An ant colony optimization based stereoscopic particle pairing algorithm for three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry

An ant colony optimization (ACO) based stereoscopic particle matching algorithm has been developed for three-dimensional (3-D) particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). In a stereoscopic particle pairing process, each individual particle in the left camera frame should be uniquely paired with the most probable correct partner in the right camera frame or vice-versa for evaluating the exact 3-D coordinate of the particles. In the present work, a new algorithm based on an ant colony optimization has been proposed for this stereoscopic particle matching. The algorithm is tested with various standard 3-D particle image velocimetry (PIV) images of the Visualization Society of Japan (VSJ) and the matching results show that the performance of the stereoscopic particle pairing is improved by applying proposed ACO techniques in comparison to the conventional nearest-neighbor particle pairing method of 3-D stereoscopic PTV.     

Application of Delaunay tessellation for the characterization of solute-rich clusters in atom probe tomography

This work presents an original method for cluster selection in Atom Probe Tomography designed to be applied to large datasets. It is based on the calculation of the Delaunay tessellation generated by the distribution of atoms of a selected element. It requires a single input parameter from the user. Furthermore, no prior knowledge of the material is needed. The sensitivity of the proposed Delaunay cluster selection is demonstrated by its application on simulated APT datasets. A strong advantage of the proposed methodology is that it is reinforced by the availability of an analytical model for the distribution of Delaunay cells circumspheres, which is used to control the accuracy of the cluster selection procedure. Another advantage of the Delaunay cluster selection is the direct calculation of a sharp envelope for each identified cluster or precipitate, which leads to the more appropriate morphology of the objects as they are reconstructed in the APT dataset.     

基于维诺图匹配的粒子跟踪测速法

针对密集颗粒流速度场分布的测量问题,提出了基于维诺图匹配的粒子跟踪测速法。首先,通过对图像粒子进行维诺图构建,给出面积相似度筛选匹配粒子的条件;其次,引入Delaunay三角网搜索结构,通过计算维诺多边形的形状相似度来匹配粒子;再次,研究了去除错误匹配粒子矢量的方法和匹配算法中的关键参数;最后,通过模拟二维旋转流场运动以及二维转盘中的颗粒流实验对算法进行了测试。结果表明:维诺图匹配的匹配准确率高于DT-PTV并且在处理密集粒子匹配效果上更好;维诺图匹配算法适用于测量密集颗粒流速度场分布,颗粒匹配准确率高达99%,并由得到的颗粒流速度场分布验证了算法的有效性。     

3D and 2D experimental views on the flow field of gas-evolving electrode cold model for electrolysis magnesium

In the magnesium electrolysis process, chlorine gas bubbles release at the surfaces of anode and affect electrolyte flow patterns. This paper presents an experimental apparatus to simulate the flow field induced by chlorine gas evolution at the gas-evolving electrodes of magnesium electrolysis cell. The three-dimensional flow structures were determined by using volumetric three-component velocimetry (V3V) technique, which has the ability to capture the out-of-plane velocity component. The three-dimensional flow structures in the region with a depth about 120 mm can be obtained. To achieve this, approximately 15,000 three-dimensional velocity vectors were detected in the flow measurements and constituted the three-dimensional flow field, which eliminated the perspective error caused by the out-of-plane motion in Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method. In experiments, comparisons are made between the V3V and PIV results. The in-of-plane velocities data obtained by V3V technique have the same trend with the PIV results, and V3V provides more details in the third direction for the flow field accurately.     

Characterization of swirling-flow behavior in complex pipeline using bubble trajectory method with stereo particle tracking/image velocimetry

To understand the swirling-flow behavior in a complex pipeline geometry comprising an elbow and orifice, a quantitative flow visualization technique is introduced into the flow-field observation using a bubble trajectory method combined with stereo particle tracking/image velocimetry. For the chosen bubble sizes of approximately 2 mm un a pipe of 56 mm in diameter, their motion is correlated with the mean swirling flow, and when analyzed in a straight swirling flow, the bubbles cluster close to the point of maximum axial velocity for swirl intensities larger than 0.3. Subsequently, this experimental technique is applied to the characterization of a swirling flow in the Mihama pipeline model, for which the streamwise variation of the location of the maximum axial velocity and its magnitude are measured over the full range of the pipeline model. A spiral swirling flow is observed downstream of the elbow owing to the combined effect of the swirling and secondary flows in the elbow. The spiral swirling flow persists in the following straight pipe down to the orifice, where a highly accelerated flow with a high turbulence is generated towards the top wall of the pipe. This result agrees closely with the observation of pipe-wall thinning in the prototype Mihama pipeline.     

Motion analysis on the particles in a magnetic field detector

This paper, as the title indicates, deals with the depositing mechanism of the particles under the magnetic field in the lubricant for on-line ferrograph or oil analysis. Lubricant, containing ferromagnetic particles, is taken as the multiphasic ferromagnetic fluid in ferrograph detecting. By measuring and regressing, the distribution formulas of magnetic density and magnetic density gradient of an electromagnet are gained. The variance law of viscosity of lubricant in the non-uniform magnetic field is studied and a viscosity formula is put forward. The motion law of ferromagnetic particles in the non-uniform magnetic field is studied and a standpoint is put forward, which is that the ferromagnetic particles cannot achieve a constant sinking velocity in a non-uniform magnetic field. The factors influencing particles motion, such as particle diameter, ratio of particles volume and air bubbles, are also studied. Some results are obtained and discussed, which are of practical significance in the research and design of on-line ferrograph and other methods of on-line oil monitoring.     

