Sheathed cold-formed steel housing: A seismic design procedure

Nowadays, different research teams are engaged on experimental and theoretical studies having as main aim the evaluation of seismic performance of sheathed cold-formed steel frame structures. Although a relatively large number of experimental and theoretical studies are available, the development of useful tools for the seismic design should be improved. As an attempt to overcome this lack, this paper aims to present a structural design procedure that allows, through the definition of three design nomographs, the screw spacing and all the shear walls components to be obtained on the basis of linear dynamic or nonlinear static seismic analysis. In addition, a procedure for the prediction of the whole pushover response curve of sheathed cold-formed steel shear walls, which can be advantageously used for developing the design nomographs, is presented.     

Seismic response of Cfs strap-braced stud walls: Theoretical study

The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) profiles in low-rise residential buildings has increased in European construction sector. The reason of this interest is related to potentialities offered by this constructive system, which are the high structural performance, lightness, short construction time, durability and eco-efficiency. Nevertheless, the current structural codes, such as Eurocodes, do not provide enough information about the seismic design of this structural typology. In an effort to investigate the seismic response of CFS structures, a theoretical and experimental research has been carried out at University of Naples Federico II, with the main aim to support the spreading of these systems in seismic areas. This study focuses on an “all-steel design” solution in which strap-braced stud walls are the main lateral resisting system. In the present paper the outcomes of theoretical phase are shown with the aim of defining the criteria for the seismic design of such structures. In particular, a critical analysis of the requirements for CFS systems provided by the American code AISI S213 has been carried out by comparing it with those given by Eurocodes for traditional braced steel frames.     

Sheathed冷弯型钢结构房屋:抗震设计方法

目前,各个研究小组都致力于Sheathed冷弯型钢结构抗震性能的试验和理论研究。尽管已经进行了大量的试验和理论研究,目前的抗震设计方法还需要进行改进。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种结构设计方法,能在线性动力分析和非线性静力抗震分析中考虑三类设计计算图表,螺钉间距和所有的剪力墙构件。此外,提出了一种方法,可用于预测Sheathed冷弯型钢结构剪力墙整体Pushover反应谱分析,有助于此种结构设计方法的进一步研究。     

多层冷弯薄壁型钢住宅体系动力时程分析

在采用有限元方法验证三层冷弯薄壁型钢房屋振动台试验结果的基础上,建立了多层冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅空间整体模型,分析了模型前3阶自振频率、振型以及双向地震作用下的加速度、位移响应和水平地震剪力,考察了多层房屋的抗震性能。结果表明:《低层冷弯薄壁型钢房屋建筑技术规程》推荐的基频计算方法适用于多层冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系;随着输入地震波峰值加速度的增加,模型各层加速度幅值、相对位移和最大剪重比均增大,而各层峰值加速度放大系数有降低的趋势;随着结构高度的增加,模型各层峰值加速度放大系数、相对位移和最大剪重比均增大;多层冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系在多遇地震和罕遇地震作用下结构X向和Y向的水平地震剪力和最大层间位移角满足《建筑抗震设计规范》的要求,具备较好的抗震性能。     

冷弯薄壁型钢-钢板剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢-钢板剪力墙结构的抗震性能,对冷弯薄壁型钢边柱内置薄钢板剪力墙进行低周往复加载试验,对比不同边柱截面厚度及截面形式对其抗震性能的影响。试验中得到了冷弯薄壁型钢-钢板剪力墙的破坏形态、荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、荷载及位移特征值,并对结构的破坏特征、延性、耗能能力、承载力及刚度退化进行分析。结果表明:冷弯薄壁型钢-钢板剪力墙具有良好的抗震性能;增加边柱截面厚度及选用帽形边柱均可提高剪力墙的承载力、刚度及耗能性能。计算3个试件受剪承载力设计值和弹性抗侧刚度,其值均高于常用冷弯薄壁组合墙体的;结合破坏特征提出冷弯薄壁型钢-钢板剪力墙3个受力阶段;边柱对剪力墙破坏起控制因素,工程设计中应保证边柱承载能力,宜采用"强边柱、弱钢板"的设计理念。     

Analysis and design reliability of axially compressed members with high-strength cold-formed thin-walled steel

High-strength cold-formed thin-walled steel has been widely used in developed countries in the last several years. However, the application and popularization of the new materials in China is still very limited, and there are no related provisions in current design codes for reference in engineering practice. In this paper, considering the effects of the variations from material strength in structural members, geometrical parameters of sections, analysis methods for limit load-carrying capacity and external loadings, the second-order moment probability method was used for conducting the design reliability analysis of 550 MPa high-strength cold-formed thin-walled steel structures, from which the reasonable target reliability index, the corresponding resistance partial coefficient and the design strength values were discussed and proposed. Existing experimental data related have been collected and used to demonstrate the suitability and reasonability of the proposed results, which shows that, with reasonable determination of the design strength value of 550 MPa high-strength cold-formed thin-walled steel sections, the effective width-to-thickness ratio method considering coupling stability of plates recommended by “Technical Code of Cold-formed Thin-Walled Steel Structures (GB50018-2002)” can be efficiently used to estimate the load-carrying capacities of the axially compressed elements of high-strength cold-formed thin-walled steel structures, and well satisfy the target reliability index in structural design.     

