CPM: A collaborative process modeling for cooperative manufacturers

In a manufacturing system, we need to capture collaborative processes among its components in order to clearly define supporting functions of a system. However, pervasive process modeling techniques, including IDEF3, Petri Nets, and UML, are not sufficient for modeling collaborative processes. Therefore, we have developed a novel modeling method referred to as collaborative process modeling (CPM) to describe collaborative processes. CPM models can be transformed into marked graph models so that we can use the analysis power of Petri Nets. In this paper, we first briefly discuss these process modeling techniques. Then, we illustrate the CPM method and transformation rules with illustrative examples. CPM allows us to develop collaborative process models, understand and facilitate the realization of collaboration, and verify models before moving onto development.     

Specification and performance analysis of embedded systems with coloured petri nets

To analyze synchronization, concurrency, communication protocols and system performance, a system level specification is modelled in a coloured Petri net. A toolbox collects information for the implementation, e.g., processing times, waiting times, idle times, data accesses, processing requests. This is illustrated with a data-link protocol system, where the disturbance on the communication channels is modelled, too.     

A synthesis technique of general petri nets

The general Petri net (GPN) is useful for modeling flexible manufacturing systems with multiple robots and workstations [15] and for parallel programs [8]. A problem of using reachability analysis for analyzing Petri nets (PN) is the large number of states generated. Most of the existing synthesis techniques do not deal with GPN. Koh et al.[15] invented a synthesis technique for GPN. We propose to improve their achievement by adding the simple Arc-ratio rules to Yaw's knitting technique [37, 38, 39] based on the notion of structure relationship together with new path generations, which mark the most distinct feature compared with other approaches. The synthesis rules and procedures of how to update the temporal matrix and structure synchronic distance are presented. The Arc-ratio rules for GPN are also presented. One can successfully synthesize complicated Petri nets using these rules. An example to synthesize a Petri net in [15] is illustrated. The correctness of each synthesis rule with an appropriate Arc-ratio rule for GPN is proved.     

Integrating Behavioural Animation Techniques

Our research focuses on animating autonomous virtual humans which are able to take decisions by themselves. We especially address in this paper the technical problem of integrating altogether the physical simulation of agents (represented as virtual humans in a 3D environment) and their behaviours and motivations, driven by a Beliefs, Desires and Intentions architecture. We also explain how goals drive plans, and how an agent can coherently handle concurrent tasks.     

Analysis of multi-agent activity using petri nets

This paper presents the use of place/transition petri nets (PNs) for the recognition and evaluation of complex multi-agent activities. The PNs were built automatically from the activity templates that are routinely used by experts to encode domain-specific knowledge. The PNs were built in such a way that they encoded the complex temporal relations between the individual activity actions. We extended the original PN formalism to handle the propagation of evidence using net tokens. The evaluation of the spatial and temporal properties of the actions was carried out using trajectory-based action detectors and probabilistic models of the action durations. The presented approach was evaluated using several examples of real basketball activities. The obtained experimental results suggest that this approach can be used to determine the type of activity that a team has performed as well as the stage at which the activity ended.     

Process modeling and analysis of manufacturing supply chain networks using object-oriented Petri nets

This paper presents a systematic methodology for modeling and analysis of manufacturing supply chain business processes. The proposed approach first employs Computer Integrated Manufacturing Open System Architecture (CIMOSA) behavior rules to model the business process routing structures of manufacturing supply chain networks. Object-oriented predicate/transition nets (OPTNs) are then developed for the modular modeling and analysis of process models. Based on the structure of OPTNs, a procedure to obtain the system's P-invariants through objects’ P-invariants is suggested. From the P-invariants obtained, system structural properties such as deadlock and overflow can be analyzed. By using Petri net unfolding techniques and by extracting the process model of each object from the entire process model, the sequencing analysis for operations in supply chain processes becomes possible. Several manufacturing supply chain examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

计算机动画技术浅谈

随着时代发展,计算机动画在现代社会发展中处于及其重要的地位,应用领域非常广泛,像互联网中网络动画的应用、游戏软件的开发,教学软件的开发、动画影院片、电影数字特技、电视动画片、电子图书等等。本文介绍有关计算机动画的概念,并以FLASH为例介绍计算机动画的制作过程。     

计算机辅助美术动画的新方法综述

随着数字媒体处理、非真实感绘制和交互式娱乐等技术的兴起,出现了一些新的计算机辅助美术动画设计和制作方法．从研究方法和技术路线上,可将当前的研究工作总结和归纳为4类：基于视频流的方法、结合二维半／三维几何模型的方法、基于素材重用的方法和借鉴三维动画技术的方法．在此基础上,对各类方法的基本思想和关键技术等进行了分析,并探讨了如何进一步超越二维世界,如结合三维几何、运动的时序变化、情感等来研究计算机辅助美术动画技术的趋势．     

基于Petri网的智能终端装备操作训练考核通用建模方法

智能终端装备操作训练考核中,存在实物操作考核环境不可再现、训练考核模拟器研发周期长、通用性差等问题.提出一种面向智能终端装备操作训练考核的通用建模方法,建立装备操作任务的Petri网模型,把操作步骤构成库所集合,操作步骤变换构成变迁集合,各操作步骤的按键区域(操作热区)作为变迁的触发(点火)条件.为了屏蔽不同智能终端装备操作面板、按键(按钮)差异,把智能终端装备操作面板图片作为训练考核的操作面板,用操作热区体现用户动作,从而适合不同的智能终端装备.应用实践表明,该方法能快速建立所需的训练考核任务,且能屏蔽智能终端装备在外观、操作面板、显示面板等方面的差异,具有良好的通用性.     

