海洋平台用S355G10+M厚钢板的焊接性研究

按照EN10225标准要求,对75 mm厚度规格海洋平台用S355G10+M钢板进行了堆焊硬度试验(BOP)、可控热拘束试验(CTS)以及热输入50 k J/cm埋弧焊对接接头系列力学性能试验,研究了钢板焊接热影响区(HAZ)的淬硬倾向、HAZ冷裂纹敏感性、焊接接头各部位抗拉强度、冲击韧性和裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)值的变化情况。结果显示S355G10+M厚钢板的HAZ最高硬度、焊接钢板冷裂纹、埋弧焊对接接头抗拉强度、低温冲击功均值、CTOD值等各项性能指标良好,满足海洋平台的焊接生产要求。     

Laser Welding of Ultra-Fine Grained Steel SS400

Steeliswidelyusedbecauseofitsgoodcompre hensive properties ,plentyofresourceandlowerprice .Thestrengthandtoughnessaretwoimpor tantpropertiesofsteels ,andpeoplemakeeffortstoincreasetheirvalues .Addingalloyingelementandcontrollingmicrostructurearetwobasicwaystoac complishtheaim .Therefinedmicrostructureob tainedbyprocessingtechniqueenablesthestrengthandtoughnessofsteeltobeincreasedwithoutaddingalloyingelementandtheratioofperformance costtobeincreased .Theultra finegrainedsteelshavefer ritegrains…     

超低碳贝氏体钢及其焊接特性

超低碳贝氏体（ULCB）钢采用极低的碳含量，充分利用Mn,Mo,Nb,Ni,Ti,B等元素的合金化作用，通过ULCB组织最高的强韧性及优良的低温韧性。由于ULCB钢碳含量极低，焊接性优良，焊接热影响区（HAZ）韧性明显,裂纹敏感性显著降低。ULCB钢焊接时，焊缝金属是焊接接头的薄弱环节，研制开发超低碳贝氏体焊接材料是实现ULCB钢焊接的关键环节。     

Influence of post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of laser weld seams on hot-rolled TRIP 800 steel

The transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels effect occurs because of the martensitic transformation of retained austenite during plastic deformation,and it provides the steel with excellent strength and ductility.While welding remains a vital part of auto body manufacturing,the weldability of TRIP steels is problematic,and this prevents its adoption for many applications in the automotive industry.This present work studies the effects of welding and post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure of TRIP steels.It is found that the microstructures of the fusion zone and the heat affected zone (HAZ) are changed after high-temperature heat treatment.Hardness tests revealed that fusion zone hardness decreased with increasing of temperatures in the post-weld heat treatment on the laser weld seam.The rolling performance of the welding seam and the seam of post-weld heat treatment were also studied.     

Field girth weldability evaluation of X70 UOE pipeline

Based on API STD 1104-2005 and CSA Z662-2007,field girth welding tests and girth weldability evaluations were executed for three types of wall thickness X70 UOE pipeline,in which the most popular main line girth welding method,single-wire automatic gas metal arc welding(GMAW),was used. The welding procedure specification was optimized to achieve a good quality and cold-crack-free girth weld joint without preheating or post-weld heat treatment. In addition,porosities,inclusions,and incomplete fusion defects were avoided. The tensile strength,bending,Vickers hardness,Charpy V-notch impact toughness,and crack tip opening displacement fracture toughness of the girth weld joint were evaluated,and the joint exhibited good mechanical performance. Thus,the field girth weldability of Baosteel's X70 UOE pipeline is excellent for automatic GMAW.     

Laboratory development of high performance steel plates with excellent HAZ toughness at large heat inputs

Presented in this study is the result of steel plates developed at laboratory by using the technique of chemistry design based on microstructure evolution.It has been shown that the produced 50mm thickness steel plates with yield and tensile strength being 420 MPa and 530 MPa respectively exhibit excellent large heat input weldability:the Charpy impact tests in the whole range of heat affected zone(HAZ) including the fusion line at the welded joint with large heat input of 100 -300 kJ/cm showed uniform impact toughness of above 140 J at -40℃.Welding simulations were also performed for heat inputs of 200-600 kJ/cm,which showed far better toughness at -20℃.Analysis on the results of the simulations and the practical welding tests were done and the microstructure evolution mechanisms were proposed.Finally suggestions were given to improve the simulation processes as well as chemistry modification.     

