矿用空压机性能测试分析仪的研究与开发

矿用空气压缩机性能测试仪是以国家安全生产行业标准煤矿在用空气压缩机系统安全检测检验规范为依据研究开发的,主要用于空气压缩机性能的自动测试、分析处理和检验报告的生成。以虚拟仪器技术为基础,研究确定了基于软件算法的排气压力、排气温度、流量、转速、功率等主要参数的测试方法,开发了基于USB总线的便携式仪器硬件和基于组件的测试分析软件。     

光声光谱气体探测器的新发展

首先回顾了光声光谱仪的历史。接着介绍了光声光谱气体探测器的工作原理,讨论了近十年来出现的新颖的光源、微音器及光声池这三个光声系统中的主要器件,详尽介绍了其优缺点及适用范围。最后探讨了气体光声光谱探测系统的发展趋势。     

便携式环境空气VOCs现场快速分析仪的研制与应用

介绍了便携式环境空气VOCs现场快速分析仪的结构、基本原理及应用。分别对仪器的各部件(如气源系统、过滤/净化系统、进样系统、检测器系统、流量控制系统、自动控制系统、数据采集处理系统)的研制进行了详细的阐述。便携式环境空气VOCs现场快速分析仪采用的是气相色谱法,内置自主研发的光离子化检测器,用空气做载气,通过"零点空气"过滤/净化处理,配合自动控制、数据采集和专业色谱分析软件,实现了对环境空气VOCs现场、原位、快速、连续检测等应用,具有通用性强和市场前景广等优点。     

基于ARM的便携式导弹武器液压系统故障诊断仪设计

为提高导弹的生存能力,设计一种基于ARM1176JZF-S内核和Linux操作系统的便携式导弹武器液压系统故障诊断仪。介绍了系统的软硬件架构,并详细讨论了信号采集、A/D转换、供电方式、故障诊断算法、用户界面等关键技术。该系统通过采集液压系统的压力、流量、温度、振动等信号对液压系统故障进行诊断,采用基于案例和神经网络的混合推理机制作为故障诊断方法。应用结果表明,该诊断仪能够快速、有效地实现液压系统的故障诊断。     

A VXI instrument for real-time tracking of impedances

A VXI instrument for impedance measurements, equipped with a TMS320C30 Digital Signal Processor, is presented. It implements two measurement techniques: the first, based on an image model approach, allows accurate impedance measurements, while the second, based on an amplitude-phase approach, is mainly oriented in increasing the instrument throughput. The hardware architecture and the software strategies adopted in the VXI instrument implementation are then described in detail. Experimental tests for a wide range of impedance values are then carried out for the instrument metrological characterization and throughput evaluation. Concluding remarks are finally reported.     

Elemental analysis of cemented carbides by calibration-free portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The process of cemented carbides manufacturing requires rapid and field elemental analytical techniques to control and evaluate the properties of products. Calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) is such a potential elemental analytical technique. In this work, a portable LIBS instrument combined with a CF method was developed for the analysis of cemented carbides. Three batches of cemented compact carbides without reference samples were analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples were achieved by using the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method. To validate the analysis results, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was used to analyze the samples as well. The results of CF-LIBS agreed well with the results of XRF, with relative errors between ?29.53 and 24.70%. The results demonstrated that the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method was capable for direct and rapid analysis without any need of standard measurements. Notably, with the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method, acceptable accuracy could be obtained, which is promising for practical field applications.     