真实火灾下足尺冷成型钢复合剪力墙结构耐火性能试验研究

冷成型钢复合剪力墙结构采用冷成型钢管混凝土边柱、半刚性连接节点、组合楼盖体系和外填充式夹心组合墙体等构件,具有整体连接性强、抗震性能优越等优势.其耐火性能研究是该结构在我国推广应用的研究重点之一.为此,建造了3栋平面尺寸为7.2m×7.2m、层高3m的单层冷成型钢复合剪力墙结构模型房屋,并对其进行了不同火灾工况下的足尺...     

采用新型组合墙体的冷弯薄壁型钢结构抗震性能研究

本文介绍了一种用于冷弯薄壁型钢结构的新型组合墙体,并研究了该墙体结构的抗震性能。通过弹塑性时程分析,比较了采用不同组合墙体的3种冷弯薄壁型钢结构在8度和9度罕遇地震下的位移和内力反应。初步分析结果表明,由于新型组合墙体具有较好的抗剪性能,采用该墙体的冷弯薄壁型钢结构可以在抗震设防烈度较高的地区使用。     

多层冷成型钢住宅结构抗侧力性能的研究

现有的冷成型钢结构体系源于传统的木结构体系,在国外低层住宅中已得到广泛应用。本文首先将该体系通过改进扩展为多层冷成型钢结构体系,并提出相应的结构抗震性能设计准则。在对多层冷成型钢结构一定简化的基础上,提出了结构整体及标准层有限元建模方法。该方法可以考虑连接件的间距和滑移影响,尽可能真实地反映了结构在水平荷载下的工作性能。以6层住宅结构为例,利用本文有限元建模方法,分析了结构在风载以及地震作用下的抗侧性能,并给出设计建议。案例同时表明多层冷成型钢住宅结构具有类似框架-剪力墙结构的变形特点,即呈现反S型变形。此外,在保证施工质量的前提下,多层冷成型钢住宅结构可以具有足够的抗侧刚度,结构墙板可以替代传统的支撑系统。     

屈服强度550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢轴压构件承载力设计

高强冷弯薄壁型钢结构在国外低层住宅和门式刚架体系中应用较广,国内已开始采用,但尚无相应设计规范可依。针对屈服强度550MPa高强钢材冷弯薄壁型钢结构常用的轴压构件的承载力设计方法进行了研究,包括其承载力计算模式及设计可靠度分析,并据此提出了相应的设计方法。最后,通过国内外现有相关试验数据的分析,验证了所提出的强度设计指标及承载力设计方法的合理性与可靠性。     

屈服强度550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢结构轴心受压构件可靠度分析

本文采用二阶矩概率法,考虑强度、截面几何参数、计算模式、外荷载等不定因素的影响,针对屈服强度550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢轴心受压构件的可靠度进行了分析,并考虑材料特性,在已有试验的基础上对其承载力计算方法、目标可靠指标及强度设计指标的合理选取进行了研究。结果表明,在按厚度分类合理确定高强冷弯薄壁型钢的强度设计指标后,可依据现行的《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》(GB 50018—2002)给定的考虑板组稳定计算截面有效宽厚比的方法对其轴心受压构件的极限承载力进行有效分析,并满足预定设计可靠指标的要求。     

冷弯型钢厂房设计

本文介绍了上海钢铁工艺技术研究所冷弯型钢厂房的设计，通过构件采用冷弯型钢与其它材料的对比，论述了应用冷弯型钢的优势．该工程推进了冷弯型钢在建筑中的应用．     

Research on cold-formed steel columns

The paper summarises research on cold-formed steel columns performed by the author. Cold-formed steel members are either cold-rolled or brake-pressed into structural shapes. As a result, cold-formed steel open sections are usually singly-point- or non-symmetric. The most common types of singly-symmetric sections are channel and angle. The research focused on cold-formed steel open sections, such as plain and lipped channels, channels with simple and complex edge stiffeners as well as plain and lipped angles, and unequal angles. In addition, cold-formed steel built-up closed sections with intermediate stiffeners were investigated. Both experimental and numerical investigations into the strength and behaviour of cold-formed steel columns were conducted. The column strengths obtained from these investigations were compared with the design strengths obtained using various international standards for cold-formed steel structures. Furthermore, the behaviour and design of cold-formed steel lipped channel columns at elevated temperatures were also investigated. The paper also summarises the design recommendations for cold-formed steel columns.     