600 MPa级高能量输入焊接压力钢管用钢的研制

经过系列技术攻关,改进了武钢专用钢板冶炼及连铸过程中一些工艺,形成了一套自主操作技术模式,生产的微合金化低合金高强钢中杂质含量显著降低,钢板性能稳定性明显提高.利用武钢新改进的冶炼技术研制了一种600 MPa级低焊接裂纹敏感性高能量输入焊接水电站压力钢管用钢,研究了该钢的力学性能、微观组织结构以及焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)的组织特征及力学性能.结果表明,研制的新钢种集高强度、高韧性、优异的焊接性能于一体,且能承受大线能量焊接,焊前不预热,焊后不热处理.CGHAZ中弥散分布的复合氧化物夹杂促使针状铁素体的形成,提高了CGHAZ的力学性能.     

含硼低合金高强度钢焊接热影响区冲击韧度

利用Gleeble热模拟机对含硼低合金高强度钢板进行不同焊接工艺下的热模拟实验,研究了焊接热影响区(HAZ)的过热区显微组织、韧度及其变化规律.结果表明:钢板过热区冲击韧度随冷却时间t_8/3的增大而显著降低;当t_8/3小于67s时,过热区冲击韧度较高,相应过热区组织为板条马氏体或板条马氏体+贝氏体,晶粒较细小.800MPa级低碳贝氏体钢板焊接工艺实验结果表明,焊接热输入量为0.96~2.11kJ·mm^-1、焊道间温度为150~200℃和焊后热处理,焊接接头焊缝金属和焊接热影响区的冲击韧度保持较高水平,说明钢板对焊接工艺有较强的适应性.     

特厚EH47止裂钢板及焊接热影响区的组织性能

为开发大型集装箱船用特厚EH47止裂钢板,提出了一种低碳微合金MnCrNiCu钢,研究了其变形奥氏体连续冷却相变规律,使用控轧控冷工艺(TMCP)试制出最大厚度为85 mm特厚EH47级钢板,使用埋弧焊(SMA)和药芯焊丝气保焊(FCAW)技术对最厚钢板进行焊接试验,研究钢板和焊接接头的显微组织和性能.通过系列V缺口 ...     

Investigations on Dissimilar Weld of UNS S32205 DSS and ASTM A517 Steel

In the present research, microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel/A517 quench and tempered low alloy steel dissimilar joint were investigated. For this purpose, gas tungsten arc welding was used with ER2209 filler metal. Characterizations were conducted by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties were evaluated in micro-hardness, tensile and impact tests. Microstructure in the weld zone included an austenitic continuous network in the matrix of primary ferrite. No brittle phases were formed in the weld metal and stainless steel heat affected zone (HAZ). The weld metal/A517 interface showed higher hardness than other regions. Tensile tests indicated that the values of the yield and tensile strength were 663 and 796 MPa, respectively. Impact tests indicated that the weld zone had almost the same impact energy as base metals. The minimum impact energy of 12 J was related to A517 HAZ. The results of scanning electron microscopy for fracture surfaces indicated that weld zone, 2205 HAZ and A517 HAZ had ductile, ductile–brittle and brittle fracture mode, respectively.     

The Analysis of Low Temperature Toughness on X80 Pipeline Steel Welded Joint

Aiming at the security problems of pipeline steel application, the different positions of the welded joints of circumferentially welding pipeline of X80 steel were investigated by microstructure observation, the hardness, Charpy impact toughness and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) test at low temperature. The Vickers hardness test results show that there are local softened regions in heat-affected zone (HAZ). Charpy impact test indicate that the ductile–brittle transition temperature of weld is below ??60 °C, the ductile–brittle transition temperature of HAZ is around ??38 °C. CTOD test reveal that the fracture toughness of HAZ shows a large fluctuation since it is in the ductile–brittle transition temperature regime.     