便携式飞行时间质谱仪在汽车尾气在线检测中的应用

汽车尾气中的挥发性有机物（VOCs）是主要的人为排放污染源之一,排放到大气环境中的VOCs具有很高的反应活性,能够参与臭氧的生成,是形成二次有机气溶胶等污染物的重要前体物质。因此,研制开发适用于现场实时、在线检测VOCs的便携式分析仪器,是现代科学仪器发展的重要方向之一。本工作利用苯系物标准气体对自行研制的便携式膜进样真空紫外灯单光子电离飞行时间质谱仪整机进行性能测试,仪器的质量分辨率优于350,质量精度优于1×10^-4,对苯系物的检测限可达μg/m³级,动态范围优于3个数量级,仪器的总质量小于25 kg。将仪器放置户外对汽车尾气进行现场测试,基于该仪器高时间分辨率的特点,初步研究了汽车尾气排放VOCs的变化趋势与发动机工作状态的相关性。该仪器有望应用于环境应急事故、现场长期监测、化工园区生产工艺过程监控以及无组织排放等领域。     

便携式气质联用仪在环境污染事故应急监测中的一个应用实例

HAPSITE是一台便携式气质联用仪（GC-MS）,体积小、易携带,便于进行环境污染事故现场监测,适合于分析大气中或水中的挥发性有机物,在国内已被成功用于多起现场环境应急监测工作中。2010年5月图们市内山上发现埋藏的旧钢瓶导致了民众中毒突发事件,用HAPSITE快速检测出钢瓶内的挥发性有机污染物主要是光气,为很好解决这次环境污染事故提供了重要依据     

布风器形式对船舶会议室内气流分布影响的数值模拟

会议室内环境质量的优劣直接影响开会人员的工作效率。为分析布风器形式对会议室室内气流环境的影响。以某船舶会议室作为研究对象,以计算流体力学方法和传热学为基础,应用AIRPAK商用软件对会议室采用方形平板、圆形平板等4种布风器送风时的室内气流分布进行模拟。通过温度场、速度场、通风效率等的比较分析说明,孔板形布风器送风的温度场、速度场分布较均匀,热舒适性较好,平板形布风器送风的能量利用率高且除污效果较好。     

网络化手持式测试仪器的研究

随着计算机、通讯、微电子技术的不断提高和网络的蓬勃发展，测试技术网络化成为大势所趋。本文提出的网络化手持式测试仪器是一种典型的嵌入式系统，它体积小、重量轻、便于携带，而且可以接入Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ，集测试功能和通讯功能于一体，所以极具推广价值。本文就其软、硬件结构进行了详细探讨。最后推荐了一种客户机─服务器结构的分布式网络测试系统，作为网络化手持式测试仪器的分析中心。     

基于全域红外热成像的空预器积灰监测技术

空气预热器是燃煤火力机组的核心换热元件,由于氨逃逸引起的空预器堵灰现象,对其安全稳定运行会产生严重影响。针对堵灰问题,提出了一种基于全域红外热成像的空预器换热元件局部堵塞状态监测方法,运用高分辨率红外热成像测温技术实现换热元件温度的准确观测,同时采用多点协同观察和视角优化设计方法,达到换热元件全域观察能力,并设计集成边缘计算监测系统,对多点全域红外热像图进行实时智能识别与积灰诊断,红外画面与诊断结果经光纤通讯传输至机组监控中心。该方法可有效解决火力发电机组空预器积灰监测精准难题,确保机组空预器安全稳定运行。     

一种车载便携式消毒箱的电源设计

给出一种车载便携式仪器的电源设计方案,特别介绍了DC12WAC220V电源的设计,性能测试验证了设计的正确性.该电源在车载便携式消毒箱中得到应用.     

螺杆式空气压缩机性能测试系统设计

针对螺杆式空气压缩机的型式实验特点,应用多传感器同步数据采集、无线传输、虚拟仪器、弱电信号调理等技术,设计了基于软件测控的性能测试系统,完成对空气压缩机各性能参数的自动采集,实现对所测的数据处理、分析、存储、查询等功能,提高了空气压缩机性能测试水平.     

