聚合物制备工程陶瓷的研究概况

随着聚碳硅烷、聚硅氮烷、聚硅氧烷以及聚硅硼烷等先进前驱体材料的开发,由含硅陶瓷预制体聚合物制备的工程陶瓷在Si-O-C-N-B体系中占有重要的地位。耐高温的SiC和SiN陶瓷纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料(CMC)已在航空、航天结构中获得应用,而耐中、低温的新型涂层、单向带,泡沫和复杂形状的构件在未来将在能源、环境、运输和通讯领域占有重要的地位。综述了陶瓷预制体聚合物的合成、聚合物制备陶瓷的性能、聚合物制备陶瓷的方法以及影响聚合物热解的主要因素。     

特种陶瓷的发展与展望

本文回顾了陶瓷材料的发展历史,着重评述了特种陶瓷如工程结构陶瓷、陶瓷基复合材料、生物陶瓷、功能陶瓷等的发展现状,并展望了特种陶瓷的未来发展。     

Processing of advanced ceramic composites: issues of producibility,affordability, reliability,and tailorability

Abstract

The significant advantages of advanced ceramic materials when compared to metals are severely compromised by high manufacturing costs and brittleness related problems. The development of ceramic matrix composites usually involves processing–property tradeoffs that, in most cases, make advanced performance components unaffordable for general commodity applications. Some new, mainly reaction formed composites, however, seem to offer a way out of this dilemma. The present paper reviews processes and properties of such low cost, high value added components with emphasis on reactively synthesised ceramic–metal composites of near net shape. After property and cost evaluations, the production methods and the resulting composites are assessed with respect to future applications.     

复合陶瓷的应用发展是未来新材料市场的主题

陶瓷基复合材料不是传统意义上的陶瓷,它是以陶瓷为基体与各种纤维复合的一类复合材料。其主要基体有玻璃陶瓷、氧化铝、氮化硅等,具有高温强度好、高耐磨性、高耐腐蚀性、低膨胀系数、隔热性好及低密度等特性,而且资源也比较丰富,有广泛的应用前景。针对陶瓷基复合材料成为争夺国际市场的制高点,分析了陶瓷基复合材料的研发受到重视,阐述了复合陶瓷材料的特点,介绍了陶瓷基复合材料的应用领域,同时指出了节能环保的车用陶瓷基结构复合材料大有作为。     

陶瓷表面化学镀Ni-P合金工艺的研究

陶瓷表面经化学镀镍处理后既可以保证陶瓷原有的机械物理性能,又可以使陶瓷具有导电、导热、耐蚀等性能.采用正交实验的方法,得出陶瓷表面化学镀镍的最佳工艺配方和条件.采用扫描电子显微镜观察镀层微观形貌,利用能谱仪分析其化学成分,通过热震实验测试镀层与陶瓷的结合力.结果表明:陶瓷表面镀层覆盖完整、均匀、致密,镀层与陶瓷结合良好...     

Directionally Solidified Boride and Carbide Eutectic Ceramics

Borides and carbides generally have outstanding hardness, excellent wear resistance, and high melting points due to their covalent bonding. Directionally solidified eutectic (DSE) composites of boride and carbide constituent phases have been investigated since the 1970s as an approach to produce dense composite microstructures with added control over the microstructure. A variety of DSE ceramic composites have been developed and evaluated as potential materials for structural and functional applications due to their unique thermo‐electro‐mechanical properties. Renewed interest over the past few decades has been motivated, in part, by the needs for ultrahigh‐temperature composites for aerospace applications along with low‐density composites for armor applications. Some directionally solidified boride and carbide DSEs exhibit advantages in material properties over monolithic materials. This study reviews historical and recent research on processing methods, microstructure, crystallography, and material properties (mechanical, electrical, thermal properties, and oxidation resistance) of directionally solidified boride and carbide eutectic ceramic composites. Opportunities along with current limitations and needs for future developments are also reviewed and discussed.     

电子陶瓷和器件的低温共烧技术

较系统地介绍了电子器件用低温共烧陶瓷(low temperature cofired ceramics,LTCCs)材料,探讨了其工艺中的若干问题。电子器件用低温共烧陶瓷材料包括:玻璃/陶瓷复合材料、结晶化玻璃、晶化玻璃/陶瓷复合材料以及液相烧结陶瓷,其中典型的和最为常用的LTCCs为玻璃/陶瓷(特别是氧化铝)复合材料。正在研究的一些陶瓷介质材料中,Bi基介质材料引起了人们的关注。玻璃/陶瓷复合材料的制备工艺中,应当着重关注和加深了解玻璃的流动性和结晶性、玻璃的起泡、玻璃和陶瓷颗粒间的反应、共烧材料的匹配等问题,从优选材料配方和优化工艺着手,从而获得优质可靠的材质和器件。     

Review: Effect on physical,mechanical, and wear performance of ZrB2-based composites processed with or without additives

Because of unique combination of properties, ultra high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are considered the most suitable material for applications in extreme environments as in hypersonic flights, atmospheric reentry, and rocket propulsion system. Processing of UHTCs especially ZrB₂-based ceramic composites with additives offer advantages in terms of simple processing methodology and excellent properties. Processing route highly controls the ceramic properties. Present review share out systematically and explain the processing strategies of ZrB₂-based ceramic composites––conventional, hot press or spark plasma sintering and their effect on microstructure features, physical, and mechanical properties and tribological performance. Present review suggests that it is possible to process full dense ZrB₂–SiC ceramic composite with ultrafine or nano size particles via fast sintering technique like spark plasma sintering and gives better mechanical and wear resistant properties.     

