响应面法优化甜瓜籽油的超声辅助提取工艺及其品质分析

为提高甜瓜籽利用率,采用超声辅助提取工艺提取甜瓜籽油,以甜瓜籽油得率及DPPH自由基清除率为指标,通过单因素实验研究超声时间、超声温度、料液比、浸提时间对甜瓜籽油提取的影响,在此基础上采用响应面实验对提取工艺条件进行优化,并测定提取的甜瓜籽油理化指标、总酚含量、甾醇和脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明：甜瓜籽油的最佳提取工艺条件为浸提时间3 h、料液比1∶7.7、超声温度43℃、超声时间41 min,在此条件下甜瓜籽油得率为25.64%,DPPH自由基清除率为60.66%;制备的甜瓜籽油酸值(KOH)为0.52 mg/g,过氧化值为0.00 mmol/kg,碘值(I)为133.38 g/100 g,总酚含量为8.72 mg/100 g;甜瓜籽油中共检出5种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸含量最高,为66.68%,共检出7种甾醇,总含量达306.10 mg/100 g,其中β-谷甾醇含量最高,为138.60 mg/100 g。甜瓜籽油营养价值较高,可作为食用油进一步开发利用。     

金银花籽组成成分的分析研究

分析了金银花籽的营养成分、氨基酸组成、微量元素的含量以及金银花籽油的理化指标和脂肪酸组成。结果表明,金银花籽含22.22%的油,21.43%的蛋白质,15.37%的糖类,13.04%的水分和4.05%的灰分;金银花籽蛋白质中氨基酸种类齐全;金银花籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸,含量高达85.28%。金银花籽油的理化指标为:相对密度d2400.9158,折光指数n201.4796,皂化值180.31mgKOH/g,酸值2.55 mgKOH/g。     

超临界CO2萃取甜瓜籽油工艺及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取甜瓜籽油,在单因素实验的基础上,运用正交实验设计优化工艺条件。结果表明超临界CO2萃取甜瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间5 h,CO2流量8 L/min,甜瓜籽粉碎粒度24目。在最佳条件下,甜瓜籽油得率为29.34%。利用GC-MS对甜瓜籽油脂肪酸组成进行分析,结果表明超临界CO2萃取的甜瓜籽油共鉴定出12种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(10.87%)、硬脂酸(5.57%)为主,不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸(64.29%)、油酸(16.64%)为主。     

冬瓜籽油的理化性质及成分分析

对冬瓜籽油的理化性质及成分进行分析。结果表明:冬瓜籽含油量32%,其油脂酸值(KOH)1.43 mg/g、碘值(I)106.4 g/100 g、过氧化值4.81 mmol/kg、K_(232)及K_(270)分别为0.36、0.44;紫外吸收光谱发现冬瓜籽油在290~400 nm处具有一定吸收;红外谱图显示冬瓜籽油具有与葵花籽油相似的特征吸收峰;差示扫描量热分析表明相较于富含不饱和脂肪酸油样,冬瓜籽油具有较高的熔融温度;热重分析发现冬瓜籽油在空气气氛下失重速率峰值温度与橄榄油相似;冬瓜籽油含有15种脂肪酸,主要以亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸含量53.11%;冬瓜籽油的α-V_E、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量分别为65.2、1.11、1.20 mg/kg。     

冬瓜籽油的理化指标及营养成分的分析

对冬瓜籽油的理化性质、脂肪酸组成及营养成分进行分析。结果表明:冬瓜籽油酸价为4.96 mg/g,过氧化值为0.02 g/100 g,皂化值为195.97 mg/g,碘值为111.22 g/100 g;冬瓜籽油中包含12种脂肪酸,其中以亚油酸为主要脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达81.83%;冬瓜籽油还含有丰富的植物甾醇,其中菜油甾醇含量最高,为2 255.50 mg/kg,豆甾醇含量为980.76 mg/kg;冬瓜籽油中共检出3种生育酚,其中γ-生育酚含量最高(612.9 mg/kg),其次为α-生育三烯酚(90.6 mg/kg);冬瓜籽油中多酚类物质的含量为56.4 mg GAE/kg油。     

