(Ti0.2V0.2Cr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)2AlC–(Ti0.2V0.2Cr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C high-entropy ceramics with low thermal conductivity

In recent years, the microstructure and physicochemical properties of high-entropy ceramics have received much interest by the combination of multiple principal elements. Herein, (Ti_0.2V_0.2Cr_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2)₂AlC–(Ti_0.2V_0.2Cr_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2)C high-entropy ceramics (M₂AlC-MC HECs) were prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique, attributing to the structural and chemical diversity of MAX phases. The microstructure of M₂AlC-MC HECs was characterized from micron to atomic scales, and the phase composition of M₂AlC-MC HECs was analyzed by a combination of Maud and Rietveld analysis. The results indicate the successful solid solution of Ti, V, Cr, Nb, and Ta atoms in the M-site of the 211-MAX configuration, and all the samples show a classic layered structure. The weight percentage of (Ti_0.2V_0.2Cr_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2)₂AlC in the M₂AlC-MC HECs was more than 90%. Furthermore, the thermoelectric properties of M₂AlC-MC HECs were investigated for the first time in this study, and the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of HECs are 3278 S cm⁻¹ and 2.78 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹at 298 K, respectively.     

球磨对Mg_(1.8)Al_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)合金性能影响的研究

分别采用固相扩散法和随后球磨两步法制备Mg1.8A l0.2N i0.8Mn0.2型贮氢合金,研究了球磨对合金相的形成和其电化学性能的影响。SEM测试显示,球磨过程有利于非晶相的形成。充放电测试表明,在100 mA/g放电电流条件下,经过球磨后的合金最高放电容量可达110 mAh/g左右,而单纯固相扩散法合成的合金放电容量约为80mAh/g。循环寿命测试,球磨的样品经过50次循环其容量衰减到40%,非球磨样品经25次的循环即衰减到同样程度。合金的电化学性能的改善与球磨中结构变化所产生的晶体缺陷有关。     

Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)-BaCe_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(2.9)复合电解质的晶界电导

分别采用机械混合法和一步溶胶-凝胶法制备摩尔比为1:1的Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)(SDC)-BaCe_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(2.9)(BCS)复合电解质,研究了不同制备方法对复合电解质SDC-BCS的显微结构以及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:相比于机械混合法,一步溶胶-凝胶法制得的复合电解质中的SDC和BCS两相的分布更加均匀;且与单相电解质SDC相比,复合电解质中SDC和BCS的相界能够为质子和氧离子提供传输通道,有利于晶界电导率的提高。另外,一步溶胶-凝胶法制备的复合电解质制作的单电池,具有较高的开路电压和最大功率密度,在700℃时分别达到0.914 V和0.281 W/cm~2。     

复合电解质BaCe_(0.8)Y_(0.2)O_(2.9)–Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9)的化学稳定性

采用溶胶―凝胶燃烧法制备BaCe_(0.8)Y_(0.2)O_(2.9)(BCY)和Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9)(GDC)粉末,并通过机械混合法制备不同摩尔比的BCY―GDC复合电解质粉末,在1 450℃烧结5 h获得BCY―GDC复合电解质。研究了复合电解质的化学稳定性及电化学性能稳定性。结果表明:BCY–GDC复合电解质在CO_2和沸水中的稳定性均高于单相BCY;当BCY―GDC复合电解质中的BCY摩尔分数小于70%时,试样在CO_2气氛和沸水中都具有良好的化学稳定性。基于BCY:GDC摩尔比为1:1的BCY―GDC复合电解质的单电池,在700℃工作20 h内的最大功率密度的稳定性高于基于BCY电解质的单电池。     

La_(0.2)Sr_(0.8)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-z)钙钛矿型混合导电体透氧性能

以稳态法（ＳｔｅａｄｙＳｔａｔｅＰｅｒｍｅａｔｉｏｎＭｅｔｈｏｄ）对Ｌａ０．２Ｓｒ０．８Ｃｏ０．８Ｆｅ０．２Ｏ３－ｚ（ＬＳＣＦ）混合导电体在８５０℃～７００℃间的透氧性能作了测试;同时,以暂态热重法（ＴｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔＴＧＡ）研究了ＬＳＣＦ在８１５℃Ｏ２→Ｎ２→Ｏ２交变气流中的脱氧、吸氧过程,并对其透氧性能作了估算。结果表明,ＬＳＣＦ是一种具有实际应用价值的致密透氧膜;在暂态热重测试条件下,ＬＳＣＦ的吸氧、脱氧过程是可逆的,且整个表面反应受氧脱附过程控制;由暂态热重数据估算出的材料透氧性能比稳态法的推算值低,其值分别为１．５６×１０－７ｍｏｌ／ｃｍ２·ｓ和６４０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／ｃｍ２·ｓ。     

