含载银活性炭的腈氯纶多功能纤维的制备与表征

采用共混添加法，将载银活性炭与丙烯腈偏氯乙烯共聚体共混，以二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂湿法纺丝，制成一种新型抗菌吸附多功能纤维，探讨了所制得的纤维的结构与性能。通过SEM、DSC、TG和力学性能测试对所制纤维的物理化学性能进行了表征．结果表明，适合纺丝的载银活性炭含量在15％～20％（质量分数），在此范围内制得纤维力学性能良好，载银活性炭的载银量〉0．02％，具有较好的抗菌功效。     

新型分离-吸附腈氯纶纤维的制备及其应用研究

利用自制的含活性炭的腈氯纶纤维制备了羧酸型离子交换吸附纤维,研究了所制得的含活性炭的腈氯纶离子交换吸附纤维的性能,尤其是对L-精氨酸的吸附性能,考察了其静态、动态吸附情况.结果表明,静态饱和吸附量随精氨酸起始浓度的增加而增加,吸附率随精氨酸起始浓度的增加而降低,且遵循Freundlish等温吸附模式.所制得的纤维对精氨酸的动态吸附能力较强,吸附和解吸速率较快.     

腈氯纶纤维热分解行为的研究

采用DSC、TGA、IR及PGC等方法对AN-VDC共聚体纤维在空气中受热过程中发生的化学变化进行分析。结果表明,在250℃以下,共聚体化学结构无明显变化;在250℃,共聚体脱除HCl,该反应的温度几乎不受共聚体组成的影响,在300～320℃处,共聚体分子链中AN序列的CN基发生环化,适当提高VDC含量有利于降低环化温度,在500℃附近,共聚体完全分解,并生成大量低分子碎片。     

腈氯纶阻燃机理的研究

本文对腈氯纶中氯元素的阻燃效果及其作用机理和三氧化二锑与氯元素的协同效应等问题作了分析。结果表明,偏二氯乙烯的阻燃效果优于氟乙烯,当丙烯腈-偏二氯乙烯共聚体中偏二氯乙烯含40％wt时,由该共聚体所纺成的腈氯纶具有显著的阻燃性;三氧化二锑与氯元素的阻燃增效效应达到最佳时(△LOI达到最大),Sb/Cl为21～25(摩尔比),与腈氯纶的化学结构无关。     

低浓度酸碱改性竹质活性炭对甲醛吸附性能的研究

甲醛作为室内空气的主要污染物之一,对人类的健康造成极大的危害.能否有效去除甲醛已成为人们关注的热点,而吸附法被认为是一种去除甲醛的重要方法.本研究采用低浓度的硝酸、草酸、双氧水和氢氧化钠于常温下浸渍处理竹质活性炭,利用环境扫描电子显微镜(E-SEM)、比表面积分析仪(BET)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTlR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对改性前后的活性炭形貌、孔隙特征和表面官能团进行表征,并运用静、动态甲醛检测分析装置评价改性后的竹质活性炭对甲醛的吸附效果.结果表明,与未处理竹质活性炭相比,四种改性处理的竹质活性炭样品表面都有不同程度的蚀刻和皱缩,微孔数量均有不同程度的增加,但氢氧化钠改性竹质活性炭平均孔径为1.89 nm,小于未处理竹质活性炭孔径.改性前后竹质活性炭的FTlR特征吸收峰的峰形没有明显变化,只是峰强有所差异;XPS结果表明改性后竹质活性炭的含氧量均有所增加;改性活性炭对甲醛的去除能力明显提高了,其中硝酸改性竹质活性炭性能最好,主要原因是硝酸改性活性炭表面羰基和酯基的协同作用增强,提高了活性炭的极性,有利于对极性甲醛分子的吸附.     

活性炭纤维的吸附特性

活性炭纤维的吸附特性Ｒ．Ｃ．Ｂａｎｓａｌ等（印度）前言制备能消除或减小传质过程中外扩散、内扩散阻力因而具有高的吸附速率的活性炭纤维成为最近许多研究的主题。这些活性炭纤维是通过酚醛前驱体（１—２）、粘胶丝纤维（３－４）及沥青前驱体纤维（５）的碳化及随后...     

