月饼干热杀菌防霉研究

研究了保鲜剂、干热杀菌和贮藏条件对月饼防霉保质的影响。单个包装的月饼经80℃、30min干热杀菌可保鲜30天 ,干热杀菌结合添加少量防腐剂可保鲜60天以上。光线不仅促进月饼发霉 ,还使其颜色变浅、泛黄     

月饼干热杀菌防霉研究

研究了保鲜剂、干热杀菌和贮藏条件对月饼防霉保质的影响。单个包装的月饼经80℃、30min干热杀菌可保鲜30d，干热杀菌结合添加少量防腐剂可保鲜60d以上。光线不仅促进月饼发霉，还使其颜色变浅、泛黄。     

蕨菜护绿保鲜技术应用研究

本实验采用不同的护绿剂及不同的保鲜液，分杀菌和不杀菌两种操作，对蕨菜保鲜效果进行比较分析。结果表明，将蕨菜在95℃的0．5g／kg果蔬护绿剂溶液中漂烫3min后，用保鲜液浸泡2hr，保鲜液采用0．08％保鲜剂A与0．05％保鲜剂B，用柠檬酸和抗坏血酸调pH值为3．8，80℃巴氏杀菌10min，护绿保鲜效果最好。     

气体二氧化氯在果蔬杀菌保鲜方面的研究与应用

二氧化氯是一种国际上公认的性能优良、安全无公害的杀菌消毒剂和食品保鲜剂。国内关于二氧化氯在果蔬保鲜领域的研究多局限于液体二氧化氯,气体二氧化氯在果蔬保鲜方面的研究相对较少。气体二氧化氯较液体二氧化氯有许多优势,在果蔬杀菌保鲜方面有更加广阔的应用前景。本文综述了二氧化氯的杀菌保鲜机理及气体二氧化氯的特性与优点,总结了近年来国内外关于气体二氧化氯在果蔬杀菌保鲜方面的研究,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

烧鸡的防腐与保鲜

实验以烧鸡鸡肉为原材料,对烧鸡的防腐保鲜进行初步研究。根据培养条件培养鸡肉细菌来做抑菌试验,通过对不同防腐保鲜液的抑菌实验,筛选出最佳保鲜液;再结合真空包装和微波杀菌的保鲜方法,进行贮藏。结果表明:最佳复合保鲜剂配方为Nisin浓度0.05,溶菌酶浓度0.05,双乙酸钠浓度1的保鲜液。将烧鸡鸡肉浸泡于此保鲜液中60s,再进行真空包装和微波杀菌,在36℃条件下,至少可保藏11d,其微生物、感官指标均在国标允许范围内,可以有效延长鸡肉的保质期。     

2种工艺处理对乳扇贮藏品质的影响研究

目的探究巴氏杀菌和涂抹保鲜剂2种工艺处理对乳扇贮藏品质的影响。方法以茶多酚、壳聚糖天然保鲜剂为材料,分别采用巴氏杀菌、涂抹保鲜剂2种方式搭配真空包装保鲜乳扇,并从感官、理化、微生物等3个方面比较2种工艺处理对乳扇贮藏品质的影响。结果真空包装组(对照组)保鲜期达60d时,乳扇颜色偏黄,过酸,剪切费力,酸价测定结果为3.76mg/g,显著高于实验组(P<0.05);巴氏杀菌组和涂抹保鲜剂组保鲜期达105d,此时乳扇的色泽和风味正常,酸价分别为3.99、3.78mg/g,过氧化值分别为1.90、1.87mmol/kg,菌落总数小于4500CFU/g,大肠菌群阴性,霉菌和酵母菌检测结果符合国家标准规定。结论综合感官与理化指标评判, 2种工艺处理与真空包装处理相比,能将乳扇的保鲜期从60 d延长至105 d,保鲜效果显著。研究可为乳扇的天然保鲜提供一定的理论依据,促进云南民族乳制品发展。     

酱卤肉制品保鲜技术研究进展

介绍了酱卤肉制品保鲜技术的研究进展。对防腐抑菌剂、包装技术(真空包装、气调包装、可食性涂膜)、杀菌技术(加热杀菌、微波杀菌、辐照杀菌、高压杀菌)、低温保藏技术(冷藏、冰温保鲜)在酱卤肉制品中的研究及应用进行了综述,为各种保鲜技术在酱卤肉制品中的应用提供参考。     