Study of welding ultra‐fine grained ferrite steel by CO2 laser

Ultra‐fine grained ferrite steels have higher strength and better toughness than the normal ferrite steels because of their micrometer or sub‐micrometer sized grains. In this paper the ultra‐fine grained steel SS400 is welded by CO₂ laser. The shape of weld, cooling rate of HAZ, width of HAZ, microstructures and mechanical properties of the joint are discussed. Experimental results indicate that laser beam welding can produce weld with a large ratio of depth to width. The cooling rate of HAZ of laser beam welding is fast, the growth of prior austenite grains of HAZ is limited, and the width of weld and HAZ is narrow. The microstructures of weld metal and coarse‐grained HAZ of laser beam welding mainly consist of B_L + M (small amount). With proper laser power and welding speed, good comprehensive mechanical properties can be acquired. The toughness of weld metal and coarse‐grained HAZ are higher than that of base metal. There is no softened zone after laser beam welding. The tensile strength of a welded joint is higher than that of base metal. The welded joint has good bending ductility.     

Correlation of microstructure and fracture properties in weld heat- affected zones of thermomechanically controlled processed steels

This article presents a correlation study between the microstructural parameters and fracture properties in the weld heat-affected zones (HAZs) of high-strength low alloy (HSLA) steels,i.e., a normalized steel and four thermomechanically controlled processed (TMCP) steels. The influence of the local brittle zone (LBZ) on toughness was investigated by means of simulated HAZ tests as well as welded joint tests. The intercritically reheated coarse-grained HAZ ex-hibited the lowest impact energy over the testing temperature range, indicating that this region was the LBZ. By comparing the volume fraction of martensite islands with impact energy val-ues, this LBZ was attributed mainly to the significant increase in the amount of martensite. Niobium was also found to have a deleterious effect on the HAZ fracture toughness because of martensite hardening. This suggests that the formation of martensite islands must be controlled by proper design of chemical compositions to reduce the carbon equivalent and by using the proper welding conditions to limit cooling rates in order to optimize the fracture toughness of welded joints of TMCP steels.     

Weldability and toughness assessment of Ti-microalloyed offshore steel

The present study has been carried out to investigate the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) microstructure and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) toughness of grade StE 355 Ti-microalloyed offshore steels. Three parent plates (40-mm thick) were studied, two of which had Ti microalloying with either Nb + V or Nb also present. As a third steel, conventional StE 355 steel without Ti addition was welded for comparison purposes. Multipass tandem submerged arc weld (SAW) and manual metal arc weld (SMAW) welds were produced. Different heat-affected zone (HAZ) microstructures were simulated to ascertain the detrimental effect of welding on toughness. All HAZ microstructures were examined using optical and electron microscopy. It can be concluded that Ti addition with appropriate steel processing, which disperses fine TiN precipitates uniformly, with a fine balance of other microalloying elements and with a Ti/N weight ratio of about 2.2, is beneficial for HAZ properties of StE 355 grade steel.     

Microstructure,Composition, and Impact Toughness Across the Fusion Line of High-Strength Bainitic Steel Weldments

This paper analyzed the evolution of microstructure, composition, and impact toughness across the fusion line of high-strength bainitic steel weldments with different heat inputs. The main purpose was to develop a convenient method to evaluate the HAZ toughness quickly. The compositions of HAZ were insensitive to higher contents of alloy elements (e.g., Ni, Mo) in the weld metal because their diffusion distance is very short into the HAZ. The weld metal contained predominantly acicular ferrite at any a heat input, whereas the main microstructures in the HAZ changed from lath martensite/bainite to upper bainite with the increasing heat input. The evolution of HAZ toughness in relation to microstructural changes can be revealed clearly combined with the impact load curve and fracture morphology, although the results of impact tests do not show an obvious change with heat input because the position of Charpy V notch contains the weld metal, HAZ as well as a part of base metal. As a result, based on the bead-on-plate welding tests, the welding parameter affecting the HAZ toughness can be evaluated rapidly.     

