个性化图像美学评价的研究进展与趋势

图像美学评价方法是当前研究的热点问题。图像美学评价分为大众化和个性化两种。大众化图像美学评价主要研究大多数人对图像共同的审美感知评估,而个性化图像美学评价可以针对用户的个性化审美感知进行评估。现有的研究工作主要集中在大众化图像美学评价上,但是由于人们对图像的审美体验具有高度主观性,研究针对特定用户的个性化图像美学评价方法更加符合现实意义。目前研究人员针对个性化图像美学评价展开了相关研究,并取得了一定的研究进展。但是现有的文献中缺少对个性化图像美学评价方法的综述,本文针对个性化图像美学评价的研究进展与趋势进行概述。首先分析图像美学评价的研究现状与发展趋势;然后针对现阶段的个性化图像美学评价模型进行概述,将现有的个性化图像美学评价模型总结为基于协同过滤的模型、基于用户交互的模型和基于审美差异的模型,并分析这3类模型主要的设计思路以及优缺点;最后介绍个性化图像美学评价在精准营销、个性化推荐系统、个性化视觉增强和个性化艺术设计上的应用前景,并指出未来研究工作在主观特性分析和知识驱动建模等方面的发展方向。     

本体推理机及应用

随着语义web的迅速发展,基于本体的应用越来越多,本体推理机的应用也越来越为重要。本体推理机可用于推理和查询语义,是实现语义Web的关键技术之一。介绍了本体推理机及其分类、结构以及相关技术,介绍了几种典型的本体推理机;分析了本体推理机的应用及其发展的趋势。     

ComR: a combined OWL reasoner for ontology classification

Ontology classification, the problem of computing the subsumption hierarchies for classes (atomic concepts), is a core reasoning service provided by Web Ontology Language (OWL) reasoners. Although general-purpose OWL 2 reasoners employ sophisticated optimizations for classification, they are still not efficient owing to the high complexity of tableau algorithms for expressive ontologies. Profile-specific OWL 2 EL reasoners are efficient; however, they become incomplete even if the ontology contains only a small number of axioms that are outside the OWL 2 EL fragment. In this paper, we present a technique that combines an OWL 2 EL reasoner with an OWL 2 reasoner for ontology classification of expressive SROIQ. To optimize the workload, we propose a task decomposition strategy for identifying the minimal non-EL subontology that contains only necessary axioms to ensure completeness. During the ontology classification, the bulk of the workload is delegated to an efficient OWL 2 EL reasoner and only the minimal non- EL subontology is handled by a less efficient OWL 2 reasoner. The proposed approach is implemented in a prototype ComR and experimental results show that our approach offers a substantial speedup in ontology classification. For the wellknown ontology NCI, the classification time is reduced by 96.9% (resp. 83.7%) compared against the standard reasoner Pellet (resp. the modular reasoner MORe).     

一种改进的领域本体分类算法

本体学习技术的研究目前还处于探索阶段。研究了知识生产领域中本体学习技术的应用,提出了本体学习中领域本体的分类算法。本算法同时考虑了概念之间的语义相似度与结构相关度,并以"分类量化值"作为领域本体的分类标准。实验证明,本算法较之其它相关算法更为有效。     

语义网格中基于多策略学习的Ontology匹配方法

近些年来，语义Web和网格计算这两个方向在各自的研究社区分别发展着，这两方面的交叉即语义网格(semantic grid)则是最近一段时间兴起的研究领域．通过给网格附加语义层，能够促进网格自组织的形成．现有的Gnd社区都是使用集中式的、一致性的、可扩充的Ontology库．超越集中式的语义存储是语义网格发展面临的最大挑战之一．针对网格社区间的Ontology异构性这个问题，提出了一种多策略的Ontology匹配学习方法．它使用多种分类方法来学习Ontology之间的匹配：使用一般的基于统计的分类方法来发现数据实例内部的分类特征；或者使用基于一阶逻辑的学习算法FOIL来发现数据实例之间的语义联系．在单个方法预测的基础上，匹配系统使用称之为最突出的冠军的匹配委员会方法来集成分类结果．实验表明在现实的知识领域中，系统能达到很高的匹配精度．     

一种履带式本体构建模型

为了有效地指导本体构建,创建了履带式本体构造模型来描述本体的构造方法。定义和描述了构成此模型的基本要素,包括本体（上层本体、领域本体和应用本体）和本体构造步骤（分析、设计、开发、部署和评估）,并在此基础上做出了定性分析,说明了顶级本体驱动开发方法、领域本体驱动开发方法和应用领域开发方法各自的特点。通过对此模型的分析和应用,以指导在本体开发中使用正确的开发方法。     

Social Media Burnout: Definition,Measurement Instrument,and Why We Care

Social media users have shown several burnout symptoms lately. In this research, we study the social media burnout issue from three perspectives, including a user’s ambivalence, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization. Building on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), we designed a new scale to measure a user’s social media burnout. Using social media continuance as an example, we investigated the effects of social media burnout on a user’s post-adoption intention. We find that ambivalence, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization can all significantly negatively influence a user’s social media continuance.     