微波杀菌在休闲熟食中的应用

目前休闲熟食的杀菌和保鲜对休闲熟食的加工越来越重要,微波杀菌技术也以其独特的优势被应用到食品生产领域中。综述了微波杀菌技术的原理、优势及缺陷,微波杀菌在休闲熟食中的应用以及其未来的发展趋势,为休闲熟食的杀菌和保鲜提供新的思路和解决方法,加快微波杀菌技术在现代食品工业中的应用。     

杀菌对保鲜方便米粉品质的影响

通过实验比较了几种杀菌保鲜方法对保鲜方便米粉品质的影响,得出最佳热力杀菌参数,可以在不加任何人工合成防腐剂的条件下,使保鲜方便米粉保存1年且对口感等品质影响较小。     

杀菌技术的作用机制及在食品领域中的应用

杀菌是食品加工中保障食品安全的重要环节,高效杀菌同时又能最大限度保留食品原有的营养成分和色香味的杀菌技术成为食品科学领域的研究热点。该文综述了热杀菌技术、非热物理杀菌技术及化学杀菌技术的基本原理、特点及在食品表面与包装材料、果蔬肉类保鲜等领域应用研究进展,为杀菌技术在食品工业微生物污染控制与预防中的广泛应用提供参考,旨在提高食品的安全性和市场竞争力。     

微波杀菌研究进展及其在食品工业中的应用现状

综述了微波杀菌研究进展及其在食品工业中的应用现状。微波加热对微生物和酶的热力效应,目前已深入到对杀菌对象不同种类微生物的致死和酶的钝化作用机理研究,而非热力效应还难以量化。微波杀菌还必需对内容物以及包装材料进行研究。微波杀菌技术在食品工业中的应用受到技术、经济和商业因素制约,杀菌过程缺乏有效的在线温度测定和控制的手段,目前还难以建立一套可靠的程序和依据来评估微波杀菌的效果和安全性。     

Influence of High-Pressure Treatment at 25°C and 80°C on Folates in Orange Juice and Model Media

ABSTRACT: The influence of high-pressure treatment on the 3 main folate species present in orange juice was assessed under conditions similar to those used in high-pressure pasteurization and sterilization using freshly squeezed orange juice and different model orange juices. The latter were used also to determine the influence of matrix components, pH, and excess ascorbic acid. Excess ascorbate strongly protected folates against pressure and heat. Pressurization at 600 MPa and 80°C affected model juice folates synergistically, and pressure increased the formation of 5,10-methenylfolate. In fresh orange juice, components other than ascorbate additionally stabilized folates, thus pressure preservation and pressure sterilization appeared very feasible.     

Pasteurized and sterilized maple sap as functional beverages: Chemical composition and antioxidant activities

Maple sap has been consumed for centuries as a tonic by the indigenous peoples of eastern North America but is primarily utilized in this region to produce maple syrup. The natural watery form of maple sap makes its application as a functional beverage appealing but due to microbial growth, sterilization or pasteurization would be necessary before sap could be consumed. This study was designed to investigate the chemical composition (sugars, amino acids, organic acids, minerals, and phenolics) and antioxidant effects of maple sap after undergoing pasteurization and sterilization. After both processes, sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and minerals were preserved in the sap samples and they had similar phenolic contents (0.25–0.27 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalents) and antioxidant activities (IC₅₀ ca. 550 μg/mL by DPPH assay). HPLC-DAD analyses revealed over 25 constituents in the sap samples of which 15 were identified using phenolic standards. In addition, one compound, 3′,5′-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxy-(2-hydroxy)acetophenone, not previously reported from maple syrup, was isolated and identified (by NMR) for the first time from maple sap. Therefore, the preservation of chemical constituents and antioxidant activity in maple sap after pasteurization and sterilization warrants its application as a functional beverage beyond its primary use for maple syrup production alone.     