A new methodology for analyzing distributed systems modeled by petri nets

Distributed computing systems can be modeled adequately by Petri nets. The computation of invariants of Petri nets becomes necessary for proving the properties of modeled systems. This paper presents a two-phase, bottom-up approach for invariant computation and analysis of Petri nets. In the first phase, a newly defined subnet, called the RP-subnet, with an invariant is chosen. In the second phase, the selected RP-subnet is analyzed. Our methodology is illustrated with two examples viz., the dining philosophers' problem and the connection-disconnection phase of a transport protocol. We believe that this new method, which is computationally no worse than the existing techniques, would simplify the analysis of many practical distributed systems.     

基于物理的烟雾动画

基于物理的烟雾模拟中,需要求解Navier-Stokes偏微分方程组．通过量纲分析,简化了该方程．在求解对流项时采用半拉格朗日方法,为弥补该方法带来的数值耗散,引入了高阶精度紧致格式,在较粗的网格上亦可得到较高精度的导数值．实验结果表明：该算法效果比较真实,速度较快．     

交互式动画卷积的设计与实现

随着计算机技术的发展，计算机辅助教学（ＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＡｉｄｅｄＩｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ，简称ＣＡＩ）应运而生，并在教学改革中发挥愈来愈重要的作用。本文介绍了信号与系统ＣＡＩ课件中用Ｃ语言实现交互式动画卷积的技术，包括交互方式中递归下降的表达式分析算法的实现和卷积的动画实现。实践结果表明，应用编译技术和动画技术是研制高质量ＣＡＩ课件与其他应用软件的有效方法     

基于Petri网的机电产品概念设计功能模型研究

功能分析是概念设计中最重要的阶段,从黑箱法的理论出发,以流及其状态和功能为基本要素建立了基于Petri网的机电一体化产品概念设计功能模型,为产品概念设计过程的优化以及设计效率的提高打下了良好基础,为以后智能软件的开发提供了良好的模型.     

A Computer Model For Pinscreen Simulation: A New Animation Paradigm

Actual computer image and motion synthesis paradigms are presented in order to introduce a new computer animation paradigm that simulates the traditional pinscreen animation technique. Pinscreen is a very particular and difficult device that enables a “chiaroscuro” approach to image synthesis. The paper describes the traditional pinscreen technique, the way it is operated, results and related difficulties. An extended computer model, including colour and time extensions, to simulate the pinscreen is presented. Results achieved with vector and raster approaches are discussed. Advantages and possibilities of the method when compared with the traditional method and the problems that arise from this technique will also be explained. Finally current and future work is referenced.     

A High Performance Solver for the Animation of Deformable Objects using Advanced Numerical Methods

Physically based modelling of deformable objects has become the most popular technique to model textiles, skin or human tissue. The crucial problem in the animation of deformable objects is the solution of the resulting differential equations. Recently fast solutions have been presented. In this work we will first give a theoretical analysis and then exploit special properties of the system and advanced numerical techniques to achieve further speed-ups of the simulations. Also, higher accuracy, leading to higher quality animations, will be achieved and an error bound is enforced.     

基于Petri网的工作流模型

Petri网是一种很有效的模型描述语言，不仅能描述系统的结构特性，同时还能描述其动态特性，尤其适用于描述含有并行成分的系统，而工作流技术作为实现企业过程集成的有效手段，广泛用于各种场合。在简要介绍了Petri网和工作流基本知识的基础上，指出了基于Petri网的工作流模型的优点，讨论了将工作流模型转化为Petri网模型的基本原则，并且提出了一种扩展的Petri网模型作为一种工作流建模的工具，最后对基于Petri网的工作流模型进行了总结。     

Implementing Coloured Petri Nets Using a Functional Programming Language

Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs) are a graphically oriented modelling language for concurrent systems based on Petri Nets and the functional programming language Standard ML. Petri Nets provide the primitives for modelling concurrency and synchronisation. Standard ML provides the primitives for modelling data manipulation and for creating compact and parameterisable CPN models.Functional programming and Standard ML have played a major role in the development of CPNs and the CPN computer tools supporting modelling, simulation, verification, and performance analysis of concurrent systems. At the modelling language level, Standard ML has extended Petri Nets with the practical expressiveness required for modelling systems of the size and complexity found in typical industrial projects. At the implementation level, Standard ML has been used to implement the formal semantics of CPNs that provide the theoretical foundation of the CPN computer tools.This paper provides an overview of how functional programming and Standard ML are applied in the CPN modelling language and the supporting computer tools. We give a detailed presentation of the key algorithms and techniques used for implementing the formal semantics of CPNs, and we survey a number of case studies where CPNs have been used for the design and analysis of systems. We also demonstrate how the use of a Standard ML programming environment has allowed Petri Nets to be used for the implementation of systems.     

FMS中动画仿真系统的设计与实现

ＦＭＳ动画仿真系统是通用单元控制器中的一个主要子系统，本文介绍了该系统的两个主要组成；     

基于质点-弹簧模型的布料仿真研究

运动微分方程的数值求解,是实现基于物理模型的织物仿真的技术关键.全面介绍了质点-弹簧模型的织物变形仿真技术,精确构建了织物的力学模型,并对几种不同的显性数值积分方法进行了详细比较,尤其是用RK-4方法对微分方程求解大大提高了解的稳定性.在此基础上,针对质点-弹簧模型在应用中存在过度拉伸的问题,指出了传统方法处理这个问题的缺陷,构造约束变形,合理解决了"超弹性"问题.此织物变形仿真技术已经应用于实际的织物动画仿真软件中,实践证明其仿真技术具有实用性和先进性.