食品安全快速检测技术的专利文献计量研究

目前,食品安全快速检测技术得到了飞速发展和广泛应用,也是食品安全领域的研究重点,但是对食品安全快速检测技术的专利文献情报研究几乎空白。本文基于德温特专利数据库和德温特专利分析平台对食品安全快速检测技术领域相关专利进行分析,客观揭示技术发展态势、分析主要原创技术的全球专利布局、挖掘前沿研究热点等;并通过分析在华专利,深度透视我国在食品安全快速检测技术领域实施技术创新所面临的国内外形势和存在的问题。我国为食品安全快速检测技术最大的专利申请国,但是我国专利授权比例有待提高。我国在专利布局战略方面倾向于本土专利布局。结合国际专利分类号分析出我国主要的专利技术领域集中在利用光学、单克隆抗体、核酸和遗传工程等方法和手段进行食品安全快速检测。本文还通过专利地图洞悉全球食品安全快速检测技术领域技术布局变迁及当前热点领域,为食品科研工作者提供参考。     

植物源性食品原产地溯源技术研究进展

食品产地溯源技术是有效实施食品原产地追溯、保护名优特产品的重要技术手段。国内外对植物源性食品产地判别的研究日益增加。植物源性食品的溯源对象已由葡萄酒、茶叶、咖啡、橄榄油、蜂蜜、果汁等扩展至小麦、土豆、番茄、大蒜、蘑菇等食品;其分析技术主要为矿物元素指纹分析、有机成分指纹分析、近红外光谱指纹分析和电子鼻;植物源性食品产地溯源在研究地域差异的基础上,已开始关注地域特征成因分析及品种、年际、加工工艺等对溯源指标的影响。但对于不同亚地区的食品来源区分还存在较大困难,溯源模型的稳定性研究仍旧缺乏。本文旨在为植物源性特色农产品和地理标志食品的产地溯源、确证及监管研究提供参考。     

Novel and emerging technologies used by the U.S. food processing industry

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the extent of novel non-thermal food processing technologies usage in the United States. A survey was conducted to food experts to study the major reasons for using novel technologies, the limitations for not implementing specific technologies, and the main drivers for innovation of non-thermal food processing technologies. The survey study focused on the high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field, pulsed light, irradiation, ultrasound, oscillating magnetic fields, and cold atmospheric plasma technologies. High pressure processing (35.6%) was the most commonly used non-thermal food processing technologies, followed by pulsed electric field (20%). Rapidly increasing novel technologies included cold atmospheric plasma (14.1%) and oscillating magnetic fields (14.1%). More than 70% of the respondents indicated that the main factor for choosing non-thermal food processing technology was better nutrient and sensory properties. High investment (41%) was the major limitation for implementing non-thermal food processing technologies. The results indicated the main drivers for innovation were equipment manufacturers (43.8%) and government research (42.3%). The results emphasized the need for new and improved innovative, non-thermal technologies to provide a balance between safety and minimal processing.Industrial relevanceThis research provides industry with an overview of perceptions food managers, scientists and technologists of novel non-thermal food processing technologies. This research investigated factors that food companies use to implement particular food processing technologies and the limitations prohibit them from using such technologies. There are technologies which are still under development and are currently being conducted to extend the shelf life of certain foods while preserving freshness and natural nutrients. This study investigated technologies currently being used, ones still under development, and the main drivers for innovation of these technologies within the United States.     

基于文献计量学的食品大数据技术研究分析

食品大数据技术是目前食品科学与工程领域的研究热点之一,在食品安全管理、食品智能制造、膳食营养与健康等方面具有重大发展潜力。本文以Web of Science核心合集数据库和Derwent Innovations Index数据库中的论文和专利为研究对象,采用文献计量学的方法,对食品大数据技术的研究现状、热点、发展方向以及不同国家学术综合影响力和合作关系等进行综合分析。结果显示,该技术在食品安全管理领域中已取得了较好的研究与应用成果,为全链式的食品安全信息监测、风险预警、质量溯源等提供了强力助推;在食品智能制造领域中面临着较大的困难与阻碍,但在3D打印食品等研究中表现出巨大的发展潜力;在膳食营养与健康领域中进展缓慢,应用程度较低,距离其真正实现智能化的营养管理与健康干预依旧比较遥远。我国相关研究发文量较大,但相较于欧美等发达国家在学术综合影响力和合作关系网络方面仍落后。因此,亟需加强关键技术的自主研发和国内外合作交流,为我国食品产业的数字化跨越式发展奠定基础。     