La_(0.8–x)Ba_xSr_(0.2)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3–δ)阴极材料的结构与性能

采用溶胶–凝胶法制备了La0.8–xBaxSr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ(LBSCF)阴极粉体。对LBSCF的晶体结构、材料表面的化学状态、烧结体的断面微结构及电导率进行了表征。用交流阻抗谱法在550~700℃范围测试了LBSCF-30%SDC(Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9)复合阴极的电化学性能。结果表明:LBSCF粉体主晶相为六方晶系钙钛矿结构,存在少量的第二相。XPS结果显示,Ba2+掺杂不影响A位离子(La3+、Ba2+、Sr2+)的价态,但对B位离子的价态有不同的影响:x=0.10的样品中,钴离子以Co3+和Co4+混合价态存在,其余样品中以低氧化态(Co3+和Co2+混合价)或Co3+价存在;铁离子以高氧化态(Fe3+和Fe4+)存在。在500~700℃空气气氛中,LBSCF的电导率均超过700 S/cm,在同一温度下,电导率随着Ba2+掺杂量的增加而增大。x=0.20的样品在500℃时,电导率最大可达1.59×103 S/cm。随着Ba2+含量增加,极化电阻减小,x=0.20时,复合阴极LBSCF-30%SDC的极化电阻最小,700℃时的极化电阻为0.20?·cm2。     

湿法包覆LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2合成、结构与性能的研究

采用共沉淀-固相烧结-湿法包覆方法制得一系列622三元材料,通过SEM、XRD(原位和Retvield法精修)以及电化学测试,对纯相材料和不同热处理温度包覆修饰材料的形貌、结构、电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明经包覆处理后,与纯相材料相比较,包覆后的材料结构稳定、电化学性能优良。     

燃烧法合成LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2正极材料的石墨烯改性研究

本文以燃烧法制备LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2基体,通过机械球磨得到石墨烯修饰的正极材料。用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电池测试和电化学工作站表征了材料的晶体结构和电化学性能。结果表明,石墨烯的修饰显著提高了Li Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2的容量和循环稳定性:经200℃热处理、1%石墨烯修饰后的样品在3.0~4.3 V、0.1C倍率下首次放电比容量达到170.8 mA·h·g~(-1),比基体材料提高了12 mA·h·g~(-1);1C下循环100周后容量保持率分别为91.1%,比基体提高了6.9%。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2的LaF_3包覆改性研究

通过沉淀法对高镍LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2正极材料进行了LaF_3包覆,采用了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、恒流充放电测试和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)对材料的结构、形貌、成分和电化学性能进行了表征,系统的研究了LaF_3包覆对材料的性能影响。结果表明,LaF_3在Li Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2材料表明形成了均匀的包覆层,LaF_3包覆后未影响主体材料的晶体结构。LaF_3包覆后的材料倍率性能和循环性能均优于未包覆的原材料。在3.0~4.6 V电压范围和170 m A·g-1的电流密度下循环100周后,包覆量为1.0 wt%的材料容量保持率为84.6%,而未包覆的材料容量保持率仅为66.7%。包覆层的存在避免了电解液和主体材料的直接接触,减少了电解液的氧化和HF的腐蚀,稳定了材料的结构,极大的减小了电极极化程度,从而提高了材料的电化学性能。     

La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3–δ)–Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9)复合阴极的制备及性能表征

