大跨度柱面网壳结构风荷载特性风洞试验研究

为研究大跨度柱面网壳结构受特征湍流影响的风荷载特性,在大气边界层风洞中对一大跨度柱面网壳干煤棚结构进行刚性模型同步测压试验,获得了结构表面测点在36个风向角下的测压数据。根据测试结果分析了结构的平均、脉动风压分布特性,脉动风荷载谱以及测点间脉动风荷载的相关性等。结果表明：结构在不同风向角下,特征湍流的影响情况不同,平均风压和脉动风压最大值出现的位置和范围存在较大差别;结构迎风位置测点脉动风荷载无量纲功率谱数值较大,且频谱成分复杂,随着气流向尾流区域发展,无量纲功率谱谱峰宽度及对应的无量纲频率具有增大的趋势,且高频段的衰减速度变缓;测点间脉动风荷载相关性随着频率及测点间空间距离的增加而减小,当频率达到30 Hz时,其相干函数值快速衰减,可以近似认为不相关。     

Reliable and accurate prediction of the experimental buckling of thin-walled cylindrical shell under an axial load

Reliable and accurate method of the experimental buckling prediction of thin-walled cylindrical shell under an eccentric load is presented. The experimental arrangement and specimens are discussed in detail, including the measurement of the geometric imperfections of the specimen's surface using a coordinate measuring machine. Different FE models, in terms of complexity, are used to simulate the experiment arrangement in an attempt to get a good agreement with the experimental buckling loads and study the effect of measured initial geometric imperfections, load eccentricity, load eccentricity position along the shell's circumferential direction and different experimental arrangement that influence the boundary conditions. It has been demonstrated that FE models with simplified rigid support conditions overestimate the prediction of the experimental buckling load even though these models included the effects of the measured initial geometric imperfections and load eccentricity. By contrast, FE models with realistically modeled support conditions achieved the best result. The average deviation −1.59% from the experimental buckling loads was achieved using the FE model simulating the mounting devices as elastic bodies and with surface-to-surface contact interaction behavior on the support. The presented work also demonstrated the strong influence of the eccentric load position along the imperfect shell's circumferential direction on the buckling of the thin-walled shell.     

The effects of long-term corrosion on the dynamic characteristics of ground based cylindrical liquid storage tanks

Results of numerical investigations on the effects of material degradation due to corrosion on the dynamic characteristics of ground-based, anchored, steel liquid storage tanks are presented. Internal corrosion is considered as a time-dependent constant thinning of the wall, at locations in contact with residual water, water condensate, atmospheric oxygen and acid gases. Dynamic analyses are performed on numerical tank-liquid models, having different aspect ratios and wall thicknesses at different stages of wall thinning at the specified locations. The aim of the analyses is to determine the corrosion effects on the natural periods and mode shapes of vibration. Steady-state, harmonic base excitation analyses are also carried out to determine the corrosion effects on the hydrodynamic pressures produced in the liquid. It is found that progressive corrosion has significant effects on the tank fundamental period and its associated mode shape of vibration as well as the magnitude and location of the maximum hydrodynamic pressure and that as design provisions should cover the service life of the tank, the errors associated with the current code provisions for design of such tanks cannot be ignored.     

沥青路面车辙及其预估模型分析

首先系统地总结了车辙的形成机理,认为发生在沥青面层的剪切变形是车辙产生的主要原因,同时分析了车辙的影响因素,最后简单评述了一些国内外典型的预估模型,并提出了车辙预估方法的发展方向。     

基于神经网络的连续刚构桥施工线形控制参数预测研究

结合白果渡嘉陵江大桥施工线形控制的具体实践,采用BP神经网络进行连续刚构桥施工线形控制中的参数识别及预测工作。基于影响桥梁线形主要参数的截面尺寸、距离及标高建立神经网络系统,并对其进行计算训练样本、训练神经网络和网络仿真分析。运用神经网络仿真分析进行连续刚构桥施工线形的具体方法是,先计算当前施工状态的标高,再预测下一节段的标高。经过往复循环,逐一进行节段预测调整,从而指导连续刚构桥顺利施工。网络学习及仿真预测结果表明:该法对数据的处理及预测,在操作简单的基础上,分析结果具有较高的精度。该结论可推广到采用悬臂法施工的连续梁桥、拱桥、斜拉桥等桥型的施工线形控制工作及研究。     

基于BP神经网络的钢筋中氯离子侵蚀量预测

本文介绍了人工神经网络在土木建筑工程中的应用现状，提出了应用BP网络来预测受腐蚀的钢筋混凝土中氯离子的侵蚀速度的方法。BP网络的分析程序采用Matlab编制。研究结果表明与传统的回归方法比较神经网络在解决多影响因子的复杂非线性问题方面具有显著的优势，在材料腐蚀工作中具有广泛的适用性。