常见热杀菌方式对关中羊乳品质的影响

采用5种常用热杀菌方式处理关中羊乳,即低温长时巴氏杀菌(65 ℃/30 min)、高温短时巴氏杀菌(72 ℃/15 s)、超巴氏杀菌(95 ℃/5 min)、高温高压灭菌(121 ℃/20 min)和超高温瞬时灭菌(137 ℃/7 s),在测定蛋白沉淀率、酒精稳定性、pH、红度值、粘度和脂肪球变化基础上,结合内源荧光光谱和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析,探究热杀菌处理对关中羊乳品质的影响。结果表明,高温高压灭菌羊乳蛋白沉淀率最高、酒精稳定性最差、pH明显下降、红度值明显增大,但5种杀菌方式对粘度没有显著影响(p>0.05);羊乳脂肪球经巴氏杀菌和超巴氏杀菌后,表观直径略微增大,而高温高压灭菌和超高温瞬时灭菌,尤其是高温高压灭菌则导致其明显变小;荧光光谱表明,高温高压灭菌羊乳蛋白结构改变最大,内源荧光强度剧烈升高;电泳显示,巴氏杀菌(65 ℃/30 min和72 ℃/15 s)对羊乳酪蛋白和乳清蛋白影响较小,超巴氏杀菌(95 ℃/5 min)乳清蛋白开始变性、聚集或部分降解,高温高压灭菌和超高温瞬时灭菌,尤其是高温高压灭菌则使乳清蛋白明显降解甚至消失,酪蛋白出现聚集和解聚。结果表明,高温高压灭菌和超高温瞬时灭菌,尤其是高温高压灭菌对关中羊乳品质影响较大,超巴氏杀菌影响次之,而巴氏杀菌则对其影响较小。     

Ribonucleosides: Chemical parameters for controlling the heat treatment of milk

From experimental findings concerning changes in the contents of ribonucleosides - which belong to the group of minor milk constituents - in heat-treated milk it can be concluded that the concentrations of cytidine, guanosine and inosine present in raw milk show a multifold increase in milk which has been subjected to thermization and holder pasteurization, whereas the adenosine level decreases. On the other hand, these enzyme- (e.g. adenosine deaminase, alkaline phosphatase) catalysed changes in the content of unmodified ribonucleosides in milk are not observed in milk samples after short- and long-time pasteurization, high temperature pasteurization, ultra-high heating and sterilization. The changes in milk ribonucleoside contents found in these heating regions are mainly attributable to the catalytic activity of the milk enzymes in the course of the heating-up phase. During short- and long-time-, as well as high temperature pasteurization i.e. in the whole pasteurization region, changes in the nucleoside levels correlating with processing temperature and holding time were not observed since in these heating regions milk enzymes, such as adenosine deaminase and alkaline phosphatase, are inactivated. Hence, in the whole region of pasteurization neither enzyme-induced degradation- and conversion reactions nor thermally induced chemical degradation reactions take place with respect to unmodified ribonucleosides. However, with sterilization values exceeding F₀ = 30 min thermally induced hydrolytic effects are observed in UHT milk samples which lead in particular to an increase in adenosine contents. Comparable observations were made as regards cytidine, guanosine, inosine and adenosine contents in sterilized milk samples. Summing up, it can be concluded that from the viewpoint of dairy technology cytidine, guanosine and mainly inosine can be taken into account as chemical parameters for detecting thermization and, in particular, holder pasteurization. For characterizing heat treatment in the region of pasteurization, high temperature pasteurization, UHT heating and sterilization unmodified ribonucleosides of milk appear to be unsuited. The studies on the Dimroth-rearrangement under heating conditions of thermization and holder pasteurization, as well as short-, long-time- and high-temperature pasteurization, ultra-high heating and sterilization have shown that N⁶-methyladenosine, which is the resulting product of the rearrangement, is suited to be used as chemical parameter for controlling milk heat-treatment under time-temperature conditions with sterilization values (F₀) lying between ≈0.4 and 22 min. N⁶-methyladenosine is, thus, suited to be used as a chemical parameter for detecting heat treatment in the upper range of high temperature pasteurization, the whole range of UHT heating and the lower range of sterilization (as normally applied in dairies). From the viewpoint of dairy technology N⁶-methyladenosine is, thus, suited to be used as a further chemical parameter mainly for characterizing the upper range of UHT heating and the lower range of sterilization of heat-treated milk.     

不同杀菌方式对低醇枣酒品质的影响

在果酒酿造过程中,常用的硫处理杀菌可能会破坏果酒的营养价值。该研究比较了高压杀菌、巴氏杀菌、NaHSO3和高压微射流处理（HPM）4种杀菌方式对发酵枣酒品质的影响。结果表明,与添加NaHSO3组相比,HPM杀菌处理对枣酒的pH和可滴定酸含量影响较小,可以提升枣酒的明亮度和酒精度,同时对枣酒的营养物质含量破坏较小。在发酵第8天,HPM组仅损失了7.67%的抗坏血酸,而NaHSO3组、巴氏杀菌组和高压杀菌组则分别损失了9.35%、13.43%和18.71%。巴氏杀菌和NaHSO3处理组的枣酒感官评分分别比HPM组低了1.49和1.40。采用HPM处理有望成为枣酒发酵前的杀菌处理方式之一,既能减少杂菌污染,同时也能有效保持枣酒的营养成分。     

