氨化Ga2O3 /Nb膜制备的GaN纳米线的光学和微观结构特性的研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术在硅衬底上制备Ga2O3/Nb薄膜,然后在900℃下于流动的氨气中进行氨化制备GaN纳米线.用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜详细分析了GaN纳米线的结构和形貌.结果表明:采用此方法得到的GaN纳米线有直的形态和光滑的表面,其纳米线的直径大约50nm,纳米线的长约几个微米.室温下以325nm波长的光激发样品表面,只显示出一个位于367 nm的很强的紫外发光峰.最后,简单讨论了GaN纳米线的生长机制.     

氧化钕纳米线的制备与表征

以硝酸钕和尿素为主要原料,多孔阳极氧化铝膜(AAO)为模板,分别采用普通浸渗和压力浸渗法制备了氧化钕纳米线.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD)和能量仪(EDS)对纳米线的形貌,结构及组成进行了表征.结果表明:两种浸渗方法均可得到氧化钕纳米线,压力溶胶浸渗有利于模板纳米孔填充度的提高,可以得到高长径比的氧化钕纳米线.     

氨化Si基Ga2O3/V膜制备GaN纳米线

氨化硅基钒应变层氧化镓膜制备了大量氮化镓纳米线,X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察发现,纳米线具有十分光滑且干净的表面,其直径为20～60 nm左右,长度达到十几微米.高分辨透射电子显微镜和选区电子衍射分析结果表明,制备的氮化稼纳米线为六方纤锌矿结构.光致发光谱显示制备的氮化稼纳米线有良好的发光特性.另外,简单讨论了氮化稼纳米线的生长机制.     

含硼金刚石表面破碎网状结构形成原因的分析

本文采用铁基触媒中加入硼铁的方法,在高温高压下合成了含硼金刚石.利用体视显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对金刚石的表面形貌、显微组织结构及其物相进行了分析.体视显微镜和扫描电镜结果均表明:部分大颗粒含硼金刚石中有一些表面凸凹不平,呈破碎网状;TEM分析此类金刚石内部存有大量的多晶γ-(Fe,Ni),而没有发现铁碳化合物,推测含硼金刚石表面破碎网状结构形成原因是金刚石生长过程中.碳源供应不足导致晶体发育不良.     

超低摩擦WS_2/W-DLC固体润滑薄膜的制备与性能

利用离子束辅助沉积技术和低温离子渗硫技术制备了二硫化钨/钨掺杂类金刚石(WS2/W-DLC)复合薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、纳米硬度仪(Nano-indenter)和多功能摩擦磨损试验机(UMT)考察了薄膜的微观结构与摩擦学性能。结果表明:制备的薄膜在大气环境下表现出优异的力学性能和超低摩擦的性能,该复合薄膜中,硬质强化相纳米碳化物WC1-x和软质润滑相过渡族金属硫化物WS2、Fe S均匀镶嵌于类金刚石基体内形成复合结构,复合结构是薄膜表现出优异性能的主要原因。     

表面活性剂辅助水热法制备ZnS纳米线

用十二烷基硫醇做表面活性剂,用水热法在180℃,12 h条件下制备了ZnS纳米线.实验发现硫醇可以诱导ZnS纳米粒子沿着一维方向生长.所得产物ZnS纳米线为六方纤锌矿结构,直径为50 nm～100 nm,长度10 μm～20 μm.用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、荧光发射光谱(PL)和紫外漫反射光谱(UV)等手段对所得纳米线进行了表征,并初步探讨了硫醇在限制ZnS纳米晶一维方向生长的机理.     

氢氧化镧纳米线的水热合成及其表征

以硝酸镧为原料,氢氧化钾为矿化剂,采用水热法成功制备出了氢氧化镧纳米线,并利用X射线衍射(XRD),选区电子衍射(SAED),透射电子显微镜(TEM)对所形成纳米线的物相和结构进行了表征.探讨了氢氧化镧纳米线的生长机制,和温度对其形貌变化的影响规律.研究发现,由于较大的晶体结构各向异性.六方相氢氧化镧沿[100]晶向取向生长,合成出单晶的氢氧化镧纳米线;较高的反应温度有利于制备相对较长,结晶完善的氢氧化镧纳米线的合成.     

液相电化学法在不锈钢上沉积类金刚石薄膜

采用直流脉冲电源,以甲醇有机溶液作为碳源,通过电化学沉积法在不锈钢表面制备了类金刚石碳(DLC)薄膜.用扫描电镜和拉曼光谱分析了薄膜的形貌和结构,用MTS纳米压痕仪测试DLC薄膜的硬度和Young's模量,在CERT微摩擦系统上测试了薄膜的摩擦学性能.结果表明:电化学沉积含氢类金刚石碳薄膜的硬度较高(约7GPa),薄膜均匀、致密,表面粗糙度小;拉曼光谱在1332.51 cm-1处出现金刚石的特征峰;在室温干摩擦条件下,薄膜同WC钢球对摩时的摩擦系数随载荷增加而略微减小,抗磨性能则随着载荷的增加而变差,对摩时发生转移并形成转移膜,耐磨寿命缩短.     

钛片真空热氧化制备二氧化钛纳米线

对经过不同预处理的钛片进行真空热氧化处理,在表面原位制得了TiO<,2>纳米线.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对原位制备的TiO<,2>纳米线的表面形貌及相结构进行表征,并通过降解水中染料罗丹明B的方式对经不同时间热氧化处理后酸洗钛片的光催化性能进行测试.薄膜结构表征结果表明,一定真空条件下钛片750℃热氧化5～10 h后可以获得大量直径40～50 am,长度3.0～5.0 μm的单晶金红石结构TiO<,2>纳米线;使用H<,2>O<,2>氧化钛片表面预先获得一层多孔非晶TiO<,2>薄层显著影响纳米线的生长.光催化性能测试结果表明,真空热氧化处理1 h获得的扁平片状纳米结构金红石具有最高的光催化降解罗丹明B的能力;处理时间从5 h延长到10 h,得到的纳米线金红石薄膜的光催化性能提高.     

PECVD制备六方金刚石结构碳氢薄膜

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术(PECVD)在单晶硅(100)表面上制备了一层含有六方金刚石结构的碳氢薄膜。采用透射电子显微镜和拉曼光谱仪对薄膜结构进行表征;并用Nano-indenterⅡ型纳米压痕仪和CSM—摩擦磨损试验机对薄膜的力学性能和摩擦学性能进行了测试。结果表明:该碳氢薄膜含有六方金刚石结构,另外还含有少量的纳米弯曲石墨片段;与制备的类金刚石碳氢薄膜相比,该薄膜具有较好的力学性能,同时该薄膜在空气环境下表现出了较好的摩擦学性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.