Modeling,control, and simulation of grid connected intelligent hybrid battery/photovoltaic system using new hybrid fuzzy-neural method

Nowadays, photovoltaic (PV) generation is growing increasingly fast as a renewable energy source. Nevertheless, the drawback of the PV system is its dependence on weather conditions. Therefore, battery energy storage (BES) can be considered to assist for a stable and reliable output from PV generation system for loads and improve the dynamic performance of the whole generation system in grid connected mode. In this paper, a novel topology of intelligent hybrid generation systems with PV and BES in a DC-coupled structure is presented. Each photovoltaic cell has a specific point named maximum power point on its operational curve (i.e. current–voltage or power–voltage curve) in which it can generate maximum power. Irradiance and temperature changes affect these operational curves. Therefore, the nonlinear characteristic of maximum power point to environment has caused to development of different maximum power point tracking techniques. In order to capture the maximum power point (MPP), a hybrid fuzzy-neural maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is applied in the PV system. Obtained results represent the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method, and the average tracking efficiency of the hybrid fuzzy-neural is incremented by approximately two percentage points in comparison to the conventional methods. It has the advantages of robustness, fast response and good performance. A detailed mathematical model and a control approach of a three-phase grid-connected intelligent hybrid system have been proposed using Matlab/Simulink.     

超级电容与蓄电池混合储能对微电网频率稳定性改善研究

随着越来越多的新能源发电并入微电网,单一储能技术已无法满足微电网对自身频率稳定性的要求。这时需要采用多元混合储能技术来改善微电网的频率稳定性。该文主要研究了微电网孤岛运行时,通过在交流母线处配置蓄电池和超级电容器两种储能装置,并且协调控制这两种储能装置的运行,来使微电网在风速扰动时系统频率能够快速地恢复稳定。通过对仿真结果的分析及比较,验证了所提出的混合储能方案对微电网孤岛运行时频率稳定性的改善作用优于单一储能方案。     

超级电容器储能系统充电模式控制设计

针对电网供电系统存在用电负荷和电能供应不平衡问题,设计了超级电容器储能系统。对设计的超级电容器储能系统两种工作模式(充电储能模式和放电释能模式)进行了介绍,对超级电容器储能系统充电储能运行模式时的双向DC/DC变流器工作方式进行了分析,同时设计了闭环控制参数,从而实现了对超级电容器储能系统充电储能过程的控制。实验结果表明,通过对双向DC/DC变流器在超级电容器充电工作模式时的闭环控制,有效地实现了对超级电容充电储能过程的控制。     

单轴飞轮储能与姿态控制系统误差分析

介绍了单轴飞轮储能及姿态控制一体化系统的总体构成和工作原理,研究并推导了系统的数学模型,分析了系统误差产生的原因,建立了转台角度位置误差与转子安装不同轴误差、转子偏心误差、飞轮速度测量与控制误差之间的误差关系式,并进行了误差合成。结合实际实验系统算出了各项误差,并对比和分析了各项误差。结果表明:影响系统位置精度的主要因素有飞轮安装不同轴误差、转动惯量误差和飞轮速度测量与控制误差等,其中飞轮转动惯量误差和飞轮安装不同轴误差是不可控量;而飞轮的转速测量与控制误差是可控量。最后提出了提高飞轮储能与姿态控制系统精度的主要方法,可以通过提高位置测量传感器和速度测量传感器的分辨率,采用先进的控制算法来降低飞轮的转速测量与控制误差。     

基于电压倍增器的混合储能系统电压均衡方法

传统主动均衡拓扑往往需要大量的开关管、电感、变压器或双向开关等元件实现能量传递,对于电动汽车而言,无疑会增加系统的体积和成本。鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于电压倍增器的电压均衡拓扑,用于锂离子电池和超级电容组成的混合储能系统。电池均衡拓扑和超级电容均衡充电器通过复用半桥逆变电路集成到仅含2个开关管、3个电感以及若干电容和二极管的电路中,可有效降低混合储能系统的体积和成本。电池均衡拓扑具有自模块化特性,电压均衡速度更快,超级电容充电器具有恒流充电特性。本文详细描述了该拓扑的工作模态和波形,并利用PSIM仿真验证了其均衡特性。最后,设计了由4个电池和4个超级电容所组成的混合阵列进行实验验证。实验结果表明,均衡后单体间电压极差降至10 mV以下,证明了所提方法的有效性。     

地铁混合储能系统及其功率动态分配控制方法

针对城市地铁制动能量瞬时大功率、短时大能量等引起的牵引网电压安全问题,提出采用超级电容-锂电池组成双DC/DC架构的混合储能系统进行制动能量吸收。通过引入制动电阻辅助分流,研究采用电压分级的方法实现混合储能系统中超级电容、锂电池以及制动电阻的启停控制;同时根据一阶低通滤波法以及基于超级电容荷电状态的动态滤波常数调整方法,优化超级电容组和锂电池组的输出功率,并在MATLAB中搭建了仿真模型。仿真结果表明该控制方法可以有效抑制牵引网电压的波动,同时提高了混合储能系统整体性能和性价比。     

