浅谈原油在线调合技术

阐述了原油在线调合技术在国内外的现状及发展趋势,并具体介绍了原油在线调合体系中的调合方式、快速评价系统及优化调合系统。     

炼油厂储运系统创效措施之原油调合

近年,部分炼油企业已经开始适量采购低价油种,将其与企业主要加工的油种混合进入常减压装置,这样可以明显降低原油采购的成本,从源头上提高企业效益。但是,国内大部分的原油调合是靠操作人员在生产过程中,根据装置运行状况摸索混合比例。伴随着原油调合技术的发展,这个问题已经得到了有效的解决。     

汽油调合优化软件的开发

针对国内炼油厂的现状,采用分级优化策略开发了汽油调合优化软件。软件提供调合调度优化、离线配方优化和在线调合优化等三个层次的优化方案,以实现对汽油调合工段的全面优化。描述了各优化模块的功能及它们的应用策略,并详细地给出了各模块的优化数学模型,最后阐述了软件的开发及扩展方向。     

中国石化华北管道原油调合优化模型开发与应用

运用线性规划理论,以PIMS软件为依托开发了专门用于管道原油调合优化的XPIMS模型,解决了区域原油多厂多周期共同优化问题。其应用案例表明,该模型不仅可同时为三个月的原油运作提供详细的可执行的安排表,而且可以对不同原油进行价格比选,为原油选购提供决策依据。     

近红外光谱分析技术在原油调合中的应用

介绍了当前应用于原油性质快速测定的近红外光谱分析仪和分析技术,以及该技术在原油调合中的应用,分析了该技术在炼厂应用时应注意的问题,为今后技术改进提供参考.该技术的分析系统由分析仪、原油基础数据库、近红外谱图数据库和分析软件组成.     

基于原油快速评价及机理模型实现原油加工优化

常减压原油蒸馏是炼化企业的龙头装置,其馏分油性质的稳定是下游二次装置平稳操作的保障。使用流程模拟软件建立了基于标定数据的离线模型与基于快速评价原油性质和仪表数据的实时模型。采用实时模型,以产品质量达标作为优化目标提出参数调整建议。实操结果表明,产品质量可被有效地控制在指标范围内。此外,实时模型还可用于优化经济效益,基于所研究的工况,能够提升经济效益8. 1元/t。     

汽油在线优化调合系统的工业应用

介绍了汽油在线优化调合系统在中国石油化工股份有限公司洛阳分公司的应用情况。半年多的应用表明汽油调合精确度得到了提高，减少了质量过剩，使汽油辛烷值富裕量不超过0．2个单位，在线检测指标控制在出厂标准内，并达到一次调合成功率100％。     

新型汽油在线优化调合系统

概述了国内外炼油厂汽油调合的基本情况及最新技术动态;提出了新型汽油在线优化调合系统的软件系统、硬件系统及总体设计方案;介绍了具体优化算法及实施;校验了系统模型的准确性和优化算法的有效性,分析了系统提高效益的原因.     

基于序的原油调合调度问题

原油在线调合调度对于平稳混炼原油性质、保障先进控制的实施和优化炼油计划具有重要的意义。原油调合调度问题由于既包括顺序变量又包括连续变量,不存在明确的问题结构,复杂度高,传统的优化方法效率低,不能满足在线实时的要求。本文针对问题的两层结构提出了基于序的求解方案,利用实际原油性质数据的仿真结果表明,基于序的求解算法可以大幅度提高计算效率。     

柴油在线调合优化控制系统设计与分析

通过对柴油质量指标体系和添加剂作用分析,柴油在线调合优化控制涉及的主要问题的分析,设计了柴油在线调合优化控制系统。     

Application of ultrasound on crude oil pretreatment

The ultrasonic irradiation for crude oil pretreatment to enhance desalting process was investigated. The intensity and irradiation time of ultrasound were studied. The settling time and the temperature of treatment for crude oil were also studied. Micrographs in this paper showed that the sizes of water drops were enlarged by more than 30% after the proper ultrasonic irradiation. The crude oil was pretreated for 5 min at 80 °C in the standing-wave field with frequency of 10 kHz and with ultrasonic intensity of 0.38 W cm⁻². After the pretreatment, the dewatering rate and desalting rate were up to 92.6% and 87.9%, respectively in 90 min of settling time. The resulting final salt content of 3.85 mg L⁻¹ is acceptable for refinery.     

The optimization and prediction of properties for crude oil blending

Research into the properties of mixed crude oils has been the most important research for refineries and oil transportation. Because the desirable nature of mixed crude oils is a powerful guarantee for normal operations and corporate earnings. In this paper, the optimization and prediction model for Shanbei crude oil blending is established. The objectives were to improve the total yield of fractions and the compatibility and to reduce the viscosity of the mixed crude oils. After solving the model, two applicable proportions for mixed crude oils were given. With these proportions, two samples of mixed oils were prepared and distilled. The test results showed that the model was valid. The study of the viscosity and compatibility index was introduced to the optimization model because forecasting those properties in mixed crude oils has a certain significance.     