食品科学高被引论文计量分析

为了解食品科学学科的研究现状,基于文献计量学视角,对2009—2018年食品科学学科高被引论文的文献总量、发文国家、研究机构、来源期刊与研究热点进行分析。结果显示:我国在食品科学学科高被引论文数已位居全球第一,然而,从总被引次数和篇均被引次数看,我国高被引论文的影响力和质量与美国存在较大差距,我国在高被引论文国际科技合作网络中的影响力也远不及美国。在入选高被引论文数排名前20的科研机构中,中国的机构虽占据最多(5席),但各机构同样存在总被引次数和篇均被引次数偏低的现象。当前食品科学学科的发展呈现多学科交叉融合态势,全球范围内的研究热点主要集中在食品有效组分的生物活性及作用机理、新型营养成分递送系统(微胶囊、纳米胶囊、乳液体系)、肠道微生物、成分的稳定性、食品包装和货架期等方面。中美之间以及中国的优势研究机构之间研究领域有明显不同且各具特色。     

Application of atomic force microscopy as a nanotechnology tool in food science

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides a method for detecting nanoscale structural information. First, this review explains the fundamentals of AFM, including principle, manipulation, and analysis. Applications of AFM are then reported in food science and technology research, including qualitative macromolecule and polymer imaging, complicated or quantitative structure analysis, molecular interaction, molecular manipulation, surface topography, and nanofood characterization. The results suggested that AFM could bring insightful knowledge on food properties, and the AFM analysis could be used to illustrate some mechanisms of property changes during processing and storage. However, the current difficulty in applying AFM to food research is lacking appropriate methodology for different food systems. Better understanding of AFM technology and developing corresponding methodology for complicated food systems would lead to a more in-depth understanding of food properties at macromolecular levels and enlarge their applications. The AFM results could greatly improve the food processing and storage technologies.     

Enhancing Food Processing by Pulsed and High Voltage Electric Fields: Principles and Applications

ABSTRACT

Improvements in living standards result in a growing demand for food with high quality attributes including freshness, nutrition and safety. However, current industrial processing methods rely on traditional thermal and chemical methods, such as sterilization and solvent extraction, which could induce negative effects on food quality and safety. The electric fields (EFs) involving pulsed electric fields (PEFs) and high voltage electric fields (HVEFs) have been studied and developed for assisting and enhancing various food processes. In this review, the principles and applications of pulsed and high voltage electric fields are described in details for a range of food processes, including microbial inactivation, component extraction, and winemaking, thawing and drying, freezing and enzymatic inactivation. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of electric field related technologies are discussed to foresee future developments in the food industry.

This review demonstrates that electric field technology has a great potential to enhance food processing by supplementing or replacing the conventional methods employed in different food manufacturing processes. Successful industrial applications of electric field treatments have been achieved in some areas such as microbial inactivation and extraction. However, investigations of HVEFs are still in an early stage and translating the technology into industrial applications need further research efforts.     

Nonthermal preservation of foods using combined processing techniques

In the last 2 decades, consumer demand for fresher, higher quality, and safer food has promoted research on nonthermal methods of food preservation for the inactivation of microorganisms and enzymes as an alternative to thermal processes. However, the high resistance of certain enzymes and microorganisms to nonthermal processes, especially bacterial spores, limit their application. To expand the use of nonthermal processes in the food industry, combinations of these technologies with traditional or emerging food preservation techniques are being studied. The use of nonthermal processes in combination with other preservation technologies presents a number of potential benefits to food preservation. The purpose of this article is to review some successful combinations of different nonthermal technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound, pulsed electric fields, and irradiation, with traditional or emerging food preservation technologies.     