跨声速涡轮级三维流场的数值模拟

采用FLUENT软件对某变循环发动机的高压跨声速涡轮级的三维粘性流场进行了数值模拟计算,使用混合平面法实现涡轮级动、静三维流场联算,计算中分别采用两个典型的双方程模型RNGk-ε模型和realizable k-ε模型,并将计算结果进行了对比,结果在一定程度上表明在分离流计算和带二次流的复杂流动计算中,Realizable k-ε模型的计算结果更精细一些.同时分析了其内部流场以及通道内总压损失的分布情况,为进一步改进叶型设计提供了理论依据.     

The shape of field emitters and the ion trajectories in three-dimensional atom probes

The lateral resolution of three-dimensional atom probes is mainly controlled by the aberrations of the ion trajectories near the specimen surface. For the first time, a simulation program has been developed to reconstruct the ion trajectories near a sharp hemispherical electrode defined at the atomic scale. Surface atoms submitted to the highest field were removed one by one. The consecutive gradual change of the surface topology was taken into account in the calculation of ion trajectories. As the tip was 'field evaporated', the initial spherical shape of the emitter was observed to transform gradually into a polygonal shape. When the tip reached its equilibrium shape, the field distribution at the tip surface was found to be much more uniform compared to the initial distribution. The calculated distribution of ion impacts on the detector exhibits the presence of depleted zones both at the centre of low index poles and along <001> zone axes. These predictions are in excellent agreement with experiments.     

Flow field investigation in a rectangular shallow reservoir using UVP, LSPIV and numerical modelling

Low velocity and shallow-depth flow fields often are a challenge to most velocity measuring instruments. In the framework of a research project on reservoir sedimentation, the influence of the reservoir geometry on sediment transport and deposition was studied. An inexpensive and accurate technique for Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) was developed to measure the surface velocity field in 2D. An Ultrasonic Doppler Velocity Profiler (UVP) and LSPIV techniques were used for verification and validation of the numerical simulations. The velocities measured by means of UVP allowed an instantaneous measurement of the 1D velocity profile over the whole flow depth. The turbulence large-scale structures and jet expansion in the basin have been determined based on UVP, LSPIV and numerical simulations. Vertical velocity distributions were defined to study the vertical velocity effect. UVP measurements confirm 2D flow map in shallow reservoir. LSPIV has potential to measure low velocities. The comparison between LSPIV, UVP and numerical simulation gives good agreements.     

直流低速风洞流场特性研究

对一直流低速风洞的试验段流场品质进行实验研究,利用IFA300热膜风速仪测量了风洞试验段的流场,获得试验段两截面中心线上速度和湍流度分布,结果表明,该风洞具有较好的流场均匀性和稳定性,具备了开展横流中的紊动射流实验研究的基本条件。     

铝热精轧轧制区温度场三维有限元模拟

根据某铝热连轧厂生产线实际结构参数和工艺参数,应用弹塑性有限元法,考虑轧件金属塑性变形热、摩擦热、界面接触热导等对轧件和轧辊传热的影响,运用大型通用有限元分析软件MSC.Marc建立了铝热连轧精轧机组F2机架的热力耦合三维有限元仿真模型.通过分析轧件温度场的分布规律,为更好地控制轧件的温度分布、提高产品的质量提供依据.     

省级检定业务风洞流场特性研究

针对甘肃省气象计量检定站改造后的HDF-500直流低速风洞,对其流场特性进行研究.通过对风洞试验段内气流流速的测量结果计算和分析,表明该风洞的试验段风速与变频器频率呈线性关系,且气流流速范围达到改造的要求.改造后风洞的气流稳定性、均匀性、气流偏角和噪音均符合性能要求,具备开展检定业务的基本条件.     

超音速风洞大口径蝶阀流场分析及改进

介绍了超音速风洞大口径蝶阀的配置形式。运用COSMOSFloWorks软件分析了不同结构蝶板及蝶阀不同开度情况下的流场情况。通过在蝶板上增加蒙皮以及在蒙皮上开孔的方式改善了蝶阀的流场,蝶阀配置旁路阀的方式改善了蝶阀的使用工况,从而降低了蝶阀的故障率,延长了蝶阀的使用寿命。     

基于Kp微扰算法的磁场中MMM信号特征的研究

金属磁记忆(MMM)法可以对铁磁性金属构件微观损伤区域进行早期预判和评估,但是磁记忆信号很容易受到外界强磁场的干扰,给检测结果带来偏差。为研究磁场强度对磁记忆信号的影响规律,采用Kp微扰算法,在K空间,通过有效玻尔磁子数p建立多元超原胞磁力学模型,计算在外界磁场作用下,磁力学定量变化关系。研究结果表明,在外界磁场作用下,电子轨道运动增强,晶格结构发生畸变,原子磁矩增大。当磁场较小时,磁记忆信号随外界磁场强度增大而线性增大;当磁场强度达到临界值时,原子磁矩近似等于独立原子的磁矩,磁记忆信号趋于定值;当磁场强度大于临界值以后,应力集中区的磁记忆信号将被磁场覆盖。磁记忆检测实验结果与理论分析结果具有很好的一致性。     

缓凝砂浆在单螺旋输送中的ANSYS流场研究与分析

应用ANSYS软件,在宾汉姆体缓凝砂浆螺旋输送理论和单螺杆挤出机中流场的数值研究基础上,以一个螺旋长度为对象,对挤出机中的流体进行了模拟.结合假设经过简化和边界处理,得出单螺杆挤出机中缓凝砂浆的三维流场.根据所得流场分析结果,确定流动"死区"的存在,为输送理论和数值流场分析的结论提供可视化验证方法,同时为机件的设计提供参考.