Lycopene degradation, isomerization and in vitro bioaccessibility in high pressure homogenized tomato puree containing oil: Effect of additional thermal and high pressure processing

In the present study, the effect of equivalent thermal and high pressure processes at pasteurization and sterilization intensities on some health related properties of high pressure homogenized tomato puree containing oil were investigated. Total lycopene concentration, cis-lycopene content and in vitro lycopene bioaccessibility were examined as health related properties. Results showed that pasteurization hardly affected the health related properties of tomato puree. Only the formation of cis-lycopene during intense thermal pasteurization was observed. Sterilization processes on the other hand had a significant effect on the health related properties. A significant decrease in total lycopene concentration was found after the sterilization processes. Next to degradation, significant isomerization was also observed: all-trans-lycopene was mainly converted to 9-cis- and 13-cis-lycopene. High pressure sterilization limited the overall lycopene isomerization, when compared to the equivalent thermal sterilization processes. The formation of 5-cis-lycopene on the other hand seemed to be favoured by high pressure. The in vitro lycopene bioaccessibility of high pressure homogenized tomato puree containing oil was decreased during subsequent thermal or high pressure processing, whereby significant changes were observed for all the sterilization processes.     

冷杀菌技术与植物源抑菌剂联合抗菌研究进展

随着食品安全意识不断深入人心,人们更加青睐于安全高效的新型抗菌技术。相对于传统杀菌技术,冷杀菌技术简单易操作、处理温度低、对食品感官品质影响小、杀菌的同时能较好地保存食品的营养成分。植物源抑菌剂相对于化学防腐剂不仅安全高效,而且具有广泛的生物活性,如抗氧化、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、免疫调节等,然而,单独使用冷杀菌技术不能完全杀灭病原菌,植物源抑菌剂使用成本高,其难溶性和强烈的挥发性气味也限制了其应用。该研究综述了冷等离子体、紫外线、超高压和超声波这几种冷杀菌技术分别与植物源抑菌剂的联合抗菌研究进展,指出了冷杀菌技术与植物源抑菌剂的联合应用不仅能降低冷杀菌技术的处理强度和植物源抑菌剂的使用浓度,而且增强了抗菌效果,冷杀菌技术与植物源抑菌剂的联合应用在食品保鲜领域有着广阔的应用前景。该研究为这两种技术的协同抗菌研究提供一定的理论参考,并就其应用前景及应用中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

超声处理对羊乳中大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果

以新鲜羊乳为原料,研究了超声处理对新鲜羊乳中大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌效果,为羊乳的非热杀菌方法及产品开发提供参考。基于单因素实验,采用Box-Behnken试验设计研究了超声功率、温度及时间对羊乳中大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌杀菌效果的影响,并以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的灭菌对数值为响应值,通过响应面分析对超声处理条件进行了优化,并研究了超声处理和巴氏杀菌处理对两种菌株菌体的破坏情况以及贮藏期内菌落数的变化。结果表明,超声处理羊乳的最佳条件为超声功率530 W,超声温度60 ℃,超声时间30 min,在此条件下对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的灭菌对数值可到达7.55和6.53。与巴氏杀菌处理相比,超声处理能更大程度地破坏菌体细胞表面结构,杀菌效果更好,并能将羊乳贮藏期从巴氏杀菌处理后的14 d延长至21 d,品质要求仍符合国家标准。     

超高压和巴氏杀菌对百香果汁贮藏期品质的影响

本文研究了超高压杀菌(Ultra-High Pressure Sterilization,600 MPa/6 min)和巴氏杀菌(Pasteurization,80℃/30 s)对百香果果汁贮藏期菌落总数、理化指标、抗氧化活性、营养成分及挥发性成分的影响。结果表明:两种处理方式均使百香果汁达到商业无菌的状态,贮藏期结束后,巴氏杀菌和超高压杀菌菌落总数小于100 CFU/mL。巴氏杀菌使果汁总色差显著升高(P<0.05),且始终高于超高压处理,说明超高压杀菌对保持百香果汁色泽更有效。超高压处理对百香果汁可溶性糖、总酸、蛋白质含量无显著性影响(P>0.05)。贮藏期结束后,巴氏杀菌果汁的总酚、维生素C、总黄酮含量显著低于(P<0.05)超高压杀菌处理。巴氏杀菌处理后果汁的挥发性化合物酯类、醇类、酮类、醛类、烯烃类保留率低于超高压处理,且保留率与贮藏期呈负相关。综上,传统巴氏杀菌会降低百香果汁感官品质和营养品质,超高压杀菌对百香果汁品质的保持有显著优势。