统知识库的实现步骤和方法。     

活性染料冷轧堆染色工艺探讨

通过对活性染料冷扎堆染色工艺中染液的pH值、电解质浓度、染色时间、温度等对染色质量影响的诸因素进行分析和探讨,为选择冷扎堆染色工艺参数提供必要的科学依据。     

艾叶提取液对真丝的直接染色

从艾叶中提取天然色素并用于蚕丝直接染色。采用单因素试验,讨论了氢氧化钠用量、提取温度、提取时间等因素对提取效果的影响,以及染色温度、时间、pH值等因素对蚕丝染色效果的影响,优化了艾叶色素提取和蚕丝的染色工艺。优化的艾叶色素提取工艺:氢氧化钠10 g/L,提取温度90℃,提取时间60 min,料液比20∶1。艾叶提取液对真丝直接染色优化工艺:艾叶提取液50 g/L,染色温度90℃,染色时间60 min,染色pH值4.5。结果表明,染色蚕丝牢度尚可,且染品具有抗紫外、抗菌及芳香性。     

Study of dyeing properties of semipermanent dyestuffs for hair

In this article we have evaluated some of the factors (pH, solvent composition and dye structure) that influence the dyeing of hair with dyes from direct semipermanent categories. These dyes, in fact, have been used more and more in cosmetic industry over the last years, due to their lesser aggressiveness vs. hair fibres. Two different dye classes are investigated: phenylene diamine (HC), well known for their low molecular weight and their small size, and a series of Basic dyes, characterized by the same ionic charge (positive) but with different sizes and different polar groups in the molecule. pH and dyebath composition result critical factors controlling the diffusion and adsorption process.     

啤酒中浑浊物质的鉴定

该研究意在建立啤酒浑浊物质鉴定方法体系。试验中采用直接镜检法、染色镜检法、酸碱溶解法、酶解法、理化分析法对悬浮型浑浊、大颗粒浑浊、雾状浑浊这3种不同类型的啤酒浑浊进行了鉴定。经过实践检验,悬浮型的浑浊物质,可以采用直接镜检法和染色镜检法进行鉴定。大颗粒的浑浊物质可以采用直接镜检法、酸碱溶解法、理化分析法进行鉴定。雾状浑浊物质可采用直接镜检法,酶解法对其进行鉴定。上述鉴定方法体系能区分绝大部分啤酒浑浊物质。     

模糊Petri网在筒子纱染色专家系统中的应用

如何提高筒子纱染色质量,对降低印染企业生产成本至关重要.根据筒子纱染色机染色工艺流程参数对最终染色质量影响效果的不确定性特点,结合筒子纱染色工艺流程图,找出对染色质量的影响因素,并运用模糊规则分析了这些影响因素之间的关系.然后利用模糊Petri网处理非确定性现象上的能力,提出基于模糊Petri网的筒子纱染色机染色效果的推理算法,将模糊Petri网(FPN)正向推理与专家系统知识表示方法相结合,从而达到筒子纱染色机专家控制系统知识的表示与获取目的.     

提高丝光羊毛纱线染色的一次成功率

提高染色的一次成功率(Right First Time)是纺织品市场对纺织染色企业的要求.丝光羊毛(Mercerized Wool)纱线的染色因其特殊性,要提高染色的一次成功率,需要做更多的工作.文章认为提高染色的一次成功率是一个系统工程,正确仿样和稳定生产是关键.具体分析了影响丝光羊毛纱线染色的一次成功率的各个主要环节,并提供了提高丝光毛纱染色的一次成功率的可行方案.     

Role of proteins in cosmetics

The review critically evaluates the safety and effectiveness of proteins or peptides in cosmetic formulations designed for skin and hair care. Special attention is paid to soluble collagen and the use of this fibrillar protein in combination with detergents.
The authors indicate various misconceptions on the mechanism of the effect of collagen and possible risks if the formulations containing collagen are not used on intact skin. Besides the moisturizing effect of collagen on the stratum corneum, the formation of a protective layer on the surface of the skin or hair, and the formation of complexes with detergents and the mechanisms of the effectiveness of this protein are considered.
Le role des proteines dans les cosmetiques     

低压无水染色体系中发色母体对分散染料染色性能的影响北大核心CSCD

涤纶传统水浴染色存在高耗水、高排放和高污染的技术难题,以高沸点、非极性的十甲基环五硅氧烷(D5)为染色介质可以实现分散染料在低压条件下对涤纶织物染色。为了研究该体系中发色母体对分散染料染色性能的影响,文章分别以邻氰基对硝基苯胺、3-氨基-5-硝基苯并异噻唑为重氮组分,N-氰乙基-N-乙酰氧乙基苯胺为偶合组分,合成了分散染料D-1(偶氮结构)和D-2(杂环结构)。选用D-1、D-2和C.I.分散红177在低压无水染色体系中对涤纶织物染色,探究了发色母体及促染剂与染料在染色介质中的溶解度、染色性能的关系。结果表明,在无促染剂时,以邻氰基对硝基苯胺为重氮组分的D-1的溶解度最低为0.081 g/L,上染率最高为95%;随着促染剂质量分数的增加,D-1的溶解度及上染率变化较小,而D-2和C.I.分散红177的溶解度明显降低,上染率提高15%;发色母体对染色织物的各项色牢度无显著影响,且均可达到4级或以上。