新疆甜瓜籽油超临界CO2萃取工艺研究

以新疆甜瓜籽为原料,采用超临界CO2萃取技术(SFE-CO2)研究了甜瓜籽油的萃取工艺,并对油中脂肪酸成分进行了气相色谱定量分析。研究结果表明:甜瓜籽油较适宜的超临界CO2萃取工艺为:萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度45℃,分离温度40℃,时间70 min,在此工艺下新疆甜瓜籽油的收率达47.58%。气相色谱分析结果表明:新疆甜瓜籽油主要成分为不饱和脂肪酸,含量达88.92%。脂肪酸中亚油酸含量72.35%,油酸含量16.29%,棕榈酸含量7.89%,硬脂酸含量4.33%。新疆甜瓜籽油作为植物性新油源具有较高的开发和利用价值。     

丝瓜籽油的理化性质及成分分析

以丝瓜籽为原料提取丝瓜籽油,对其理化性质及脂肪酸组成进行了分析和测定.结果表明,丝瓜籽油主要由8种脂肪酸组成,其中油酸、亚油酸含量分别为38.84%、40.34%;通过测定丝瓜籽油Sn-2位脂肪酸组成,确定了丝瓜籽油甘三酯的分布.使用GC/MS对丝瓜籽油的不皂化物成分进行了分析,检测出11种主要物质,其中豆甾三烯醇含量最高,相对含量达到35.42%.     

新疆伽师瓜籽油理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

采用不同溶剂对伽师瓜籽油进行提取,用气相色谱-质谱技术对所得伽师瓜籽油脂肪酸组成进行分析,同时测定了伽师瓜籽油常规理化性质.结果显示,伽师瓜籽油的最佳提取溶剂为石油醚,出油率为48.38％,其油不饱和脂肪酸含量为79.73％,亚油酸含量高达61.74％.伽师瓜籽油相对密度(d204)为0.905 8,折光指数(n20D)为1.472 8,酸值(KOH)为3.39 mg/g,皂化值(KOH)为169 mg/g,碘值(Ⅰ)为115.85 g/100 g,过氧化值为5.4 mmol/kg.     

泥鳅鱼籽营养成分及油脂的脂肪酸组成分析

以泥鳅鱼籽为原料,对其基本营养成分进行测定。采用正己烷-异丙醇提取法得到鱼籽油,对鱼籽油的理化指标及脂肪酸组成进行了测定,并与泥鳅鱼肉、鲫鱼籽、鲟鱼籽、林蛙卵以及母乳的油脂进行比较。结果表明：泥鳅鱼籽的营养成分为水分含量64.69%、蛋白质含量24.49%、脂肪含量5.62%、灰分含量1.56%;泥鳅鱼籽油理化指标为密度0.901 4 g/mL、折光率1.463 8、碘值105 g I/100 g、皂化值134 mg KOH/g;气相色谱-质谱联用分析可知,泥鳅鱼籽中不饱和脂肪酸含量为71.30%,其中油酸和亚油酸含量较高,分别为28.02%和24.51%。通过与泥鳅鱼肉、鲫鱼籽、鲟鱼籽、林蛙卵以及母乳的油脂比较,发现泥鳅鱼籽和母乳的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸比例基本一致,非常接近健康食用油黄金比例1∶1∶1,而且泥鳅鱼籽的主要脂肪酸组成和母乳的基本相同,具有较高的开发和利用价值。     

苹果籽及其油的理化特性研究

为了开发和利用苹果籽资源,采用常规及仪器分析的方法对苹果籽的主要营养成分、氨基酸组成,苹果籽油的脂肪酸组成和理化指标进行了分析测定.结果表明,苹果籽含油27.7%,油中含有5种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达89.33%;苹果籽含蛋白质34.0%,水分10.2%,氨基酸总量31.81%,并含有多种微量元素;苹果籽油折光率为1.4734,比重d20 40.9219,碘值129.3gI/100g,皂化值186.5 mgKOH/g.苹果籽含有多种营养成分,是一种理想的保健食品,具有较好的开发利用前景.     

Some aspects of the biochemistry and nutritive value of the water melon seed (Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad).