活性炭纤维对低浓度污染物吸附性能的实验研究

为了解活性炭纤维对室内低浓度污染物的吸附性能及其影响因素,以甲醛为模拟污染物,通过改变污染物的初始浓度以及外界参数(温度、相对湿度、表面风速)对活性炭吸附性能进行了试验研究.实验结果显示:温度和气流速度对活性炭纤维的吸附性能有较大的影响,相对来说温度的影响要大一些;而相对湿度对其的影响则不太明显.并运用吸附动力学方程式和吸附平衡方程式对影响因素进行了分析并与试验结果进行了比较,结果表明实验结果与理论分析相吻合.     

活性炭甲醛吸附能力的测试方法探究

一、引言 近年来,活性炭以其具备物理型无二次污染,广泛吸附多种有害气体等优点,逐渐应用于建材家居领域。2009年经国家发改委批准,在北京成立了空气净化吸附材料净化性能标准起草委员会,组织一些行业认证单位、     

活性炭纤维吸附性能的研究新进展

介绍了活性炭纤维的吸附机理,着重论述了吸附技术在含重金属废水、染料废水及农药废水处理中的应用研究进展,并指出目前存在的不足之处以及对未来的研究工作提出了一些展望和建议,以期为环境的治理做出贡献。     

负载纳米MnO2的吸附纤维室温下对甲醛的吸附分解

将纳米MnO2催化剂粉末负载到自制的含活性炭的腈氯纶纤维上,在室温下对甲醛进行吸附分解研究。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行显微结构观察,并分析了不同处理情况的负载纤维对甲醛的去除率。结果表明,研磨6h的MnO2粉末分散均匀,平均粒径可达300 nm,以平铺的形式均匀地负载于纤维上;研磨6h的MnO2粉末反应72h对甲醛的去除率达94.07%;二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)处理后的纤维对甲醛的去除率有所提高。     

活性炭纤维(ACF)吸附二硫化碳(CS2)的研究

研究了商用活性炭纤维(Activated carbonf fiber-ACF)对二硫化碳(Carbon disulfide-CS2)的吸附件能,并与活性炭(Activated carbon-AC)、沸石吸附CS2的性能做了对比.重点考察了CS2浓度、吸附气流量、湿度和ACF含水量对CS2在ACF上吸附性能的影响.结果表明:相对于AC、沸石,ACF对CS2的吸附快、吸附率高,达46.5%;CS2浓度、吸附气流量增加,穿透点前移;湿度和含水量上升会明显降低ACF对CS2的吸附性能,当湿度升至65%时,吸附时间缩短28.6%;当含水量为质量分数45%时,穿透时间提前42.9%;当含水量增至质量分数60%时,CS2迅速穿透,ACF几乎不能再吸附CS2.     

Reduction–adsorption behavior of platinum ions on activated carbon fibers

A number of activated carbon fibers (ACF) were prepared by activation with steam, Phosphoric acid, or Zinc Chloride. Their reduction-adsorption behavior for Pt(IV) was studied using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that Pt ions in solution can be adsorbed by ACFs and reduced to metallic platinum. The reduction–adsorption capacity of ACF for Pt could be greater than 200 mg/g. Generally, higher specific surface area or lower electrode potential produces a higher capacity. Most of the adsorbed platinum ions were reduced into metallic platinum, and about 25% of platinum atoms remained as Pt(II) or Pt(IV). XRD examination showed that the Pt particles on the ACF surface were crystallized when heated to 673 K.     

影响活性炭纤维动态吸附氙性能的因素

应用正交设计方法研究了活性炭纤维动态吸附氙的性能.主要考察了吸附温度、原料气浓度和原料气流量及空白未知因素对活性炭纤维动态吸附氙平衡吸附量的影响.结果表明：吸附温度、原料气浓度以及原料气流量为影响平衡吸附量的最重要的因素.其中,吸附温度对平衡吸附量的影响最大,其次是原料气的浓度和原料气的流量.     

