小檗碱生产技术分析

小檗碱作为临床上常用的药材成分应用广泛,为提高小檗碱的提取得率,近年来对小檗碱提取的工艺研究很多。该文主综述了近些年来对小檗碱提取工艺的研究进展。     

辣椒碱的提取

本文阐述了从辣椒中果实中提取辣椒碱的适宜工艺条件、方法及对提高产品纯度的处理方法进行了比较，为辣椒碱的提取方案提供参考。     

QC178/920-70-4.52/470型余热锅炉碱煮工艺及设计

结合现场实际条件,设计出了QC178/920-70-4.52/470型余热锅炉在无烟气供热条件下的锅炉碱煮工艺和碱煮系统。碱煮后验收检查结果表明,金属表面油脂类的污垢和保护涂层都已去除,且形成完整的钝化保护膜,本次设计取得了良好的效果,碱煮合格。     

含碱含铝废水及废液的回收利用技术

铝合金挤压模具碱洗过程中将产生工艺废水和含碱、含铝废液。本文结合工程实例，主要介绍该技术方法的工艺机理、工艺过程，并指出了具体设计中应着重关注和控制的问题。     

碱-集料反应机理及检测方法优化

本文就混凝土中碱的来源、碱存在的形式及性质、碱-集料反应的机理和危害性、不同碱活性检测方法比较等方面作了概述,提出利用适宜的实验方法检测集料的活性,为混凝土施工前合理选材提供依据,使碱含量超标的混凝土用材得到有效控制,是预防碱-集料反应发生,保证混凝土工程强度、耐久性等质量指标达到设计要求的最安全最可靠途径。     

碱洗刷洗系统在连退生产线中的应用

简述了连退热碱浸洗系统和碱刷洗系统的功能和各个设备的运行状况，并提出了各设备的具体检修流程和技术求，提高了连退清洗段循环系统的稳定性，又节省了生产成本和维护成本，保证生产的正常进行。     

红土镍矿高浓度碱浸提硅的研究

通过正交试验,研究了红土镍矿高浓度碱浸脱硅过程中浸出温度、碱初始浓度、浸出时间、碱矿质量比对SiO2提取率的影响.结果表明,影响SiO2提取率的主次顺序为浸出温度＞碱初始浓度＞浸出时间＞碱矿质量比;并得到优化的浸出条件为:浸出温度220℃,碱初始浓度85%,浸出时间90min,碱矿质量比5∶1.在溶出过程探讨了加水量、时间和洗涤次数对SiO2提取率的影响,并确定了一次溶出两次洗涤的工艺.     

碱处理提取竹黄纤维的响应曲面优化

采用响应曲面设计（Box-Behnken设计）优化竹纤维的提取工艺。以碱和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（JFC）渗透剂对竹片进行沸煮,并结合机械碾压提取竹黄纤维,以碱浓度为0.5%~0.7%、JFC浓度为0.1%~0.3%、沸煮时间为1.5~2.5 h为考察因素,采用响应曲面法,以竹纤维断裂强度、提取率、直径和摩擦系数为响应值,建立数学模型,获得综合性能最佳工艺。并采用扫描电镜观察不同工艺处理的竹纤维的纵向结构。结果表明：最优提取工艺为碱浓度为0.7%、JFC浓度为0.3%、沸煮时间为2.5 h,此时纤维的综合性能最佳,拉伸断裂强度为386.25 MPa,直径为191.79 μm,摩擦系数为0.206,与响应曲面预测值（断裂强度为405.08 MPa,直径为175.59 μm,摩擦系数为0.191）接近。响应曲面法优化得到的竹纤维性能较好,并能很好地预测试验结果,断裂强度与预测值偏差4.6%,摩擦系数与预测值偏差7.8%,直径与预测值偏差9.2%。SEM表明：碱处理、JFC处理和沸煮时间对纤维表面的胶质有影响,碱浓度为0.5%、JFC浓度为0.3%、沸煮时间为2.5 h时有利于竹纤维表面胶质的去除。     

黄连中提取盐酸小檗碱的技术分析

目的考察乙醇回流提取法提取黄连中盐酸小檗碱时主要影响因素。方法通过正交实验法确立试验体系,采用荧光分析法测定盐酸小檗碱含量。结果选择不同的提取条件盐酸小檗碱提取率有显著差异。结论最优提取工艺是：50％乙醇溶液、8倍体积、85℃回流提取2次,每次2h。     

