生物与化学表面活性剂复配体系的研究

通过生物表面活性剂(DSB)与化学表面活性剂重烷基苯磺酸盐ZW1、重烷基苯磺酸盐ZW2及α 烯烃磺酸盐(XT)的复配,对复配前后的三元复合驱油体系界面张力进行了研究。结果表明,生物表面活性剂DSB与重烷基苯磺酸盐ZW1和α 烯烃磺酸盐XT复配后可以显著降低三元体系的界面张力,与ZW2复配也可达到降低成本的目的。     

碱对重烷基苯磺酸盐和无酸油相间界面张力的影响

以不含酸性物质的脱酸直馏柴油作为油相,研究了NaOH对重烷基苯磺酸盐/油体系界面张力的影响.结果表明,NaOH与原油中的石油酸反应生成自表面活性剂并不是油/水界面张力降低的主控因素.NaOH可以改变重烷基苯磺酸盐体系的最小烷烃碳数,从而影响界面张力,使界面张力达到超值.     

超低界面张力重烷基苯磺酸盐复配驱油剂研究

研究了不同浓度的重烷基苯磺酸盐对长庆油田S区块的原油界面张力的影响,将重烷基苯磺酸盐与阴离子和甜菜碱表面活性剂复配,使油/水界面张力降至超低(10^(-3) mN/m数量级),并研究复配体系的乳化、自发乳化、耐温耐盐以及稳定性。结果表明,重烷基苯磺酸盐的复配体系具有优秀的降低界面张力的能力,尤其是与石油磺酸盐和椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱(CHSB),能够大幅提升界面张力性能,同时两种复配体系具有优异的耐温耐盐稳定性。     

Gemini表面活性剂降低油水界面张力性能的研究

本研究以重烷基苯和十二烷基苯为原料合成磺酸盐型阴离子Gemini表面活性剂,并用其盐水溶液对原油进行界面张力测试,研究了不同条件下台成出的Gemini表面活性剂及其浓度对原油界面张力的影响。测试结果发现以十二烷基苯及十二烷基苯和重烷基苯复配合成的Gemini表面活性剂对孤岛13XN712油样的界面张力可降低至10^-4mNm^-1。同时发现磺化试剂用量增加会使界面张力上升,表面活性剂加入量也不宜少于0．3％。     

复配表面活性剂对复合驱油体系性能影响研究

通过对α-烯烃磺酸盐、重烷基苯磺酸盐、石油磺酸盐和复配型等4种表面活性剂配制复合驱油体系的界面张力和黏度性质进行评价,重点对复配型表面活性剂配制复合驱油体系的界面张力和驱油效果进行了系统评价。结果表明,当碱的质量分数为0.3%~0.9%、表面活性剂的质量分数为0.1%~0.3%时,复配型表面活性剂配制复合驱油体系的界面张力可以达到10-3mN/m数量级,且具有达到超低界面张力所需质量分数低和范围宽等特点。物理模拟实验表明,复配型表面活性剂配制三元复合体系的增油效果较单一类型表面活性剂配制三元复合体系的好,采收率增加1.46%(体积分数)。在此基础上,对复配表面活性剂超低界面张力的作用机理进行了理论分析。     

改性重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成及性能

对重烷基苯进行了酰基化改性,然后以氯磺酸为磺化剂进行磺化,合成一种改性重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂。对所合成的改性重烷基苯磺酸盐进行了性能评价,结果表明,其临界胶束浓度约3.0×10-5 mol·L-1(约为20mg·L-1);当Na2CO3浓度为1.2%时,表面活性剂浓度在0.005%~0.05%范围均可获得10-3m N·m-1的超低界面张力。表面活性剂浓度为0.01%时,Na2CO3浓度在0.8%以上时体系油水界面张可以达到超低。与重烷基苯磺酸盐相比,所合成的表面活性剂活性高,使用浓度低。     

改变碱型对复配表面活性剂三元体系界面张力的影响

在复配表面活性剂(重烷基苯磺酸盐与石油磺酸盐比例为1:3)条件下,用强碱、弱碱、盐、以及三者之间复配后配制三元体系进行界面活性研究,通过对复配表面活性剂的弱碱三元体系在低碱低表面活性剂浓度下的界面张力扫描,绘制界面活性图,研究复配条件下强碱、弱碱、盐对三元复合体系界面张力的影响。     

重烷基苯磺酸盐弱碱化复配研究

以强碱重烷基苯磺酸盐为基础原料,加入混合剂A进行复配得到弱碱表面活性剂,研究了弱碱化下界面张力的情况,室内评价结果表明,这种表面活性剂具有良好的界面活性,配制的复合体系在较宽的表面活性剂浓度和碱浓度范围可与原油形成10^-3mN／m数量级的超低界面张力。     

复配表面活性剂对三元复合体系界面张力的影响

本文通过对重烷基苯磺酸盐与石油磺酸盐表面活性剂复配进行筛选,优选出三元复配体系油水界面张力最好时的表面活性剂复配比例为重烷基苯磺酸盐:石油磺酸盐为1:3。同时,对该复配比例下的强碱三元复合体系进行界面活性图扫描,结果表明:复配三元体系在低碱区的界面活性较好,体系界面张力稳定。     

非离子氟碳表面活性剂与重烷基苯磺酸钠复配驱油剂的研究

研究了氟碳intechem-01表面活性剂(FC-01)/重烷基苯磺酸钠(HABS)复配驱油体系的性能,以金属筛网洗油率和静态驱油率、界面张力、与注入水和模拟地层水的配伍性为考察指标。结果表明,复配体系的最佳配比为氟碳intechem-01表面活性剂浓度为0.08%,重烷基苯磺酸钠质量浓度为0.10%,碳酸钠质量浓度为0.20%,碳酸氢钠质量浓度为0.20%。复配体系与定边油田的原油形成较低界面张力,驱油率显著提高,且与定边油田采油注入水和模拟地层水有良好的配伍性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。