炭纤维和活性炭甲醇气相吸附动力学和等温线

采用不同原料、不同活化过程的两种活性炭和两种炭纤维(PAN、Rayon基)进行了甲醇气相静态吸附,结合其吸附动力学和等温线的数据研究了有关扩散问题,发现温度与所用样品表面化学性质、中孔率、孔隙(形态与大小)微织构对其吸附动力学有影响。     

活性炭纤维表面氟化修饰及吸附性能的研究

研究了活性炭纤维在氟化前后的结构与性能的变化。结果表明,随着反应时间和温度的变化,活性炭纤维表面氟取代氢基数目增加．同时在分子水平上形成C—F共价键。氟化后活性炭纤维的孔结构和比表面积变小,氮低温吸附等温曲线明显降低。     

Mercury adsorption on granular activated carbon in aqueous solutions containing nitrates and chlorides

Adsorption is an effective process to remove mercury from polluted waters. In spite of the great number of experiments on this subject, the assessment of the optimal working conditions for industrial processes is suffering the lack of reliable models to describe the main adsorption mechanisms. This paper presents a critical analysis of mercury adsorption on an activated carbon, based on the use of chemical speciation analysis to find out correlations between mercury adsorption and concentration of dissolved species. To support this analysis, a comprehensive experimental study on mercury adsorption at different mercury concentrations, temperatures and pH was carried out in model aqueous solutions. This study pointed out that mercury capture occurs mainly through adsorption of cationic species, the adsorption of anions being significant only for basic pH. Furthermore, it was shown that HgOH(+) and Hg(2+) are captured to a higher extent than HgCl(+), but their adsorption is more sensitive to solution pH. Tests on the effect of temperature in a range from 10 to 55 °C showed a peculiar non-monotonic trend for mercury solution containing chlorides. The chemical speciation and the assumption of adsorption exothermicity allow describing this experimental finding without considering the occurrence of different adsorption mechanisms at different temperature.     

Study on adsorption refrigeration cycle utilizing activated carbon fibers. Part 1. Adsorption characteristics

Thermal heat driven adsorption systems using natural refrigerants have been focused on the recent energy utilization trend. However, the drawbacks of these adsorption systems are their poor performance in terms of system cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP). The objective of this paper is to improve the performance of thermally powered adsorption cooling system by selecting new adsorbent–refrigerant pair. Adsorption capacity of adsorbent–refrigerant pair depends on the thermophysical properties (pore size, pore volume and pore diameter) of adsorbent and isothermal characteristics of the pair. In this paper, the thermophysical properties of two PAN types of activated carbon fibers (FX-400 and KF-1000) are determined from the nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The standard nitrogen gas adsorption/desorption measurements on various adsorbents at liquid nitrogen of temperature 77.3 K were performed. Surface area of each adsorbent was determined by the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) plot of nitrogen adsorption data. Pore size distribution was measured by the Horvath and Kawazoe (HK) method. As of the adsorption/desorption isotherms, FX-400 shows very small hysteresis when the value of P/P_o exceeds 0.4, while KF-1000 has no hysteresis in the whole range of P/P_o. The adsorption capacity of FX-400 is about 30% higher than that of KF-1000. The adsorption equilibrium data of activated carbon fiber (ACF)-methanol are presented and correlated with simple equations. The adsorption equilibrium data of ACF (KF-1000)-water also presented in order to facilitate comparison with those of ACFs-methanol pair. The results will contribute significantly in designing the adsorber/desorber heat exchanger for thermally driven adsorption cooling system.     

Energetic heterogeneity of oxidized activated carbon fibers

Energetic heterogeneities of the oxidized cellulose-, pitch-, and poly-acrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibers are characterized by means of the adsorption potential distribution functions. These distributions are calculated from the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption isotherms by using the condensation approximation method. It is shown that the distribution functions obtained for the carbon fibers studied are composed of two peaks, which reflect the bi-microporous structure of these solids.