The proximate composition, amino acid profile of the protein, mineral and fatty acid constituents of melon seed were studied by chemical analysis, column chromatography for amino acids and gas chromatography for fatty acids. Two hundred and sixteen, male weanling albino rats of the Wistar strain, 28–30 days old and weighing on the average 50–55 g were used in three experiments to study the protein quality of melon seed meals with and without amino acid supplementation. The raw and fried undefatted melon seed meals (RUM and FUM), had crude protein and fat contents of between 31–37% and 54–57%, depending on the variety, while the raw and fried defatted meals (RDM and FDM) had 69–78% and 1.1–2.7% respectively. Crude fibre levels were low in all samples. Melon seed contained high amounts of Ca, P, Mg, K, Zn and Fe. The fat comprised the following percentage acids: linoleic (52.3–57.9), oleic (13.6–21.7), palmitic (11.1–18.6), and stearic (13.0–16.8). The fairly high iodine value (113.1–118.7) and saponification number (192.8–194.6) confirmed the unsaturated nature of the melon seed oil. Lysine and methionine were the amino acids in shortest supply while threonine was marginal. The tryptophan content (2.21 g/16 g N) was higher than in most other plant protein sources. In studies with rats, the true digestibility of RUM, FUM, RDM and FDM were similar (range, 91–93%) and were comparable to that for soyabean meal (SBM), (91.74%), but lower than for whole hen's egg (WHE), (98.8%). RDM and FDM had superior protein quality indices compared to RUM and FUM. RUM, RDM, FUM, and FDM had p.e.r., n.p.r., n.p.u. and b.v. of 0.33, 1.53, 41.30 and 46.84; 0.93, 2.58, 49.74 and 52.84; 0.75, 2.02, 44.64 and 48.79; and 1.01, 2.67, 50.12 and 54.18 respectively, which were significantly (P<0.05) inferior to those for SBM and WHE (1.91, 3.89, 61.33 and 65.85; and 4.77, 6.14, 94.86 and 96.94). Feeding FDM at increasing protein levels (10, 15, and 20%) resulted in increasing liveweight gains, improved p.e.r. up to 15%, but did not significantly alter the n.p.u. and b.v. Amino acid supplementation of 10% protein FDM diet, confirmed that lysine is the most limiting amino acid in melon seed meal for rat growth, followed by methionine and threonine. The levels of tryptophan and isoleucine were found to be adequate.     

Nutritional assessment of defatted oil meals of melon (Colocynthis citrullus L.) and fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis hook) by chick assay

Analytical data on fatty acid, amino acid and mineral content of defatted melon seed and fluted pumpkin seed are presented and discussed. Also discussed are experimental data on availability of amino acids and minerals in these meals. Defatted melon seed and fluted pumpkin seed have protein contents of 66.20% and 66.54%, respectively, with an excellent pattern of amino acids, containing higher levels of most essential amino acids (except lysine) than soya bean meal. Amino acid availability is high (melon seed 95.30%, pumpkin seed 93.12%) and similar to the level in soya bean meal (94.31%). Mineral availability is significantly lower in melon seed (53.63%) and soya bean meal (54.94%) than in pumpkin seed (58.84%). The potential for increased dietary utilisation of melon and fluted pumpkin meals and flours to meet the dietary needs of monogastric animals as well as human subjects is discussed.     

不同品种甜瓜种子表型性状、含油率及种子油脂肪酸组成分析北大核心CSCD

以50个品种甜瓜种子为试验材料,对其表型性状进行测定,然后用索氏抽提法测定含油率,气相色谱法测定种子油脂肪酸组成,并对种子表型性状、含油率与种子油脂肪酸组成相关性进行分析。结果表明:表型性状最大的甜瓜品种为MW,MW的籽粒表面积、宽、千粒质量均最大;林蜜25号甜瓜品种的种子含油率最高,为32.532%,WQ的种子含油率最低,仅为17.915%;甜瓜种子油中含量最高的脂肪酸为亚油酸,其次是油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸,亚麻酸含量最低,亚油酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是常见小绿瓜,为75.011%,油酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是省工108,为31.289%,棕榈酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是WQ,为13.281%,硬脂酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是爽口1,为9.862%;相关性分析表明,含油率与红度呈极显著正相关。3个品种的马泡瓜含油率较高,且皮薄,种子非常多,因而马泡瓜最适宜选育榨油。     