螺栓连接的冷成型钢结构的结构性能

本文介绍了一系列螺栓连接的冷成型钢结构的结构性能的试验和理论研究。首先,研究了搭接剪切试验中冷成型钢条之间螺栓连接的基本变形特性,并采用了包含实体单元和接触单元的高等有限元建模作为对比。其次,介绍了带有螺栓抗弯连接的搭接Z型截面的结构性能,对搭接Z型截面的强度和刚度做了解析方法和数值方法的评估。最后,采用数值方法对双跨搭接Z型檩条的结构性能进行了研究,考察了跨越内部支座的搭接Z型截面对于沿檩条构件内力分布的影响。本文意在提供分析和设计方法,以便于结构工程师理解,使他们能够设计和建造出结构性能更好的冷成型钢结构房屋。     

Damage‐controlled performance‐based design optimization of steel moment frames

In the present paper, performance‐based design of steel moment‐resisting frames (SMRFs) is implemented to minimize total cost of the structures. The total cost is summation of the initial construction cost and the seismic damage cost in operational lifetime of the structures subjected to seismic loading. In order to evaluate the seismic damage cost, Park–Ang damage index (DI), as one of the most realistic measures of structural seismic damage, is utilized. To calculate the DI, nonlinear time‐history response of the structure needs to be evaluated during the optimization process. As the computational burden of the process is very high, neural network techniques are utilized to predict the required nonlinear time‐history structural responses. As the design constraints, besides the drift checks at immediate occupancy and collapse prevention performance levels, the global DI is also checked at collapse prevention level to control the amount of seismic damage. In order to achieve the optimization task, a sequential enhanced colliding bodies optimization II is proposed. Numerical studies are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology involving 2 illustrative examples of a 6‐story SMRF and a 12‐story SMRF.     

Experimental study of the mechanical properties of light gauge cold-formed steels at elevated temperatures

In recent times, light gauge cold-formed steel sections have been used extensively as primary load-bearing structural members in many applications in the building industry. Fire safety design of structures using such sections has, therefore, become more important. Deterioration of mechanical properties of yield stress and elasticity modulus is considered the most important factor affecting the performance of steel structures in fires. Hence, there is a need to fully understand the mechanical properties of light gauge cold-formed steels at elevated temperatures. A research project based on experimental studies was, therefore, undertaken to investigate the deterioration of mechanical properties of light gauge cold-formed steels. Tensile coupon tests were undertaken to determine the mechanical properties of these steels made of both low- and high-strength steels and thicknesses of 0.60, 0.80 and 0.95 mm at temperatures ranging from 20 to 800 °C. Test results showed that the currently available reduction factors are unsafe to use in the fire safety design of cold-formed steel structures. Therefore, new predictive equations were developed for the mechanical properties of yield strength and elasticity modulus at elevated temperatures. This paper presents the details of the experimental study, and the results including the developed equations. It also includes details of a stress–strain model for light gauge cold-formed steels at elevated temperatures.     

高层高强钢组合Y型偏心支撑钢框架结构抗震性能研究

伴随高强钢组合Y型偏心支撑钢框架结构的不断发展与更大范围的运用,为更好地掌握此类框架结构的抗震性能与综合表现,本文围绕该问题进行一系列的深入探究。在具体的分析过程中,首先通过ABAQUS有限元软件创建了相应的运算模型,并和试验结果展开对比分析,明确计算模型的可靠性。然后借助有限元分析软件ETABS建立了10层Y型钢框架结构,最后以其中的一榀横向平面钢框架作为分析对象,根据对比分析结果得到:这种Y型偏心支撑的滞回性能略差,但具有结构承载力高且安全性高,利于震后修复等优点,并给出相关抗震设计建议,为工程设计提供参考。     

低层冷弯薄壁型钢龙骨体系抗震性能数值模拟研究现状

对低层冷弯薄壁型钢龙骨体系的抗震性能数值模拟研究现状进行了较为全面的综述,结合木龙骨结构体系抗震性能数值模拟的研究概况,着重介绍了LRCFSF体系的主要抗侧力单元——龙骨式复合墙体的几种有限元数值分析模型和对整体结构进行动力分析所采取的方法.在此基础上,对LRCFSF体系的抗震性能数值模拟研究工作尚需研究与解决的问题进...     

Structural performance of cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel columns

The structural performance of cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel columns was investigated. A wide range of finite element analysis on square and rectangular hollow sections and other available data, with a total number of 259 specimens, were considered. An accurate finite element model has been created to simulate the pin-ended cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel columns. Extensive parametric study was carried out using the validated finite element model. The column strengths predicted from the parametric study together with the available data are compared with the design strengths calculated from various existing design rules for cold-formed stainless steel structures. It is shown that the existing design rules, except for the ASCE Specification as well as the stub column and full area approach, are conservative. Modifications are proposed for the AS/NZS Standard, EC3 Code, and direct strength method. Reliability analysis was performed to assess the existing and modified design rules. It is also shown that the modified design rules are able to provide a more accurate and reliable predictions for lean duplex stainless steel columns. In this study, it is suggested that the modified design rules in the AS/NZS Standard and the modified direct strength method to be used in designing cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel columns.