分别采用凝胶浇注法和甘氨酸–硝酸盐法制备La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ(LSCF)粉体与Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(SDC)粉体,随后制备出不同比例的LSCF–SDC复合阴极。用X射线衍射分析粉体的化学稳定性,用扫描电子显微镜观察复合阴极的微观结构,在500～800℃范围内测量其热膨胀系数和电导率。采用丝网印刷法将LSCF–SDC涂覆在SDC电解质片上,在1100℃烧结4h。用交流阻抗法在600～800℃范围内测量不同成分的LSCF–SDC复合阴极和SDC电解质的交流阻抗谱。结果表明:LSCF和SDC粉体具有良好的化学相容性,烧结体具有多孔结构,LSCF–SDC复合阴极与SDC电解质可形成良好的接触界面。SDC的加入在降低阴极材料的热膨胀系数的同时还保持了其本身较高的电导率,在中温范围内,电导率达到500S/cm以上。复合阴极的极化电阻随着SDC的含量增加而减小,当SDC含量为30%时,复合阴极的极化电阻最小,在700℃空气中测试得到的界面电阻为0.32Ω·cm2。     

高密度LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2的合成

以二次干燥化学共沉淀法制得高密度前驱体Ni0.8Co0.2(OH)2,再与LiNO3混合,经600℃恒温6 h,800℃恒温24 h两个恒温阶段烧结,得到高密度LiNi0.8Co0.2O2,探讨了锂源、镍源、Li/(Ni+Co)摩尔比、合成温度等因素对产品的影响,优化了LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的合成工艺。所得非球形LiNi0.8Co0.2O2粉末振实密度高达3.15 g/cm3,大幅度地提高正极材料的体积比能量。X射线衍射分析表明,合成的LiNi0.8Co0.2O2具有规整的层状NaFeO2结构,充放电测试表明,材料具有良好的电化学性能。     

Oxyacetylene ablation of (Hf0.2Ti0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)C at 1350 − 2050 °C

Ablation resistance of a multi-component carbide (Hf_0.2Ti_0.2Zr_0.2Ta_0.2Nb_0.2)C (HTZTNC) was investigated using an oxyacetylene flame apparatus. When the surface temperature of the HTZTNC was below 1800 °C, (Nb, Ta)₂O₅, (Hf, Zr)TiO₄, and (Hf, Zr)O₂ were found to be the main oxidation products, while at higher temperature, formation of (Hf, Zr, Ti, Ta, Nb)O_x was favored and its content gradually increased with the increase in ablation temperature. Based on the ablation results and thermodynamic simulation analysis, a possible ablation mechanism of HTZTNC was proposed. Active oxidation of TiC and outward diffusion of TiO were demonstrated to occur during the ablation process, which constitute the critical steps for the ablation of HTZTNC. These results can contribute to the design of ablation resistant ultra-high-temperature ceramics.     

高熵(Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O纳米粉体的简易制备及超电容性能(英文)

高熵氧化物是一种由高构型熵稳定的新型材料，有望具有独特的电化学性能。采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法制备了(Mg_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Cu_0.2Zn_0.2)O纳米粉体并研究了其超级电容性能。结果表明：单相(Mg_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Cu_0.2Zn_0.2)O纳米粉体的制备温度随着丙烯酰胺/金属阳离子摩尔比的增加而降低。当丙烯酰胺/金属阳离子摩尔比为120:1时，在900℃煅烧2 h所制备的岩盐相高熵纳米粉体呈现出球形形态，粒径为40～65 nm。该高熵纳米粉体在1 A/g的电流密度下具有402 F/g的比电容；当电流密度增大到20 A/g时，仍然能保持62%的初始比电容；在电流密度为5 A/g时，经过2 000次充放电循环后，电容保持率为61%，该研究表明高熵(Mg_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Cu_0.2...     

Porous (Ce0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Sn0.2Ca0.2)O2-δ high-entropy ceramics with both high strength and low thermal conductivity

Single-phase (Ce_0.2Zr_0.2Ti_0.2Sn_0.2Ca_0.2)O_2-δ porous high-entropy ceramics have been in-situ fabricated by foam-gelcasting-freeze drying method at different temperatures. The microstructure, phase composition, and properties of the obtained ceramics were investigated. The results indicate that compared with other porous ceramics reported in the literatures, this type of ceramics exhibits excellent performance. The sample prepared at 1350 °C shows high porosity (88.6 %), low thermal conductivity (0.023 W m^-1 K^-1), and high compressive strength (1.48 MPa). The current study suggests that porous (Ce_0.2Zr_0.2Ti_0.2Sn_0.2Ca_0.2)O_2-δ high entropy ceramics are promising candidates for thermal insulation applications.     