层次式本体模型的领域分析与设计方法的研究

本体是研究客观事物的系统化表达,即研究主观认识与客观存在之间的关系。在知识工程中,主要研究如何描述知识更加准确,使其更加贴近知识的本来面目。本文提出层次式本体模型,按照知识的通用程度,将本体划分为建模元数据层、顶层本体层和子领域本体层,各层的元素之间具有清晰的、明确的语义关系,从而具有更加丰富和强大的知识表达和建模能力。在领域工程中,层次式本体模型可以用于领域知识建模,并在领域分析和领域设计之间建立规则联系。本文以MES领域为背景,应用上述方法作研究。     

基于本体的信息集成框架及应用

本体映射是本体集成的一个关键环节。构建本体映射是分布式环境下实现不同本体之间共享和交流的基础性工作。本文首先通过举例分析了本体映射的概念,再从映射的构建思路和具体实现的角度对本体映射的方法进行了总结,最后分析了现在本体映射存在的问题和可能的研究前景。     

A parallel computing architecture for high-performance OWL reasoning

The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a widely used knowledge representation language for describing knowledge in application domains by using classes, properties, and individuals. Ontology classification is an important and widely used service that computes a taxonomy of all classes occurring in an ontology. It can require significant amounts of runtime, but most OWL reasoners do not support any kind of parallel processing. We present a novel thread-level parallel architecture for ontology classification, which is ideally suited for shared-memory SMP servers, but does not rely on locking techniques and thus avoids possible race conditions. We evaluated our prototype implementation with a set of real-world ontologies. Our experiments demonstrate a very good scalability resulting in a speedup that is linear to the number of available cores.     

Assessing multiscale visual appearance characteristics of neighbourhoods using geographically weighted principal component analysis in Shenzhen,China

The neighbourhood is a basic residential unit and is characterized by its physical setting, functional attributes and visual appearance. The visual appearance of a neighbourhood can directly affect the impression of humans regarding the local living environment. Assessing the characteristics of the visual appearance of a neighbourhood is significance for promoting people's physical activities, improving residents' sense of comfort and even ensuring the equality of facilities. However, studies assessing the spatial characteristics of visual appearance are still limited. Therefore, this article applies street view images to quantify the visual appearance of neighbourhoods at multiple scales in Shenzhen, China. Then, geographically weighted principal component analysis (GWPCA) is employed to explore the varying multivariate structures of visual appearance. The results confirm that GWPCA can be effective in assessing the visual appearance characteristics of neighbourhoods while considering spatial heterogeneity. The visual appearance characteristics of neighbourhoods are sensitive to both the spatial location and analysis scale. The extracted geographically weighted principal components (GWPCs) can represent the original screen elements by emphasizing certain comprehensive concepts, such as walkability, accessibility and vibrancy. The exploratory findings of this article allow for an improvement of studies on spatial quality at the human scale and could potentially guide neighbourhood planning and street design.     

本体的形式化研究

知识本体作为共享概念模型的形式化的规范说明,在信息技术领域的各个方面有着广泛的应用。本体的表示有多种方法,本文给出了OWA(ontology-based Web annotation)、MaedcheA形式化定义、Guarino和KAON(Karlsruhe Ontology)4种典型形式化定义,并对其进行了对比分析。     

从文本中获取植物知识方法的研究

知识获取一直是人工智能中的一个关键问题.当前,知识的文本挖掘（KAT）已经成为计算机领域的一个重要的研究课题.本文中,给出了基于植物本体的从海量网页文本库中自动获取植物领域知识的方法.该方法包括两个部分,一是植物本体（Botanical Ontology）,它是顾芳博士等建立的生物本体的扩展.第二部分是以植物本体为基础,在网络文本库中进行文本挖掘（Text Mining）,自动获取植物知识.实验证明,基于本体的文本挖掘是一种有效的知识获取方法.     