储能/姿控一体化飞轮能耗试验研究

给出了储能/姿控一体化飞轮在高速运转下能量损耗测试原理及方法,建立了飞轮能耗试验系统,进行了能耗试验,分析了飞轮能耗的组成及其影响因素,在试验的基础上,给出了降低飞轮系统能耗的方法。飞轮能耗包括机械损耗、风阻损耗及电损耗,其中比重最大的部分为轴承摩擦导致的机械损耗。提高真空度可以有效降低风阻损耗及电损耗,但机械损耗不受影响,机械损耗随转速升高而增大。在10 000 r/min以下飞轮能耗较低,飞轮具有较好的性能,当转速高于10 000 r/min后机械损耗急剧上升,需要采用磁轴承支撑来降低机械损耗。     

飞轮储能系统用无刷直流电机驱动系统的设计

飞轮储能是一种高效的能量储存方式,其中的双向能量转换系统是它的重要组成部分,关系着飞轮储能系统(FESS)能否可靠、高效的运行。针对某高速飞轮储能系统中的一体化永磁无刷直流电动/发电机驱动问题,首先在分析了无刷直流电动/发电机驱动理论的基础上,采用DSP作为控制核心、IPM作为主电路构建了一体化永磁无刷直流电动/发电机的驱动系统,然后在Matlab/Simulink中建立了该驱动系统的模型,并对其性能进行了仿真,提出并解决了PWM调节过程中电动/发电机电流上升过慢的问题;最后制作了驱动系统,完成了系统的运行实验,成功的将一体化电动/发电机驱动至10 500 r/min,并实现了发电运行。实验结果验证了驱动系统的可靠性。     

Fractional order fuzzy control of hybrid power system with renewable generation using chaotic PSO

This paper investigates the operation of a hybrid power system through a novel fuzzy control scheme. The hybrid power system employs various autonomous generation systems like wind turbine, solar photovoltaic, diesel engine, fuel-cell, aqua electrolyzer etc. Other energy storage devices like the battery, flywheel and ultra-capacitor are also present in the network. A novel fractional order (FO) fuzzy control scheme is employed and its parameters are tuned with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm augmented with two chaotic maps for achieving an improved performance. This FO fuzzy controller shows better performance over the classical PID, and the integer order fuzzy PID controller in both linear and nonlinear operating regimes. The FO fuzzy controller also shows stronger robustness properties against system parameter variation and rate constraint nonlinearity, than that with the other controller structures. The robustness is a highly desirable property in such a scenario since many components of the hybrid power system may be switched on/off or may run at lower/higher power output, at different time instants.     

电动汽车复合能源系统再生制动分段控制策略研究

为了提高电动汽车复合能源系统的制动能量回收效率,对蓄电池,超级电容和双向DC/DC变换器相结合的复合能源系统和常规控制策略进行了研究,改进了复合能源系统,使其具有3种再生制动工作模式,并提出了再生制动分段控制策略。在高速段、中速段和低速段3个不同的阶段,采用了不同的再生制动控制方式,并根据超级电容电压、电机转速等因素确定了各阶段间切换时刻。通过电机制动电流和各阶段切换时刻优化控制,实现了平稳制动。以微型电动汽车为搭载对象,对常规控制策略和分段控制策略在两种不同初始制动车速下进行了制动工况的实测实验。实验结果表明,在分段控制策略作用下,微型电动汽车制动平稳,制动能量回收效率得到了提升。     

增程式电动汽车能量管理策略控制参数优化研究

为了进一步提高增程式电动汽车发动机的燃油经济性和排放性,对基本遗传算法进行改进,生成改进的自适应遗传算法,并将其应用于增程式电动汽车能量管理策略控制参数的优化。通过权值函数的方法将燃油消耗和排放多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题,并采用罚函数的方法对工况运行前后蓄电池荷电状态的增量进行约束,对增程式电动汽车发动机燃油经济性和排放性进行优化仿真。仿真结果表明,采用改进的自适应遗传算法能够有效优化增程式电动汽车能量管理系统的控制参数,使发动机的燃油经济性和排放性得到较大的提高。     

Synthesis and microstructural studies of annealed Cu2O/CuxS bilayer as transparent electrode material for photovoltaic and energy storage devices

Cu₂O thin film and a transparent bilayer have been fabricated by electrodeposition method. The growths were obtained in potentiostatic mode with gradual degradation of anodic current. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that the bilayer is polycrystalline and it possesses mixture of different crystallite phases of copper oxides. Surface morphology of the films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images revealed that the films were uniformly distributed and the starting material (Cu₂O) had cubical structure. Grains agglomeration and crystallinity were enhanced by annealing. Optical studies indicated that all the samples have direct allowed transition. Energy band gap of the bilayer film was reduced by annealing treatment thus corroborating quantum confinement upshot.