What Do We Know About Chain Actors’ Evaluation of New Food Technologies? A Systematic Review of Consumer and Farmer Studies

New food technologies, such as genetic modification, food fortification, and processing technologies, are of growing interest for future food security and safety. For ensuring successful implementation of such technologies, consumers and other food supply chain actors should embrace them. We present a systematic review to identify and compare key factors of supply chain actors’ evaluation of new food technologies. Evaluation encompasses indicators such as likelihood or intention to perform a behavior, perceived benefits/risks, willingness to pay, acceptance/adoption, and attitudes. Results from 183 studies showed several imbalances in research. Although studies mainly focused on (1) genetically modified foods, (2) by consumers, (3) in developed countries, only very few studies have targeted other food technologies, other supply chain actors such as farmers (13 studies) or processors (two studies), or developing countries (43 studies). With respect to consumers’ evaluation, key determinants were trust in institutions, information assessment, perceived risks and benefits, attitudes toward the product or technology, perceived behavioral control, quality perception of the product, and impact on health. Farmers’ evaluation of new food technologies was explained by the factors of perceived risk and benefits and of actual source of information. For the few processor evaluation studies, no convergence of factors could be reached. This systematic review contributes to a better understanding of consumers’ and farmers’ evaluation behavior and opens up avenues for future research on supply chain actors’ food technology evaluations. The differences in the conceptualization and measurement of extracted factors demonstrate the need for standardized approaches in future studies.     

大数据在美国食品安全监管中的应用研究及对我国的启示

食品安全大数据应用对于建立基于预防的食品安全体系起着至关重要的作用。随着互联网和信息技术的发展,我国政府对于大数据在食品安全监管中的应用愈加重视,并营造了良好的政策环境以推进食品安全大数据建设。但是食品安全大数据是一项集食品工程、统计分析、数据库信息管理、计算机网络等多领域和新兴技术交叉的复杂工程,目前我国在此领域的研究尚处于起步阶段。相比之下,美国的食品安全大数据建设工作已经比较成熟。本文从食品安全数据标准、数据采集和共享系统、统一的信息化体系、数据开放等多个方面分析了美国食品安全大数据的应用实践,并为我国食品安全大数据开发、推动智慧监管提出了建议。     

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma and low energy electron beam as alternative nonthermal decontamination technologies for dry food surfaces: A review

BackgroundDry food products are often highly contaminated, and dry stress-resistant microorganisms, such as certain types of Salmonella and bacterial spores, can be still viable and multiply if the product is incorporated into high moisture food products or rehydrated. Traditional technologies for the decontamination of these products have certain limitations and drawbacks, such as alterations of product quality, environmental impacts, carcinogenic potential and/or lower consumer acceptance. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) and low energy electron beam (LEEB) are two promising innovative technologies for microbial inactivation on dry food surfaces, which have shown potential to solve these certain limitations.Scope and approachThis review critically summarizes recent studies on the decontamination of dry food surfaces by CAPP and LEEB. Furthermore, proposed inactivation mechanisms, product-process interactions, current limitations and upscaling potential, as well as future trends and research needs for both emerging technologies, are discussed.Key findings and conclusionsCAPP and LEEB are nonthermal technologies with a high potential for the gentle decontamination of dry food surfaces. Both technologies have similarities in their inactivation mechanisms. Due to the limited penetration depth of both technologies, product-process interactions can be minimized by maintaining product quality. A first demonstrator with Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 7 for LEEB has already been introduced into the food industry for the decontamination of herbs and spices. Compared with LEEB, CAPP is at the advanced development stage with TRL 5, for which further work is essential to design systems that are scalable to industrial requirements.     