Robotic reconnaissance platform. I. Spectroscopic instruments with rangefinders

In this paper, basic principles of the design and implementation of a portable, multi-functional scientific instrument, operating from a robotic reconnaissance mobile platform are discussed. The current version of the instrument includes a multi-gas laser sensor, multi-functional spectrometer, isotopes identifier, cameras, and rangefinder. An additional set of sensors monitors temperature, pressure, humidity, and background radiation. All components are installed on a mini-robotic platform, which provides data acquisition, processing, and transmittance. The design focuses on the development of calibration-free, reliable, low power-consumption devices. To create a highly survivable, accurate, and reliable instrument, a concept of an inhomogeneous sensory network has been developed. Such a network combines non-identical sensors and provides cross-use of information received from different sensors to describe environmental conditions, to choose appropriate algorithms of data processing, and to achieve high accuracy gas-concentration measurements. The system uses the same lasers to operate different optical devices such as sensors, rangefinders, spectrometers, and isotopes identifiers. Among the innovative elements described in this paper, are a calibration-free, laser multi-gas sensor with range-finding option; a high signal/noise ratio transmittance spectrometer; a single-frequency laser with nano-selector; and low repetition-rate femtosecond fiber lasers operating in near- and middle- infrared spectral ranges. New detailed analyses of absorption spectroscopy theoretical approximations made it possible to achieve high-accuracy gas-concentration measurements with miniature optical sensors.     

毛细管气相色谱检测室内空气中挥发性有机化合物

利用毛细管气相色谱法测定室内空气中的总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)。实验表明,该方法能较快速、简便、准确地测定室内空气中的TVOC,改进现有的国家标准GB50325-2001的检测方法,使之更加适应室内空气监测的需要。     

基于连续函数近似法的空气污染源管控

本文根据空气污染源强度对杂质浓度影响的一致性评价方法,在几个固定点监测空气质量。在对空气中杂质传播过程的描述当中运用 Duhamel 定理的数值模拟。这种方法以合理复杂性的数学模型为基础,使模拟结果的准确性得到增加。根据静止或移动控制点中杂质浓度的测量结果,使污染物在大气中传播的逆问题通过顺序函数的近似值得以解决,且该解决方案以数字滤波器的形式提出。     

精密空气密度测量仪的计量特性

利用精密温度、湿度、压力传感器,便携式空气密度精密测量仪实现了对空气密度的高精度测量。本文介绍了该仪器的基本原理和主要功能,并以实验数据为基础,验证了该仪器性能的可靠性。     

Heterodyning based portable instrument for eddy currents non-destructive testing

The development and implementation of a portable eddy currents testing instrument with heterodyning based measurements is presented in this paper. The instrument is composed by a dedicated electronic measurement circuitry embedded inside a rugged tablet computer for control and visualization and that interfaces a small footprint planar eddy currents probe. A DDS waveform generator and a transconductance amplifier are used to drive the probe current. The probe output voltage is amplified up to 60 dB and down-converted to an intermediary frequency, which is then digitized. IQ demodulation of the digitized signal is used to obtain the real and imaginary components of the probe output and is computed in real time by the embedded digital signal processor and transmitted to the host computer by USB. The eddy currents testing instrument can be operated as a battery powered standalone device with post-processing and visualization capabilities which can be modified for specific applications without the need for hardware modifications. The system architecture, electrical characterization of the analog circuit, digital signal processing and visualization interface are described. The eddy currents inspection results of an aluminum sample with synthetic defects and friction stir welding joint samples, using this instrument are presented.     

对风机盘管噪声测试与控制方法的讨论

讨论了空调工程中常用的末端装置-风机盘管机组噪声测试方法和控制措施.依据相关标准规定,对A声压级测试方法进行了讨论.对于大多数末端设备,各种噪声源和路径会带来室内噪声问题.噪声源的控制需要与产品内部结构的设计相符,噪声传播路径的控制着重于使房间或建筑内末端设备安装工艺更合理.     

基于微处理器和实时操作系统的矿用通风机监测仪

根据通风机安全性能检测和煤矿生产的实际要求,开发了基于高性能32位ARM处理器STM32F103VB和嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的矿用通风机监测仪器。研究了通风机主要性能参数的测试方法,介绍了仪器硬件平台的组成和软件设计思路。