一种基于概念格胶合的模糊本体合并方法

为了解决本体异构问题,实现本体资源的共享和重用,需要进行本体集成。本体合并是集成的一种方式。本体对概念外延和内涵揭示得不够,对概念的表达深度不够。形式概念分析可以很好地表示和处理概念以及概念之间的关系,但是在语言表达和推理等方面还很不足,因此需要将它们结合起来表达和处理知识,提高语义表达能力。提出了一种基于模糊概念格胶合的模糊本体合并方法,为模糊本体集成提供了一种新的方法。     

Physical activity classification in free-living conditions using smartphone accelerometer data and exploration of predicted results

In recent decades, decreasing physical activity has emerged as one of the major issues affecting human health since people increasingly engaged in sedentary behavior in their homes and workplaces. In physical activity research, using GPS trajectories and advanced GIS methods has a potential for greatly enhancing our understanding of the association between objectively measured moderate and vigorous physical activity and physical and social environments. Relying only on objectively measured physical activity intensity, however, ignores the role of different places and types of physical activity on people's health outcomes. The aim of this study is to propose an approach to classifying physical activity in free-living conditions for physical activity research using published smartphone accelerometer data. Random forest and gradient boosting are used to predict jogging, walking, sitting, and standing. Generated training models based on the two classifiers are tested on accelerometer data collected from the smartphones of two subjects in free-living conditions. GPS trajectories with predicted physical activity labels are visually explored on a map to offer new insight on the assessment of the predicted results of daily activities and the identification of any difference in the results between random forest and gradient boosting. The findings of this study indicate that random forest and gradient boosting enable accurate physical activity classification in free-living conditions. GPS trajectories linked with predicted labels on a map assist the visual exploration of the erroneous prediction in daily activities including in-vehicle activities.     

The Good,the Bad,and the Commons: A Critical Review of Popular Discourse on Piracy and Power During Anti‐ACTA Protests

The article analyses popular discourse on piracy and power that emerged as a result of people's online anti‐ACTA (Anti‐Counterfeiting Trade Agreement) engagement in Poland. Drawing upon a social semiotic visual analysis of 921 ACTA‐related images shared online in 2012, the author analyzes a collective reconstruction of the concept of “piracy” and the popular narrative of the conflict in terms of its sides and subject. The study reveals how anti‐ACTA images form a medium of national popular culture adaptation of global pop‐ and countercultural modalities. The protesters appropriated them to oppose another attempt at global copyright enforcement. New media became not only the tool and environment for these activities but were also collectively depicted as “the commons,” endangered by the agreement.     

Social learning network analysis model to identify learning patterns using ontology clustering techniques and meaningful learning

Clustering on Social Learning Network still not explored widely, especially when the network focuses on e-learning system. Any conventional methods are not really suitable for the e-learning data. SNA requires content analysis, which involves human intervention and need to be carried out manually. Some of the previous clustering techniques need some centroid for the cluster initialization. Furthermore, the other researcher tried to apply ontology for the cluster on social network domain. This paper tries to reveal the behavior of students from all activities in Moodle e-learning system by putting ontology on domain social learning network (Moodle) which is not explored in the prior study. The activities such as forum, quiz, assignment, etc. are placed as clustering parameter according to the ontology model. The ontology of Moodle e-learning system is created to capture the activities of the student inside Moodle e-learning. Five meaningful attributes are used as group cluster for classifying the students' behaviour. According to the result, most of the students belong to the intentional group while some of the students belong to the constructive and active group. The constructed cluster is calculated based on the e-learning hits during the learning process inside Moodle e-learning. The result on the classification of students' behaviour using ontology cluster is comparable to their final achievement grade. It is believed that this study can bring immense benefit to the development of e-learning system in the future.     

基于StarGAN和类别编码器的图像风格转换

图像风格转换技术已经融入到人们的生活中,并被广泛应用于图像艺术化、卡通化、图像着色、滤镜处理和去遮挡等实际场景中,因此,图像风格转换具有重要的研究意义与应用价值.StarGAN是近年来用于多域图像风格转换的生成对抗网络框架.StarGAN通过简单地下采样提取特征,然后通过上采样生成图片,但是生成图片的背景颜色信息、人物...     

基于词间语义关联性的本体扩展

本体作为一种概念模型建模工具,被应用到计算机的各个领域,用来信息组织和知识管理。本体扩展是一种将新概念以及概念间的关系添加到已有本体的合适位置,以扩大本体为目的的方法。提出一种基于词间语义关联性从文本中扩展本体的方法,该方法主要利用共现分析、词过滤技术和词间语义关联性从文本中发现潜在的概念,作为待扩展概念,并使用扩展规则、包含分析等关系识别技术将概念添加到已有本体中。以电子政务领域的教育子领域为例,使用该方法扩展了一个教育领域的领域本体,结果表明该方法扩展的本体比较合理,具备较强的应用能力。