Distribution of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of stomachless and stomach-containing teleosts

The occurrence and localization of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of Carassius auratus and Dicentrarchus labrax, two fish species that exhibit different feeding behavior, different habitats, and different anatomical organizations of the gastroenteric tract, were examined by immunohistochemical methods and western blotting analysis. All of the gastrointestinal segments studied displayed immunohistochemical localizations of ghrelin peptide. Numerous single or clustered immunoreactive cells were found along the gastric folds, particularly in the pyloric region of Dicentrarcus labrax, whereas scattered ghrelin immunoreactive cells were observed in the intestinal epithelium of both fish species. Double immunolabeling PGP 9.5/ghrelin demonstrated the localization of ghrelin peptide also in nerve fibers and neuronal cells of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses, often in association with vascular structures. Western blotting analysis confirmed the presence of ghrelin peptide in the gatrointestinal tract of both species studied, whose molecular weight was similar to that of the corresponding mammalian prepro-ghrelin. The findings could support the hypothesis that this peptide is an important appetite regulator in fish and could confirm the presence of the ghrelin peptide, starting from its precursor proteins, in the gastrointestinal tract of the goldfish and the sea bass. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Ingestible wireless capsules for enhanced diagnostic inspection of gastrointestinal tract

Wireless capsule endoscopy has become a common procedure for diagnostic inspection of gastrointestinal tract. This method offers a less-invasive alternative to traditional endoscopy by eliminating uncomfortable procedures of the traditional endoscopy. Moreover, it provides the opportunity for exploring inaccessible areas of the small intestine. Current capsule endoscopes, however, move by peristalsis and are not capable of detailed and on-demand inspection of desired locations. Here, we propose and develop two wireless endoscopes with maneuverable vision systems to enhance diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. The vision systems in these capsules are equipped with mechanical actuators to adjust the position of the camera. This may help to cover larger areas of the digestive tract and investigate desired locations. The preliminary experimental results showed that the developed platform could successfully communicate with the external control unit via human body and adjust the position of camera to limited degrees.     

胃肠道术后肠瘘的治疗及预后分析

目的:分析胃肠道术后肠瘘不同治疗方式的预后,总结治疗体会。方法:整理2013年10月至2017年2月74例胃肠道术后肠瘘患者临床资料,对其肠瘘位置、肠瘘类型、治疗方法及预后情况进行回顾性分析,总结胃肠道术后肠瘘治疗方式及治疗时机的选择策略。结果:患者肠瘘位置以低位瘘为主,占52.70%,其肠瘘形状、肠瘘数量、肠瘘流量分别以管状瘘、单发瘘、高流量瘘为主;患者肠瘘均于胃肠道术后2~14 d内发生,平均发生时间为(7.84±2.21)d,其中56例(75.68%)患者肠瘘发生于术后7~9 d。早期手术组住院时间最短,其次为晚期手术组,保守治疗组住院时间最长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),各组患者肠瘘复发率、治愈率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:确定性手术治疗胃肠道术后肠瘘的安全性良好,且可明显缩短住院时间,应全面评估患者手术指证,适时开展确定性手术。     

Alterations to the mechanical response of the gastrointestinal tract induced by functional gastrointestinal disorders and the feasibility of developing an ultrasonic diagnostic system

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) affect millions of people of all ages, regardless of race or gender, but little information related to FGIDs is available and no diagnostic methods exist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the alterations to gastrointestinal tracts induced by FGIDs, and to identify the feasibility of developing an ultrasonic diagnostic system to detect these alterations. Palpation/percussion examinations and in vitro microindentation tests were performed on 40 participants with or without FGIDs and 20 Sprague-Dawley rats with or without simulated FGIDs to identify any alterations to the mechanical response of the gastrointestinal tract. A finite difference analysis was performed for three simple models with or without assumed FGIDs to identify the feasibility of developing an ultrasonic diagnostic system. The results obtained from the palpation/percussion examinations and in vitro micro-indentation tests showed that a gastrointestinal tract with an FGID became more rigid than a healthy tract (p < 0.05). The results obtained from the finite difference analysis showed that an ultrasonic diagnostic system for FGIDs effectively detects alterations to the rigidity of the gastrointestinal tract, indicating that the development of an ultrasonic diagnostic system is reasonable and will aid in the diagnosis and treatment of FGIDs.     