Active Packaging Applications for Food

The traditional role of food packaging is continuing to evolve in response to changing market needs. Current drivers such as consumer's demand for safer, “healthier,” and higher‐quality foods, ideally with a long shelf‐life; the demand for convenient and transparent packaging, and the preference for more sustainable packaging materials, have led to the development of new packaging technologies, such as active packaging (AP). As defined in the European regulation (EC) No 450/2009, AP systems are designed to “deliberately incorporate components that would release or absorb substances into or from the packaged food or the environment surrounding the food.” Active packaging materials are thereby “intended to extend the shelf‐life or to maintain or improve the condition of packaged food.” Although extensive research on AP technologies is being undertaken, many of these technologies have not yet been implemented successfully in commercial food packaging systems. Broad communication of their benefits in food product applications will facilitate the successful development and market introduction. In this review, an overview of AP technologies, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant or carbon dioxide‐releasing systems, and systems absorbing oxygen, moisture or ethylene, is provided, and, in particular, scientific publications illustrating the benefits of such technologies for specific food products are reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges in applying such AP technologies to food systems and the anticipated direction of future developments are discussed. This review will provide food and packaging scientists with a thorough understanding of the benefits of AP technologies when applied to specific foods and hence can assist in accelerating commercial adoption.     

Fibrillar structures in food

Assembly of proteins or peptides into fibrils is an important subject of study in various research fields. In the field of food research, the protein fibrils are interesting candidates as functional ingredients. It is essential to understand the formation and properties of the fibrils for successful application of the fibrils in food products. This paper describes the impact of recent research on the general view of the process of fibril formation from β-lg and the properties of the fibrils that are formed, leading to better control of applications for the fibrils. There is a need for a better understanding of the behavior of fibrils in more complex food systems.     

Non-gene-editing microbiome engineering of spontaneous food fermentation microbiota—Limitation control,design control,and integration

Non-gene-editing microbiome engineering (NgeME) is the rational design and control of natural microbial consortia to perform desired functions. Traditional NgeME approaches use selected environmental variables to force natural microbial consortia to perform the desired functions. Spontaneous food fermentation, the oldest kind of traditional NgeME, transforms foods into various fermented products using natural microbial networks. In traditional NgeME, spontaneous food fermentation microbiotas (SFFMs) are typically formed and controlled manually by the establishment of limiting factors in small batches with little mechanization. However, limitation control generally leads to trade-offs between efficiency and the quality of fermentation. Modern NgeME approaches based on synthetic microbial ecology have been developed using designed microbial communities to explore assembly mechanisms and target functional enhancement of SFFMs. This has greatly improved our understanding of microbiota control, but such approaches still have shortcomings compared to traditional NgeME. Here, we comprehensively describe research on mechanisms and control strategies for SFFMs based on traditional and modern NgeME. We discuss the ecological and engineering principles of the two approaches to enhance the understanding of how best to control SFFM. We also review recent applied and theoretical research on modern NgeME and propose an integrated in vitro synthetic microbiota model to bridge gaps between limitation control and design control for SFFM.     

Nonthermal Technologies for Fruit and Vegetable Juices and Beverages: Overview and Advances

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the design of novel nonthermal processing systems that minimally modify sensory, nutritional, and functional properties of fruit and vegetable juices and beverages. The benefits of nonthermal treatments are strongly dependent on the food matrix. Thus, an understanding of the effects that these technologies exert on the properties of juices and beverages is important to design and optimize technological parameters to produce value‐added products. This review covers research on nonthermal electrical treatments, high pressure processing, ultrasound, radiation processing, inert gas treatments, cold plasma, and membrane processing. Advances towards optimization of processing conditions, and combined technologies approaches have been also extensively reviewed. This information could be useful to: (1) manage processing systems and optimize resources; (2) preserve nutritional value and organoleptic properties, and (3) provide processing conditions for validation of these technologies at the industrial scale.     