超声波在辽河原油脱钙中的应用

针对辽河高钙原油研制开发了无磷不含金属的高效脱钙剂,利用原子吸收光谱法对原油在超声波作用下实验前后的钙、镍、铁及镁4种金属含量进行分析,考察了反应时间、超声波的频率及强度对原油脱金属率的影响.结果表明,注水率为10%、反应时间为15 min,超声波的频率28 kHz及强度8W/cm时,原油的脱钙率达到90%以上,其它3种金属的脱除率达到70%以上.     

Dynamic crude oil fouling prediction in industrial preheaters using optimized ANN based moving window technique

The objective of this paper is to develop and validate a reliable, efficient and robust artificial neural network (ANN) model for online monitoring and prediction of crude oil fouling behavior for industrial shell and tube heat exchangers. To explore the complex dynamics of fouling, a new modeling strategy based on moving-window neural network approach is proposed. The essential character of this modeling approach is online updating of the ANN model whenever a new data block is available, so that it can effectively capture the slowly changing of process dynamics. The results of these models have been compared with appropriate sets of experimental data. The mean relative errors (MRE) of training and prediction subsets were about 6.61% and 8.06%, respectively. Since the data extraction in the refinery was performed every 2 h, the modeling approach led to an MRE of about 8% for fouling rate prediction of the next 50 h.     

含硫和高硫原油的加工技术

介绍了俄罗斯原油、委内瑞拉原油的一般性质及目前国内首套加工俄罗斯原油的5.5 Mt/a常减压装置的主要工艺路线和新技术特点,并针对俄罗斯原油的性质和该常减压装置的设计特点、运行中存在的问题和采取的对策及建议进行了分析讨论,如装置对加工俄罗斯原油的适应性问题、以及轻烃回收问题等,同时也对3.5 Mt/a常减压装置掺炼委内瑞拉高硫原油以及第二次加工装置的运行情况加以分析,为国内大量加工俄罗斯原油及委内瑞拉原油装置的设计提供了良好的借鉴经验。     

Experimental investigation of foam performance in the presence of crude oil

The foam performance in the presence of oil plays an important role in foam application in enhancing oil recovery. The present study systematically investigated the effect of oil type, oil content, surfactant type, surfactant concentration, alkane chain length, salinity, and polymer concentration on foam performance in both the absence and presence of oil. The results showed that oil viscosity and oil density as well as oil component all contributed to foam performance in the presence of oil. Within a certain oil content, both light oil and heavy oil had a positive effect on foam, but heavy oil had a higher tendency to stabilize the foam. The order of foam performance by different surfactants was changed by the oil. It is noteworthy that heavy oil is detrimental to sodium dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate (BM) foam. Light oil can improve foam performance while heavy oil can harm foam in some specific cases. Lower salinity, longer alkane chain length, higher surfactant concentration and the presence of a polymer all benefited foam in the presence of crude oil.     

Effects of cultivar and tempering procedures on crude soybean oil volatiles

The effects of soybean cultivar and tempering procedures on crude soybean oil volatiles were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Varietal differences in volatiles were not obvious. Trends in volatile contents due to tempering were noted primarily when comparing mean peak areas of these compounds in oils stored 16 days at 60°C. Differences in volatiles in response to tempering were not apparent in oils that had not been stored. Equilibration of beans with water resulted in oils with higher volatile contents than those from untempered beans. Steaming lowered volatiles from equilibrated values, and pressure steaming had an even more dramatic lowering effect.     

高酸原油脱酸技术的研究进展

分析了常规高酸原油脱酸工艺的不足,介绍了近几年国内外对高酸原油脱酸的新工艺方法,如离子液体原油脱酸、脱酸剂技术脱酸、高温热解脱酸等方法。新技术将对原油脱酸技术的发展起到一定的推动作用,其中咪唑型阳离子脱酸具有较大的应用前景。     

Online droplet diameter measurements to improve the crude oil dehydration process

Emulsion droplet size is information of paramount importance in the design and evaluation of oil–water separators. This paper describes the application of a technique for in situ determination of water droplet diameter distribution (DDD) in actual production scenarios. We discuss the DDD and water content measurements in emulsions obtained during normal operation and plant upsets including variations of the demulsifier chemical dosage or tripping of the electrostatic coalescer grids inside a large dehydrator vessel operated on a crude oil production field in Saudi Arabia. It is demonstrated that DDD data can provide a detailed understanding of the oil–water separation phenomena occurring inside the dehydrator vessel, which helped in planning process recovery strategies in the event of a plant upset.     

原油加剂强化蒸馏的研究进展

为了提高轻质油收率,解决石油市场的供需矛盾,人们提出并开发了原油强化蒸馏技术。为此,介绍了加剂强化蒸馏作用机理,归纳了活化剂的设计原则和主要成分,通过对原油强化蒸馏的实验研究和工业应用的总结,指出了其目前存在的问题,并对原油强化蒸馏今后的发展提出一些建议。