微胶囊化罂粟籽油鲜味粉的制备及理化分析

以自制的鲜味米渣深度水解蛋白粉（20%）和鱼肉水解蛋白粉（13.8%）为壁材,罂粟籽油为芯材,制备了罂粟籽油微胶囊鲜味粉。产品感官指标优良,包埋率达到99.2%,罂粟籽油微胶囊鲜味粉芯材过氧化值为4.53meq/kg,酸价0.50mgKOH/g,符合食用油的卫生要求。     

籽瓜多种营养成分的分析

利用高效液相色谱和紫外可见吸收光谱、感耦等离子体发射光谱等方法对籽瓜的瓜皮、瓜瓤、瓜籽仁分别进行了20余项营养成分分析;瓜籽仁水分为5.04%、脂肪含量为20.27%、蛋白质含量为21.28%、磷、钾、锰、锌等含量与南瓜籽仁接近,铁含量比南瓜仁铁含量高一倍;瓜皮、瓜瓤含水量达90%以上,含钙、磷、钾、镁较多,且瓜皮的总糖量为4.52%,瓜瓤总糖量为30.89%,籽仁、瓜皮均含有13种以上氨基酸.     

怒江山茶籽油主要理化成分分析

以白花油茶籽油为参考,采用索氏法提取怒江山茶籽中油脂,运用常规方法、气相色谱法和等离子体发射光谱法等分析测定怒江山茶籽油理化性质、脂肪酸及矿质元素组成。结果表明,怒江山茶籽油比重为0.916(1d20/20),折光系数为1.4612(n40),酸值为1.12 mg/g,过氧化值为3.42mmol/kg;不饱和脂肪酸含量为85%左右,其中多不饱和脂肪酸含量高于白花油茶籽油;富含硫、磷、钾、铁、锌等矿质元素,其含量均高于白花油茶籽油。     

遏蓝菜种子油理化性质及脂肪酸组成的GC-MS分析

为了探究遏蓝菜种子油理化性质以及脂肪酸成分,用索氏提取法提取遏蓝菜种子油,对遏蓝菜种子油的理化性质进行测定,用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)法分析其脂肪酸组成及相对质量分数。结果表明:种子含油率为43.93%;常温下估测密度为0.88 g/mL;酸值为2.27 mgKOH/g;碘值为124.27 gI2/100 g;皂化值为198.33 mgKOH/g;种子油中主要含有芥酸(31.06%),亚油酸(24.83%),油酸(14.55%),亚麻酸(11.33%),11-二十碳烯酸(4.88%),棕榈酸(5.18%),15-十四碳烯酸(3.23%),硬脂酸(0.57%)9种脂肪酸。为遏蓝菜作为生物质能源的开发利用提供一定的科学参考。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析籽瓜中的化学成分

采用索氏提取法提取籽瓜籽中的脂肪酸,用气相色谱- 质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行分析,分离鉴定出10 种脂肪酸,其主要化学成分为亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸。用同时蒸馏- 萃取法提取籽瓜皮中的挥发性物质,用气相色谱- 质谱法从籽瓜皮的挥发油中分离并鉴定出30 种化学成分。     

湘西猕猴桃籽成分分析及猕猴桃籽油的特性研究

分析了湘西猕猴桃籽的主要成分,同时采用水酶法提取猕猴桃籽油,并对猕猴桃籽油的特性进行了研究。结果表明:湘西猕猴桃籽粗脂肪含量32.19%,粗蛋白质含量16.06%;猕猴桃籽中氨基酸种类不全,缺少2种氨基酸,属于不完全蛋白质;鲜味谷氨酸(Glu)和天门冬氨酸(Asp)含量很高,分别为6.1 mg/g和3.5 mg/g,占氨基酸总量的25.98%,为猕猴桃籽增添了良好的风味;水酶法提取猕猴桃籽油总出油率为25.89%,萃取率达80.45%;猕猴桃籽油中亚麻酸含量高达60.59%,不饱和脂肪酸含量达89.92%,生育酚含量为812.41 mg/kg。