锌掺杂对LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2正极材料结构和电化学性能的影响

采用草酸盐共沉淀法制备出锌掺杂的锂离子电池正极材料,结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS能谱(EDS mapping)、恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗(EIS)测试,研究Zn2+掺杂对材料晶体结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响。实验结果表明,Zn2+掺杂可抑制高镍材料中的离子混排,形成多孔结构,缩短Li+的扩散路径,从而改善材料的倍率和循环性能。在2.7~4.3 V电压范围内,10 C倍率下Li(Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2))0.99Zn0.01O2表现出87.8 m Ah·g-1的放电比容量,比LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O2提高了37.0%,1 C倍率下循环100圈后,Li(Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2))0.99Zn0.01O2的容量保持率为84.7%,比未掺杂的材料提高了12%。EIS测试结果则进一步验证锌掺杂有效降低了材料的电荷传质阻抗。     

ZrO_2包覆富锂正极材料Li[Li_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Mn_(0.6)]O_2

采用共沉淀-高温固相法制备了富锂正极材料Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2,并使用Zr(OC3H7)4进行了Zr O2包覆改性。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电化学测试手段讨论了Zr O2包覆对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响。Zr O2能均匀覆盖在Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2颗粒表面,包覆后材料的电化学性能有一定的改善。包覆质量分数0.5%的Zr O2样品表现了提高的循环和倍率性能。首次放电容量(0.1 C,2.0~4.8 V)高达250.8 m Ah·g-1,循环45周(0.2C)容量保持为201.6 m Ah·g-1,2.0 C倍率放电容量可达123.2 m Ah·g-1。     

Co_3O_4浸渍La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_3-Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9)复合阴极的制备及电化学性能

分别以固相反应法和甘氨酸法合成La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_3(LSCF)阴极粉体和Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9)(SDC)电解质粉体。机械混合后,经压制烧结得到多孔LSCF-SDC复合阴极,通过水热法对多孔LSCF-SDC阴极浸渍Co_3O_4。研究Co_3O_4浸渍后的复合阴极的微观形貌和电化学性能。实验结果表明,对多孔LSCF-SDC阴极浸渍含Co盐溶液,经700℃焙烧后,在阴极表面形成针状Co_3O_4颗粒。浸渍处理使700℃下LSCF-SDC复合阴极的界面阻抗由0.49Ω·cm~2降低至0.19Ω·cm~2,阴极的氧还原反应活化能由1.52 eV降低至1.03 eV。此外,Co_3O_4浸渍阴极使700℃下单电池的功率密度由180 mW·cm~(-2)提高至260 mW·cm~(-2)。实验结果揭示,通过Co_3O_4浸渍,可有效提高LSCF-SDC复合阴极和燃料电池的电化学性能。     

高熵稳定双钙钛矿阴极材料SmBa(Mn0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2)2O5+δ的制备及性能优化

通过改进的自蔓延燃烧法合成制备高熵双钙钛矿SmBa(Mn0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2)2O5+δ(HE-SBC)阴极材料,并复合10％(摩尔分数)Gd2O3掺杂CeO2(GDC)以优化性能.结果表明:通过B位高熵的方法可以显著减小Co离子由价态变化而引起的热膨胀,从而降低SmBaCo2O5+δ的热膨胀...     

Ablation behavior of high-entropy carbides ceramics (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C upon exposition to an oxyacetylene torch at 2000 °C

The ablation performance of a high-entropy ceramic carbide, (Hf_0.2Zr_0.2Ta_0.2Nb_0.2Ti_0.2)C, was performed by oxyacetylene ablation flame, simulating the extreme service environment at 2000 ºC. Phase and microstructure characterization at multi-length scales was carried out. During ablation, a compositionally and microstructurally complex oxidation layer formed on the ablation surface, which consisted of a combination of (Zr_xHf_1?x)₆(Nb_yTa_1?y)₂O₁₇, Ti(Nb_xTa_1?x)₂O₇, and Ti_x(Zr_aHf_bNb_cTa_1?a-b-c)_1?xO₂. Based on the microstructure information, the ablation mechanisms were proposed considering the oxidation thermodynamics and kinetics. Comparable rates of O inward diffusion and Ti outward diffusion are suggested, and a particular innermost dense layer composed of isolated (Zr_xHf_1?x)₆(Nb_yTa_1?y)₂O₁₇ grains embedded in a continuous Ti(Nb_xTa_1?x)₂O₇ matrix is considered to be beneficial for a better ablation resistance.