一种用于消化道内微型装置磁定位的非线性方法

基于永磁体空间磁场检测的定位方法是用于消化道微型诊疗系统动态定位与跟踪的重要方法之一.本文介绍了一种用于磁定位的非线性方法,该方法基于磁偶极子的磁场分布模型和非线性最优化算法.实验结果表明该方法能够实现对φ8mm×h8mm圆柱N35钕铁硼永磁体空间位置、方向以及磁矩大小的确定,平均定位误差小于10mm,平均定向误差小于6°,磁矩计算误差小于10.5%,定位算法的运算时间小于600ms,说明该方法能够满足消化道内微型装置实时定位与跟踪的需要.     

Specimen handling and data interpretation in x-ray microanalysis of frozen hydrated etched gastrointestinal tract

Low temperature scanning electron microscopy of mammalian tissue allows microanalysis data and morphological results to be considered together, without the risk of elemental diffusion introduced by liquid fixatives and processing agents. The technique, however, is time consuming and there are many areas where errors are possible and standardization of technique is advisable. The present paper describes some of the problems inherent in handling frozen tissue and comparison is made between microanalytical measurements from luminal contents and those from villous epithelium.     

上消化道内镜黏膜下剥离术后食管狭窄的原因及防治

目的:分析上消化道内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)术后食管狭窄的原因,探讨防治对策。方法:整理行ESD术治疗,术后随访时间≥6个月的283例早期食管癌患者临床资料,按照其随访期间食管狭窄发生情况分为发生组、未发生组,计算术后食管狭窄发生率,总结影响患者ESD术后食管狭窄的影响因素,并使用Spearman等级相关分析,计算影响因素与食管狭窄程度的相关性。结果:283例患者中,共有33例术后发生食管狭窄,发生率为11.66%。Logistic多因素回归分析得出浸润深度m3为影响上消化道ESD术后食管狭窄的独立危险因素,病变环周范围<1/2为保护因素(P<0.05)。Spearman等级相关分析显示病变环周范围、病变浸润深度与食管狭窄程度均具有关联性(P<0.05)。结论:上消化道ESD术后食管狭窄与病变环周范围、浸润深度有关,早期识别高危因素并实施预防性球囊扩张有望降低术后食管狭窄风险。     

The influence of probiotics of different microbiological composition on histology of the gastrointestinal tract of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss

This article presents results of the influence of three probiotic feed additive of various microbiological composition: Bacillus subtilis (VKPM B-2335); B. subtilis (OZ-2 VKPM-11966) + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (OZ-3 VKPM-11967); Lactobacillus acidophilus (VKPM B-3235) on the growth and histology of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss by morphometric parameters. These probiotic bacteria are the most commonly used in aquaculture. The effect of the probiotic feed additive led to the increase in fish growth and influenced different sections of the gastrointestinal tract. The biggest change was found in the mid intestine and the reliable difference compared with the control diet was obtained at the following parameters: lamina propria width, intraepithelial lymphocytes number of prismatic epithelium and goblet cells area. The changes in the pyloric appendages were less obvious but reported as playing an important functional role in digestion. The liver preserved normal functional structure in all series of the experiment except for the group with L. acidophilus, where hepatocyte small-drop vacuolization was observed. That might be connected with the change of the digest activity resulting from a decrease in secretory activity of the intestinal exocrinocytes. The use of all probiotic feed additives led to a similar change in morphometric parameters in all groups, which suggests a decrease in the immune response.     

Pododermal angiogenesis and angioadaptation in the bovine claw

Pododermal microvascularization has been suggested to play a key role in the physiological function of the bovine claw and in the pathogenesis of claw diseases. According to our working hypothesis, angiogenesis plays a central role in the physiological and pathological function of the claw and is induced by the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). As a basis for further research, the aim of the present study was to examine the mechanisms of pododermal angiogenesis in the functional adaptation of the microvasculature of the claw in histological serial sections and microcorrosion casts of healthy juvenile and adult claws as well as pathologically altered claws. Scanning electron microscopy of microcorrosion casts allowed assessment of the 3D aspect of pododermal angiogenesis and angioadaptation, and was substantiated by a concomitant examination of a 3D in vitro model of angiogenesis based on cultured bovine microvascular endothelial cells. Particularly in the juvenile, but also in the adult claw, sprouting and intussusceptive angioadaptation was demonstrated and resembled the respective stages of in vitro angiogenesis. Evidence of angiogenic processes was also detected in the pathologically altered claws displaying symptoms of subclinical laminitis and/or the digital dermatitis complex. The detected angioadaptation was visible expression of the increased metabolic demands of the claw caused by the growing body weight load. Angiogenic remodeling of the pododermal angioarchitecture was also the connectional reparative principle in pathologically altered claws. Related research perspectives for prophylaxis and therapy of claw diseases are discussed.     

Physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the endocrine system

Formation of new blood vessels occurs in many physiological states (during development of the embryo, cycling changes of the female reproductive tract), as well as in pathological processes (such as diabetic retinopathy and wound healing). Angiogenesis has been shown to be related to tumor formation, prognosis, and response to treatment in many tumor types. Intratumoral microvessels can be related to tumor behavior or hormone secretion in different endocrine tumors. For example, invasive prolactinomas are more vascular than noninvasive adenomas; a surgical approach is more successful in macroprolactinomas with lower microvessel density. A higher number of microvessels have been found in papillary thyroid carcinomas during recurrences. A correlation between microvessel count and prognosis in papillary and medullary thyroid carcinomas has been suggested. Several stimulating and inhibiting factors involved in the regulation of angiogenesis have been identified. Among them, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to be critically involved in angiogenesis and also in the neovascularization of solid tumors. Dopamine agonists (already in clinical use for prolactinomas) have potent inhibitory actions on VEGF signaling, and thus may be a new tool in antiangiogenic therapy. Secretion of VEGF in the great majority of human pituitary adenomas is inhibited by dexamethasone. This suggests that glucocorticoids can be considered in the treatment of certain pituitary tumors. The cyclic nature of angiogenesis in the female reproductive tract indicates that stimulation or inhibition of paracrine angiogenic factors may lead to new approaches for being able to influence reproductive endocrine disorders. Experimental and clinical aspects of interactions between angiogenic factors and tumor growth of the endocrine system are also discussed.     

空间细胞生物学研究进展

空间生物学逐渐成为生物学、航天医学等领域的研究热点问题之一。本文主要围绕微重力对细胞的影响进行综述。文中首先介绍了空间细胞培养的实验方式,指出多种空间因素对细胞生长会产生影响,着重论述了微重力对细胞生长的作用特点。根据动物细胞在空间搭载和地基模拟条件下细胞形态和生理指标的变化进行分类,对已取得的有代表性的实验结果进行归纳、总结,为建立数学模型和仿真分析等实验提供一定的指导义。     

以实验室评估为契机-全面开展实验室建设

以实验室评估为契机,遵循"安全性、开放性、先进性"的建设原则,徐州师范大学生命科学学院开展了生物类专业实验室建设,力求建立高效的实验室运行模式。     

以实验室评估为契机-全面开展实验室建设

以实验室评估为契机,遵循“安全性、开放性、先进性”的建设原则,徐州师范大学生命科学学院开展了生物类专业实验室建设,力求建立高效的实验室运行模式。     

计算机科学在分子生物学中的应用

计算机科学的发展给分子生物学的研究提供了很大便利。本文介绍了计算机在生物学实验的各个阶段中的应用。     

生化仪中高速数据采集系统设计及应用

提出生化仪中数据采集系统的设计方法,阐明了数据采集系统的基本原理,详细介绍了A/D转换模块的软硬件结构与原理.现场实验证明整个系统工作正常,测量结果满足精度要求,是一种数据采集与处理的有效方法.     

浅析生物基因原理中所蕴含的产品创新技法

产品创新与很多生物基因原理相似.如果把市场比作大自然,产品比作有生命的物种,那么那些在市场上畅销的产品正是经过激烈的竞争存活下来的优良物种,它们都由优良的产品信息基因所控制的.本文主要浅析从生物基因原理中所折射出来的一些产品创新技法,从而设计出适合市场竞争的优质产品.     

Biology of transforming growth factor beta in hepatocarcinogenesis

TGF-beta is an important factor in the regulation of liver growth. It is an inhibitor of hepatocyte DNA synthesis and may induce active cell death, e.g., to remove excessive tissue mass. Studies using transgenic mice suggest that expression in the resting liver has to be well balanced; either under- or overexpression appear to cause an increased turnover of hepatocytes and to predispose to hepatocarcinogenesis. TGF-beta overexpression is frequently observed in human hepatocellular carcinomas, probably as a late event in tumor development. In men and mice, TGF-beta overexpression appears to be associated with loss of TGF-beta responsiveness often by disruption of TGF-beta signaling. However, mechanisms as mutations in TGF-beta receptor II or Smad2 and 4 genes, frequently observed in other human cancers, have only rarely been observed in hepatocellular carcinomas. Further studies may clarify the mechanisms by which hepatocellular tumors escape TGF-beta growth control, as well as analyze possible roles of TGF-beta overexpression in immunosuppression and angiogenesis.     

无线收发器在生物发酵过程中的应用

介绍以PIC16F873和CC1000为核心器件的无线收发器结构体系,并以在生物发酵过程参数传输中的应用,设计了系统的结构体系。