膜电解法回收钨酸钠溶液中游离碱工业试验研究

利用工业实际料液对阳离子交换膜电解法脱除钨酸钠溶液中的游离碱的工艺进行了工业扩大试验,验证了小型试验中所得到的一般规律,并对膜电解运行方式进行了探讨,实验结果表明,阳离子交换膜电解脱碱工艺在经济上是可行的,在工艺是是稳定可靠的,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

基于构造模型的植物形态建模

在对植物学家提出的23种植物构造模型及相关植物学研究的基础上,利用构造模型可以准确表达各种植物结构的特点,提出一种植物形态建模方法。该方法首先通过“构造”建立植物的拓扑结构和几何结构,再通过“渲染”处理和美化植物的三维结构。结合这种方法,在VisualC 环境下开发了相应的植物建模软件。文中给出的具体例子说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

氧化铝厂热电站节能措施

从设计、运行及管理的角度,分别列举了氧化铝厂自备热电站的几项节能措施及管理制度,目的在于把握好设计、运行及管理各节能环节,以实现中小型热电站节约能源,降低电站运营成本,提高热电站效率及经济效益.     

Fushun Steel Plant

Fushun Steel Plant is situated at thewestern part of Fushun city, Liaoning Pro-vince, 45 km from Shenyang. It is one ofthe major special steel plants in China.Established in 1937, Fushun Steel Planthas had a history of more than half century.Before 1948 it was a small-scale plant.From 1937 to 1948 the total steel productionwas only 58000 t. After foundation of PRCthere have been two stages of reconstruction;after the 1st stage (1958 to 1962) the plantbecame the first production base of su-peralloy and stainless steel in China: from1978 to 1983 (second stage) five sets oflarge advanced melting and hot workingequipment and ten sets of measurement     

高温气冷堆海水淡化方案的热经济性分析

对利用２００ＭＷ高温气冷堆进行海水淡化的几种方案作了初步的技术可行性分析,并基于比等量功耗和联产效率对各种方案作了比较,提出了适合于２００ＭＷ高温气冷堆的一种水、电联产方案。     

Plant structured textile fabrics

The unique internal structure and network of plants are responsible for their superb water transpiration ability. Here we show that the emulation of the plant structure in textile fabrics can bring about a new type of material, which has very fast initial water absorption and water transmission rate through it (The water transmission rate can be 2-3 times of the evaporation rate from the free water surface). The material is therefore ideal for application as clothing fabrics, since it can efficiently facilitate the transport of sweat from the skin so as to keep the wearer dry and comfortable. It would also be an excellent covering material for applications such as carpets, manmade grass, and geotextiles, because of its advantage in keeping the under-covered area dry. This work provides a unique example of how the superb transport mechanisms of the plant structure can be applied in engineering materials.     

The Volvo Uddevalla Plant

Volvos plants at Kalmar and, more recently at Uddevalla, have become noted throughout the world for their sociotechnical design and high levels of performance, breaking with mass production norms. Hence the statement from Volvo that both plants are to be closed, in order to meet the competitive threat from Japan, has come as a shock and a disappointment to those who saw them as embodying a viable alternative to lean production. This paper makes the case that Uddevalla had a productive and commercial potential unmatched elsewhere in the Volvo group, and that the decision to close the plant must have been taken on other grounds.     

选好角度拍微距

读者梁晓楠在拍摄植物中遇到相机抖动、打光不均匀等问题,想知道通过什么器材能改进这些问题,我们的编辑帮她选择了一些实用的摄影附件。     

植物中蔗糖酶的研究进展

在大多数高等植物中,蔗糖是碳水同化产物由源向库运输的主要形式。在库中,蔗糖酶可以把蔗糖水解为葡萄糖和果糖,以满足植物生长发育中对碳源和能源的需求。本文综述了近年来有关蔗糖酶的一些研究进展,包括蔗糖酶的分类、基本性质、基因结构、酶活性的调节以及功能等。     

Photopyroelectric Microscopy of Plant Leaves

The use of photothermal microscopy to obtain superficial and in-depth images, by means of the interaction of a thermal wave with the analyzed material, has reached great interest due to its numerous applications. The application of the photopyroelectric microscopy technique to obtain images of plant leaves is presented in this article. In the experimental setup, a pyroelectric sensor and linear micro-positioners were used to obtain the photothermal signal at each point of the sample. Then it is possible to obtain images of plant leaves through their differences in local thermal properties and thickness.