氮化硅陶瓷的应用和酸腐蚀研究进展

综述了氮化硅陶瓷的三种工业应用,即氮化硅陶瓷轴承球、氮化硅涡轮转子、铝冶金氮化硅陶瓷部件,以及氮化硅在H2SO4,HN03,HCl,HF等酸溶液及高温SO2和HCl气体中的腐蚀行为,对其腐蚀机理进行总结,并提出今后提高氮化硅陶瓷抗腐蚀性能的研究重点。     

Selected Emerging Opportunities for Ceramics in Energy,Environment, and Transportation

Novel ceramic materials and advanced techniques for processing them and controlling their microstructure are breaking new ground in the areas of energy, environment, and transportation. For example, terahertz (THz) properties of ceramic materials and advanced structures reveal their potential for sensing in energy and environmental applications as well as local communication networks in transportation. Emerging opportunities for the development of improved porous ceramics for engine emissions control are discussed in particular, in consideration of the key role that this technology has with respect to global environmental and transportation concerns. Moreover, it is anticipated that advanced ceramics and composites of certain classes will enable innovation in nuclear energy by providing breakthrough accident‐tolerant features. In this article, we highlight these three areas of ceramics that are critical to the future and also show promise for growth.     

氮化物陶瓷粉体的制备技术及发展趋势

氮化物陶瓷具有优异的耐高温、抗腐蚀、耐磨损性能,是一类应用广泛的结构功能材料。采用烧结方式制备结构与性能满足要求的氮化物陶瓷材料,有必要首先合成符合一定纯度和烧结活性的氮化合物粉体。本文综述了传统产业化氮化物陶瓷粉体的制备技术,以及新型合成技术的研究进展;对现有技术中存在的问题做了归纳总结,并依据国家政策层面的需求和支持提出该领域的发展趋势。     

金属基体陶瓷涂料的研究与应用

简介了金属基体陶瓷涂料的应用及其优点。综述了适用于专门金属基体和通用金属基体的陶瓷涂料的最新进展。专用陶瓷涂料可以保护碳钢、不锈钢，也可以用于钛合金基体、Ni基高温合金和铌合金；通用陶瓷涂料按功能分为防腐蚀涂料、耐热涂料、耐火隔热防锈涂料、耐磨涂料及提高基体生物相容性的涂料。列举了重点开发的金属基体陶瓷涂料的领域。     

PVD hard coatings on ceramic tiles for aesthetic applications: surface characterisation and corrosion properties

The development of innovative ceramic tiles looks for materials with improved mechanical and tribological properties as well as a higher corrosion resistance (high relative humidity, daily watering, household chemical cleaners). In addition, a greater durability leads to lower environmental impact. Along with their improved functionality and recyclability, ceramic tiles should also provide aesthetic properties. Ceramic tiles can be treated to modify the physico-chemical properties of the surface by metal coatings or metallic compounds, also providing an attractive metallic sheen appearance. In the present paper, titanium nitride (TiN) and zirconium nitride (ZrN) coatings were deposited on glazed porcelain stoneware by an industrial PVD multicathode arc deposition system under a reactive nitrogen atmosphere. After the process, the tiles showed a gold-like colour, a smooth surface and a coating thickness between 0.7 and 1.6 μm. The coating composition, scratch resistance and corrosion behaviour have been evaluated. It can be concluded that both coatings are suitable for use in domestic environments due to their stability and resistance to aggressive conditions. Few references have been found regarding these coatings on ceramic tiles for domestic and industrial applications, but it has been proved that they bring added value to traditional ceramics, giving new functional properties of ceramics both decorative and highly corrosion and mechanical resistance.     

复合陶瓷的应用发展是未来新材料市场的主题

陶瓷基复合材料不是传统意义上的陶瓷,它是以陶瓷为基体与各种纤维复合的一类复合材料。其主要基体有玻璃陶瓷、氧化铝、氮化硅等,具有高温强度好、高耐磨性、高耐腐蚀性、低膨胀系数、隔热性好及低密度等特性,而且资源也比较丰富,有广泛的应用前景。针对陶瓷基复合材料成为争夺国际市场的制高点,分析了陶瓷基复合材料的研发受到重视,阐述了复合陶瓷材料的特点,介绍了陶瓷基复合材料的应用领域,同时指出了节能环保的车用陶瓷基结构复合材料大有作为。     

A critical review on sintering and mechanical processing of 3Y-TZP ceramics

Zirconia ceramics have been extensively applied in dental restoration due to their superior properties and excellent functionalities. Green-compact sintering and mechanical processing have become critical operations to shape these denture materials to target dimensions and desired quality. Improper sintering regulations and cutting-induced damages are crucial issues when dealing with the manufacturing of ceramic dentures as they adversely affect the performance and acceptance of eventually-machined denture products. In this paper, a critical review has been conducted to offer a scientific understanding of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) processing, focusing on illustrating the characteristics and properties of the materials as well as the influence of the sintering process on the microstructure and machinability of the workpiece. Recent advances addressing the processing issues of zirconia ceramics for dental applications are carefully reviewed by critically analyzing the scientific findings reported in the open literature. The fundamental influences of the working conditions on the machining quality of ceramic materials are discussed. The features of emerging non-traditional machining technologies are compared and analyzed. Dentures manufacturers will benefit from this review article as they seek to achieve high-quality processing for zirconia ceramics.     

