光敏预聚物丙三醇三缩水甘油醚三丙烯酸酯的合成

以N,N 二甲基苄胺为催化剂、对羟基苯甲醚为阻聚剂,用丙三醇三缩水甘油醚和丙烯酸为主要原料合成了一种新型光敏预聚物———丙三醇三缩水甘油醚三丙烯酸酯。研究了反应温度,阻聚剂、催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响,优化的合成反应条件是温度90～110℃、N,N 二甲基苄胺的质量分数为0 80%～1 00%、对羟基苯甲醚的质量分数为0 20%～0 40%。把所合成的光敏预聚物加入光引发剂配成了光固化涂料,对其紫外光固化涂料膜进行了拉伸实验,测得其拉伸强度为27 14MPa,弹性模量946 85MPa,断裂伸长率3 72%。     

一缩二乙醇二缩水甘油醚双丙烯酸酯的合成

以一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(DGDE)和丙烯酸为原料,N,N-二甲基苄胺为催化剂,对羟基苯甲醚为阻聚剂,制得了一缩二乙二醇二缩水甘油醚双丙烯酸酯(ADGDE)。讨论了催化剂用量、反应温度等因素对反应的影响,并用FT-IR和Photo-DSC对ADGDE的化学结构及光固化行为进行了表征。结果表明,反应温度为100℃、催化剂用量为1 0%时催化效果和反应速率较理想,用对羟基苯甲醚作阻聚剂得到的ADGDE颜色较浅;ADGDE的光聚合速率随光引发剂的用量增加而提高。     

低黏度光敏预聚物聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚二丙烯酸酯的合成

以N,N-二甲基苯胺为催化剂、对羟基苯甲醚为阻聚剂,利用聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PEGDE)和丙烯酸为两种主要原料合成了一种低黏度光敏预聚物——聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚二丙烯酸酯。研究了反应温度、阻聚剂、催化剂用量这些因素对其反应的影响,结果表明优化的合成反应条件是温度90～105℃、m(催化剂)：m(PEGDE)=(0．007～0．009)：1、m(阻聚剂)：m(PEGDE)=(0．002～0．004)：1。同时,把产物作为光敏预聚物配成光固化涂料对其光固化膜进行了性能测试,其结果表明它的光固化膜较双酚A型环氧丙烯酸酯作为光敏预聚物配成涂料的光固化膜柔韧性好。     

环氧丙烯酸酯光敏涂料的研制

以液态双酚A环氧树脂和丙烯酸为反应原料,三苯基磷为催化剂,对苯二酚为阻聚剂制得了环氧丙烯酸光敏树酯,与活性稀释剂、光敏剂配制成环氧丙烯酸酯光敏涂料.研究了环氧树脂和丙烯酸的摩尔比、温度、投料方式等对合成反应的影响.同时也考查了光敏剂对涂料性能的影响.     

透248nmUV光纤涂料的研制

通过两步法合成了UV固化纯丙烯酸酯预聚物。第一步合成了带缩水甘油酯基的纯丙烯酸树脂,介绍了反应温度、引发剂和链转移剂对黏度的影响;第二步与丙烯酸反应,引入不饱和双键,介绍了原料配比、反应温度、催化剂和阻聚剂的影响。通过加入合适的活性稀释剂、光引发剂制备了UV固化纯丙烯酸酯。该涂料在248 nm波段透过率大于90%,可作为光纤一次被覆涂料,用于刻写光纤光栅。     

无溶剂体系中合成1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯

以1,4-丁二醇、丙烯酸为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,对苯二酚为阻聚剂,采用真空无溶剂直接酯化法合成1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯。探讨了催化剂、反应时间和温度以及酸醇比(丙烯酸与1,4-丁二醇摩尔比)对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,最佳的酯化反应条件为:丙烯酸/1,4-丁二醇为3,催化剂用量(占原料总质量,%)为0.5%,阻聚剂质量分数(占原料总质量,%)为0.25%,反应时间为8 h,反应温度为75⁸0℃。在此条件下,产物为淡黄色透明油状液体,收率可达80%。     

无溶剂体系中合成1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯

以1,4-丁二醇、丙烯酸为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,对苯二酚为阻聚剂,采用真空无溶剂直接酯化法合成1,4-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯。探讨了催化剂、反应时间和温度以及酸醇比(丙烯酸与1,4-丁二醇摩尔比)对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,最佳的酯化反应条件为:丙烯酸/1,4-丁二醇为3,催化剂用量(占原料总质量,%)为0.5%,阻聚剂质量分数(占原料总质量,%)为0.25%,反应时间为8 h,反应温度为75~80℃。在此条件下,产物为淡黄色透明油状液体,收率可达80%。     

丙烯酸十八醇醚酯合成与表征

以丙烯酸和十八醇醚为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,对苯二酚为阻聚剂,甲苯为携水剂,采用直接酯化法合成了丙烯酸十八醇醚酯.考察了丙烯酸与十八醇醚的摩尔比、催化剂和阻聚剂的用量、反应温度对反应的影响.确定了合成的最佳工艺:n(十八醇醚):n(丙烯酸)=1:1.2,对甲苯磺酸1.0％(质量分数),对苯二酚0.6％(质量分数),反...     

用于3D打印的光敏预聚物的制备及性能

以1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、丙烯酸为原料,三苯基膦为催化剂,对甲氧基苯酚为阻聚剂,合成了环氧丙烯酸酯预聚物,采用红外光谱分析了产物结构及固化反应。而后将其与不饱和树脂复合,通过粘度、表面张力、表干时间、体积收缩率等测试,研究了活性单体、光引发剂用量等对预聚物及复合树脂性能的影响。结果表明,在活性单体添加质量分数为35%,光引发剂质量分数为8%时,复合树脂表干时间为15 s左右,体积收缩率4.6%,符合3D打印对材料的一般要求。     

腰果酚缩水甘油醚的工艺技术研究

以腰果酚和环氧氯丙烷为主要原料,在催化剂苄基三乙基氯化铵的催化下合成了腰果酚缩水甘油醚。考察了反应条件对环氧值的影响,通过正交试验和单因素试验确定了合成腰果酚缩水甘油醚的适宜工艺条件为:n(腰果酚)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)∶n(氢氧化钠)=1∶5∶1.2,醚化温度为80℃,醚化时间为4 h,闭环温度为60℃,闭环时间为3 h,催化剂为腰果酚质量的2%,腰果酚缩水甘油醚的环氧值高达到0.279并且收率达到85.6%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。