Dairy foods and novel thermal and non-thermal processing: A bibliometric analysis

Processing dairy products by conventional methods, such as pasteurization, can induce chemical reactions and physicochemical alterations, compromising nutritional and sensory quality. Thus, there is a growing worldwide demand for studies related to emerging processing technologies. This study aims to describe trends related to dairy processing through the application of emerging technologies. In this sense, articles published in this area of research in the last decade were retrieved from scientific databases, and their findings were analyzed through a bibliometric study. Reviews and original articles expressed 40 and 60% of publications, respectively, and novel thermal and non-thermal processing studies showed multidisciplinary approaches. Ohmic heating and microwave heating were the most discussed novel thermal technologies in the processing of dairy products. Among non-thermal technologies, there was a more significant trend in studies on ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, and pulsed electric fields. The impact of the application of novel food technologies concerning quality, safety, and energy efficiency compared to traditional methods and the influence of critical operating conditions for process control were the most studied areas. Furthermore, the impact of novel non-thermal food processing technologies from the consumer's point of view is emerging. These results can be used for future innovations by the dairy industry.Industrial relevanceDairy foods are important food matrices considering a nutritional and functional point of view and recommended in a regular diet for consumers of all ages. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was performed considering dairy foods and novel thermal and non-thermal processing. A higher number of publications considering non-thermal technologies was reported, highlighting the need for food processing without applying high temperatures. High hydrostatic pressure, ultrasonication, and pulsed electric fields were the most discussed non-thermal technologies. At the same time, ohmic heating and microwave heating were the most reported thermal technologies. Furthermore, the most used applications, critical process parameters, and food properties to be evaluated are highlighted and discussed. The results could be used as a basis for the dairy processors to implement non-conventional technologies as an option at their production lines, as they demonstrate the most relevant process parameters and food characteristics to be evaluated, helping them to choose the parameters with higher impact and firstly consider them. Furthermore, consumers studies are important and should evaluate consumer perception about the products and the perceived benefits and risks of the novel technologies.     

Ensuring the future of functional foods

Consumption of functional foods suggests a strategy to reduce the incidence of chronic health disorders. This message has resonated with consumers and driven market growth. Functional food research has significantly increased over the last decade but few studies have addressed the bioavailability of active ingredients for clinical efficacy. Baked goods such as bread, biscuits and cake are popular categories for innovation due to their widespread consumption. These new developments have often impacted on organoleptic properties of the finished products and thus consumer acceptance. Blending of bioactive ingredients may overcome this deficit. However, an understanding of the role of the microbiome in health has indicated that the efficacy of functional foods is unlikely to be uniform within the population. Further growth in the functional foods market, is likely to require greater evidence of the bioavailability of active ingredients, clinical effect and support for health claims by regulators especially in the EU.     

转基因作物检测技术研究进展

转基因作物的广泛种植为人类社会带来了巨大的经济利益和社会效益,有效缓解了因土地不足或病虫害导致的粮食减产和不足的现状。由于目前转基因食品的生物安全仍存在不确定性,随着其种植面积的逐年增加,转基因食品检测在转基因生物安全监管中的作用越来越重要。因此,建立简单、快速、适用性强的转基因检测方法对转基因食品监管、评估和风险防范等具有重大的意义。本文针对目前三大类,分别为基于核酸水平的检测、基于蛋白水平的检测和基于代谢物水平检测的具体转基因检测技术的原理、应用和研究进展进行概述,并对相关的检测方法及其适用范围进行了简单概括,对比不同检测技术的优势和劣势,指出了目前转基因生物检测技术存在的问题,展望了未来转基因检测技术的发展方向,以期使人们对转基因检测技术的现状和发展趋势有较为清晰和全面的了解。     

Knowledge integration and the adoption of new agricultural technologies: Kenyan perspectives

Despite gains in agricultural yields, access to food remains a serious challenge in many parts of the world. It is now recognized that improving food security requires a more integrated understanding of food systems and that key under-explored areas of these systems are likely to be crucial in developing effective policy change. In Kenya, institutional changes have occurred to facilitate knowledge integration within the agricultural sector. Drawing on the experiences and understandings of key stakeholders in Kenya, this paper aims to identify and better understand the barriers to knowledge integration for improved agricultural technologies and their adoption. A number of barriers to the flow of knowledge to and from those working to develop new agricultural technologies and farmers are identified. The results of this study suggest a potential link between farmers?? levels of community organization and levels of trust with levels of knowledge integration surrounding agricultural technologies and their adoption. The findings suggest that increasing the planning and follow-up of newly introduced agricultural technologies has the potential to encourage interdisciplinary approaches and improve food security outcomes.