富Nb复合碳氮化物对22Cr15Ni3.5CuNbN奥氏体钢焊接模拟热影响区组织和性能的影响

采用Gleeble热模拟的方法, 通过模拟焊接过程中快速加热和冷却的热循环过程, 得到1150~1300 ℃不同峰值温度下22Cr15Ni3.5CuNbN奥氏体钢扩大的热影响区组织, 并对其进行冲击性能分析. 对热影响区组织的研究表明, 实验钢的母材中存在一定量富Nb复合碳氮化物, 有效钉扎晶界, 且与大量位错缠结. 在焊接过程中, 该富Nb复合碳氮化物经历溶解与重新析出的复杂过程: 当峰值温度为1150 ℃时, 仅小颗粒的富Nb碳氮化物发生了溶解, 而峰值温度为1300 ℃时, 富Nb复合碳氮化物经历溶解与重新析出, 呈现网状的组织形貌, 且其整体尺寸增加. 富Nb复合碳氮化物的演化导致了冲击功的变化, 经历焊接热循环条件的实验钢较母材具有更高的冲击韧性, 随着峰值温度的升高, 冲击韧性呈现先升后降的趋势, 其中在峰值温度为1150 ℃时实验钢的冲击韧性最高.      

屈服强度460MPa级耐候钢及其焊接性能

通过连续冷却相转变行为的研究,利用试验轧机成功试制了24mm厚,屈服强度460MPa级耐候钢板,并分析了钢板微观组织、力学性能、腐蚀性能以及焊接性能。连续相转变行为和钢板试制结果表明:精轧温度不大于850℃,厚度压下率不小于0.6,冷速为4~15℃/s和终冷温度不大于465℃可得到以针状铁素体(3~10μm)和多边形铁素体(5~15μm)为主的钢板,其屈服强度不小于480MPa,抗拉强度不小于635MPa,伸长率不小于23%,-40℃冲击功不小于209J。对试制钢板进行了热输入量为72kJ/cm的双丝埋弧焊接试验,无焊前预热和焊后热处理,得到了无缺陷焊接接头,焊接热影响区-40℃冲击功不小于100J;粗晶区的高韧性与其晶内铁素体为主以及少量晶界铁素体和上贝氏体的微观组织有关。72h周浸试验结果表明:试制钢种的耐大气腐蚀能力比普碳钢Q345B提高了46%。     

Weldability of 1 000 MPa Grade Ultra-low Carbon Bainitic Steel

Maximum hardness test in weld heat-affected zone(HAZ),oblique Y-groove cracking test and mechanical property test of welding joint of 1 000 MPa grade ultra-low carbon bainitic steel were carried out,so as to research the weldability of the steel.The results show that the steel has lower cold cracking sensitivity,and preheating temperature of 100 ℃ can help completely eliminate cold cracks,generating good process weldability.The increase of preheating temperature can reduce the hardening degree of heat-affected zone.The strength of welding joint decreases and hardness reduces when heat inputs increase,and excellent mechanical properties can be obtained when low welding heat inputs are used.Fine lath bainites of different orientations combined with a few granular bainites that effectively split the original coarse austenite grains are the foundation of good properties.     

Investigation on Precipitation Transition in CGHAZ for TRIP Steels Containing Vanadium and Titanium

Two kinds of low-carbon low-silicon TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels containing vanadium are designed using ThermoCalc software in the light of both thermodynamics and kinetics.TRIP heat treatment process of different steels is determined according to the calculation results respectively.Weld HAZ (Heat-Affected Zone) simulation tests indicate the weldability of TRIP steels is crucially sensitive to CE (carban equivelent) of the steel.However the impact toughness of CGHAZ (Coarse Grain Heat-Affected Zone) does not decrease drastically for TRIP steels microalloyed with Ti+V.The steel containing both of vanadium and titanium shows smaller grain size compared with that containing vanadium solely.This is because the precipitation of Ti/V carbonitride slows down the grain boundary motion speed and then retards the grain size coalescence in CGHAZ.     

High Performance Structural Steels for Shipbuilding and Offshore Structures

Recently,there have been the increase of ship size and the development of oil and gas in arctic region.These trends have led to the requirements such as high strength,good toughness at low temperature and good weldability.The high performance structural steels for shipbuilding and arctic offshore structure have been developed by our own micro-alloying and TMCP technologies.M-A constituent was precisely controlled in the both HAZ and base metal to get high toughness at low temperature.Also,the grain growth of austenite at HAZ was effectively suppressed by thermally stable TiN particles,leading to a good HAZ toughness.On the other hand,there has been the key issue of crack arrestability in large size container ship.The effect of joint design on crack arrestability was investigated to prevent a catastrophic failure along the block joint of hatch side coaming.A brittle crack arrest technique was developed without block joint shift,using an arrest weld in the end of hatch side coaming weld line.