基于本体和局部上下文分析的查询扩展方法

语义查询扩展中存在语义边界确定困难的问题。为此,提出一种基于本体和局部上下文分析的查询扩展方法。在本体扩展得到候选扩展概念的基础上,改进筛选函数,结合局部上下文对候选扩展概念集进行二次筛选。实验结果表明,与基于本体的查询扩展方法相比,该方法的查询性能较高。     

一种基于本体和用户日志的查询扩展方法

为了解决信息检索中存在的用词歧义性问题,提出一种基于本体和用户日志的查询扩展方法。利用领域本体从语义层面扩展用户查询形成初始扩展概念集,结合用户查询日志利用共现度分析对初始扩展概念集进行二次筛选。实验结果表明,与传统的基于局部共现的扩展方法和基于本体的扩展方法相比较,该方法在保障良好鲁棒性的同时,有效地提高了检索准确率。     

基于本体和局部上下文分析的查询扩展

在信息检索过程中,因查询词短少而引起的检索歧义性是影响检索效率的主要原因之一,而查询扩展方法和本体扩展方法能有效改善这一问题.提出一种基于本体和局部上下文分析的查询扩展方法:本体扩展根据本体推理规则对短查询词进行推理,得到与查询词有逻辑关联的推理结果集,为查询词加入了标准化的关联信息.局部上下文分析通过对文档库的分析,在与用户查询词最相关的前m篇文档中抽取与用户查询词最相关的n个扩展词,为查询词加入了统计扩展信息.将两部分扩展查询词合并,再通过扩展查询词相关度计算对搜索结果集进行排序.该方法结合了这两种方法的各自优势,从语义角度扩展关键词.实验分析表明,该方法能有效提高检索查全率和查准率.     

基于局部共现分析和概念语义的查询扩展研究

针对信息检索中文档与查询之间的词不匹配问题,提出了一种基于共现分析和概念语义的查询扩展方法.该方法结合概念语义空间和局部共现分析来实现扩展,并改进了扩展词筛选函数.实验结果表明,该方法对于传统的查询扩展技术的信息查询效果有了很大提高,具有较好的查询性能.     

基于Copulas框架的混合式查询扩展方法

基于语义资料和局部分析的混合式查询扩展可以同时提供具有语义相关性和时效性的扩展结果,但如何有效地混合不同相似度度量指标是尚未解决的问题。提出了一种基于Copulas框架的混合式查询扩展方法,在统一框架内实现了不同类型相似度度量指标的合并。该方法基于语义分析及词语共现分析方法,分别计算扩展词与用户查询词的语义及统计相似概率,进而在Copulas框架下融合扩展词集,选取最高质量的扩展词形成查询扩展。实验结果表明,该方法充分利用了语义及词语共现分析查询扩展方法的优点,有效地弥补了两者的不足,提高了搜索结果的查准率,具有更优的搜索性能。     

扩展UDDI以支持语义信息的研究

介绍了一种扩展UDDI以支持语义信息的方法,即在注册Web服务时添加语义信息,并支持基于语义的查询。首先在UDDI系统中加入一个领域本体库,再为该UDDI中的每个注册服务添加语义信息,并将服务和本体库的对应关系存入到UDDI的数据库中。在服务申请者查询Web服务时,由用户提供语义查询模板,根据用户描述的本体语义信息得到候选服务列表,再根据用户对服务质量的要求计算候选服务的匹配度,将候选服务依照其匹配度的大小顺序返回给用户。     

基于相关性和语义相似度融合的查询扩展方法

针对局部共现查询扩展算法查准率不高、性能差的缺点,提出了一种基于相关性和语义相似度的查询扩展算法RSIQE（relativity and similarity inosculate query expansion）。该方法首先用局部共现查询扩展算法扩展出n个相关扩展词,继而利用知网资源计算查询的相似度和扩展词的相关性,在此基础上融合扩展的相关度来得到N个扩展词的排序,通过对扩展词序列赋权来重新计算新查询中各词的权重,由新查询词赋权迭代得到检索结果。实验表明,该扩展方法比传统局部共现查询扩展算法不仅具有更优的检索性能,而且检索精度进一步提高。     

扩展UDDI以支持语义信息的研究

介绍了一种扩展UDDI以支持语义信息的方法,即在注册Web服务时添加语义信息,并支持基于语义的查询.首先在UDDI系统中加入一个领域本体库,再为该UDDI中的每个注册服务添加语义信息,并将服务和本体库的对应关系存入到UDDI的数据库中.在服务申请者查询Web服务时,由用户提供语义查询模板,根据用户描述的本体语义信息得到候选服务列表,再根据用户对服务质量的要求计算候选服务的匹配度,将候选服务依照其匹配度的大小顺序返回给用户.     

基于本体的查询扩展研究

查询扩展是优化信息检索的一种有效方法。基于关键词的查询扩展对语义信息的忽略为结果带来了不好的影响,因而提出一种基于本体的查询扩展方法。首先建立本体模型,通过计算本体中的概念语义相似度和实例语义相似度,实现语义查询扩展。     

基于语义分析的查询扩展方法

查询扩展是优化信息检索的有效途径。为此,提出一种基于语义分析的查询扩展方法,利用基于互信息的共现模型分析初检文档,并将其作为部分扩展源,用模型的统计结果剪枝由语义词典WordNet生成的语义树,限制扩展范围。从初检文档和语义词典两方面选取扩展词对原查询进行扩展形成新的查询集。对返回结果进行重排序,调整前n篇文档的查准率。实验证明该方法是切实可行的。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.