低碳经济驱动新型陶瓷材料行业的未来

新型陶瓷材料具有高强、高硬、耐腐蚀、耐高温等特性。近些年来,在开发新能源和有效利用石油能源的呼声中,发达国家相继掀起了新型陶瓷材料研究开发的热潮。针对新型陶瓷材料的独特性能,综述了工程陶瓷材料用途广泛和特殊性能的功能陶瓷材料广阔应用前景;以及陶瓷基复合材料具有广泛的发展趋势;介绍了广泛应用于工程领域的陶瓷阀门材料和切削性能优良的新型陶瓷刀具;同时指出了陶瓷材料产业的应用开发趋势。     

低碳经济驱动新型陶瓷材料行业的未来

新型陶瓷材料具有高强度、高硬度、耐腐蚀、耐高温等特性。近些年来,在开发新能源和有效利用石油能源的呼声中,发达国家相继掀起了新型陶瓷材料研究开发的热潮。针对新型陶瓷材料的独特性能,综述了工程陶瓷材料用途广泛和功能陶瓷材料的应用前景,以及陶瓷基复合材料的发展趋势;介绍了广泛应用于工程领域的陶瓷阀门材料和切削性能优良的新型陶瓷刀具,同时指出了陶瓷材料产业的应用开发趋势。     

Advances in oxidation and ablation resistance of high and ultra-high temperature ceramics modified or coated carbon/carbon composites

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are considered as one of the most promising materials in structural applications owing to their excellent mechanical properties at high temperature. However, C/C composites are susceptible to high-temperature oxidation. Matrix modification and coating technology with ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have proved to be highly effective to improve the oxidation and ablation resistance of C/C composites. In this paper, recent advances in oxidation and ablation resistance of C/C composites were firstly reviewed, with attention to oxidation and ablation properties of C/C composites coated or modified with UHTCs. Then, several new methods in improving oxidation and ablation resistance were discussed, such as by using nanostructures to toughen UHTCs coatings or carbon matrix and the combination of matrix modification and coating technology. In addition, relevant ablation tests with scaled models were also briefly introduced. Finally, some open problems and future challenges were highlighted in the development and application of these materials.     

超高温陶瓷及其复合材料的稀土改性研究进展

超高温陶瓷及其复合材料因具有耐超高温、轻质和抗氧化烧蚀等优点,目前已成为航空航天领域热结构材料研究的热点和前沿。基于稀土化合物在热障涂层等领域的优异性能和成功应用,研究人员将稀土化合物引入超高温陶瓷及其复合材料中,改善氧化层的结构和性质,以期解决超高温陶瓷基复合材料氧化层增长速度偏快和宽温域高低温循环氧化层易剥落等问题。本文综述了稀土改性超高温陶瓷及其复合材料的研究现状,分析探讨了改性机理,并展望了未来的研究发展方向。     

Colloidal processing: enabling complex shaped ceramics with unique multiscale structures

Colloidal processing of fine ceramic powders enables the production of complex shaped ceramics with unique micro and macro structures which are not possible to produce via conventional dry processing routes. Because of this enhanced structural control and shaping capabilities, colloidal processing has been exploited to produce ceramic components with ever increasing complexity and functionalities. In this review, we revisit some of the research efforts on this topic to highlight its relevance and growing importance for the advanced manufacturing of functional ceramics. Selected examples of colloidal systems with increasing level of complexity are discussed to showcase the wide range of structures that can be generated through wet processing approaches. The historical development and background knowledge pertaining to colloids and surface interactions is first briefly reviewed. The major colloidal shape forming and additive manufacturing processes that utilize colloidal pastes and inks are then reviewed, highlighting the control of suspension rheology needed in these techniques. Next, methodologies that combine suspended particles with a pore‐forming phase are discussed as a means to produce porous ceramic materials. Further control over the interactions between anisotropic particles and their alignment in suspensions can be gained via externally applied fields (such as magnetic) to produce texturally aligned green bodies. This leads to bioinspired ceramics that can programmably morph into complex shaped objects upon sintering. Hierarchical porous structures with high mechanical efficiency are also shown as an example of the multiscale designs that can be generated through advanced colloidal processing. As drying of ceramic bodies is an inevitable consequence of wet colloidal processing, the current understanding of this critical processing step is reviewed. Finally, the gaps in knowledge in these fields are discussed to provide our perspective on where the field may support advances in ceramics in the future.