阿奇霉素与红霉素治疗支原体肺炎疗效观察

目的比较阿奇霉素与红霉素治疗支原体肺炎的治疗效果。方法选择在我院住院的80例支原体肺炎患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各40例。治疗组采用阿奇霉素治疗,对照组采用红霉素治疗,比较它们的疗效和不良反应发生率。结果治疗组总有效率为82.5%(33/40),对照组总有效率为75%(30/40),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组有3例出现不良反应,发生率为7.5%;对照组有10例出现明显的不良反应,发生率为25%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组不良反应发生率要高于治疗组。结论阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎疗效确切,且不良反应小,具有良好的临床效果和安全性,值得推广应用。     

头孢噻肟钠联合阿奇霉素治疗社区获得性肺炎68例临床观察

目的观察头孢噻肟钠联合阿奇霉素治疗社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的临床疗效。方法随机将130例CAP患者分为两组,治疗组68例给予头孢噻肟钠3.0溶于0.9%氯化钠注射液100mL中滴注,2次/d,阿奇霉素0.25g溶于5%葡萄糖注射液或0.9%氯化钠注射液250mL中滴注,1次/d;对照组62例,给予头孢噻肟钠3.0溶于0.9%氯化钠注射液100mL中滴注,2次/d,两组疗程均为7～14d。观察两组的临床疗效、细菌清除率。结果总有效率治疗组为97.1%,对照组83.8%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);细菌清除率治疗组为93.48%,对照组为76.74%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论头孢噻肟钠联合阿奇霉素治疗CAP疗效高,值得临床推广。     

阿奇霉素联合红霉素治疗儿童支原体肺炎及对免疫功能的影响

目的探讨阿奇霉素联合红霉素治疗支原体肺炎患儿的疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法2007年3月至2009年4月我科收住院的临床诊断为支原体肺炎的患儿,分为治疗组(阿奇霉素联合红霉素治疗)和对照组(红霉素治疗),比较2组治疗疗效,并分别采用免疫比浊法及ELISA法测定血清免疫球蛋白及血清支原体抗体IgM(MP-IgM)。结果治疗组有效率(94.4%)较对照组(77.5%)高(χ2=17.135,P<0.01),不良反应较对照组少(χ2=5.457,P<0.05),在退热时间和啰音消失时间等方面指标均较对照组短(P<0.05),咳嗽缓解时间方面2组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组血清IgA、IgG、IgM水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后血清IgA、IgG、IgM水平较对照组治疗后更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阿奇霉素联合红霉素治疗支原体肺炎,具有良好的临床效果和安全性,值得临床推广应用。     

阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎疗效观察

目的探讨阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法将我院自2009年1月至2010年5月124例支原体肺炎患者,随机分为对照组与治疗组,对照组用红霉素治疗,治疗组用阿奇霉素治疗,对其临床疗效进行总结。结果治疗组总有效率高达96.77%,优于对照组总有效率72.58%,不良反应发生率治疗组为17.74%,低于对照组45.16%,数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论综上所述,阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎疗效显著,副作用小,值得在临床上推广。     

加替沙星胶囊治疗泌尿道细菌性感染疗效观察

目的评价加替沙星胶囊治疗泌尿道细菌性感染的临床疗效和安全性。方法门诊筛选124例泌尿道感染的患者,随机分成两组,其中治疗组62例接受加替沙星胶囊治疗,另外对照组62例接受左氧氟沙星胶囊治疗,疗程7～10d。结果治疗组的痊愈率为88.7%,总有效率为96.8%,与对照组(85.5%,93.5%)比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组不良反应率分别为3.2%和4.8%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论加替沙星胶囊用于治疗泌尿道细菌感染疗效确切,安全性好。     

联合治疗老年性肺炎并慢性肺气肿的临床观察

目的探讨头孢呋辛与阿奇霉素联合应用治疗老年性肺炎并慢性肺气肿的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我社区收治的268例老年性肺炎并慢性肺气肿患者,治疗组134例,采用头孢呋辛与阿奇霉素联合治疗,对照组134例,采用阿奇霉素治疗,比较2组治疗效果。结果治疗组总有效率为91.0%,对照组总有效率为82.8%,治疗组明显高于对照组,有明显的统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论头孢呋辛与阿奇霉素联合应用治疗老年性肺炎并慢性肺气肿,可有效作用于病变部位,提高患者治愈率,值得在临床中推广应用。     

炎琥宁治疗小儿支气管炎58例临床分析

目的 观察炎琥宁治疗小儿支气管肺炎的疗效及安全性。方法 将116例支气管肺炎患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组各58例,2组均给予青霉素(或阿奇霉素)等常规治疗,治疗组加用炎琥宁治疗。观察症状消失的时间及治疗效果,并分别进行统计学分析。结果 治疗组与对照组在退热时间、咳、痰、喘、肺部音以及X线平片肺部阴影的消失时间方面,均存在显著性差异。治疗组明显短于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗组的显效率为84.48%,显著高于对照组的显效率63.79%;治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为94.83%和82.76%,2者比较显著性差异(P<0.0l),未见明显副作用。结论 炎琥宁治疗小儿支气管肺炎安全有效。     

阿奇霉素针剂对小儿肺炎支原体感染治疗体会

目的探讨小儿肺炎支原体感染病例临床特点。方法将我院自2007年1月至2009年11月共治疗小儿支原体肺炎随机分成2组。治疗组80例。给予阿奇霉素粉针剂10mg/(kg·d)静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程3～5d。对照组40例。给予红霉素粉针剂20～25mg/(kg·d)静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程7～14d。结果治疗组有效率42.5%,对照组30%,2组有明显的差异性。治疗组无明显不良反应。结论阿奇霉素是治疗小儿支原体肺炎的最有效、安全的抗生素,不良反应轻。     

乳癖散结胶囊治疗乳腺增生病的疗效观察及机制探讨

目的观察乳癖散结胶囊治疗乳腺增生病的疗效及其对性激素水平的影响。方法180例患者按服药时间(1、2、3疗程)随机均分成A、B、C组。观察各组患者的总有效率、复发率及治疗前后卵泡期血清性激素雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、催乳素(PRL)水平变化。结果3组总有效率分别为70%、90%和93.3%;B组、C组患者总有效率明显高于A组(P<0.05),复发率明显低于A组(P<0.05);C组总有效率及复发率与B组比较差异无统计学意义。A组患者治疗后血清E2、P、PRL水平与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义。B组、C组患者治疗后血清E2、PRL水平较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),P水平较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05);且B组、C组患者治疗后血清E2、PRL水平较A组患者治疗后明显降低(P<0.05),P水平较A组患者治疗后明显升高(P<0.05)。结论乳癖散结胶囊治疗乳腺增生病的疗效确切,延长疗程能提高疗效、降低复发率,其机理可能与血清E2、PRL水平下降、P水平上升有关。     

阿托伐他汀的调脂疗效和安全性的临床研究

目的探讨阿托伐他汀的调脂疗效及安全性。方法将86例患者随机分:A组(治疗组)42例,口服阿托伐他汀10mg/d;B组(对照组)44例,口服辛伐他汀20mg/d,同时治疗8周。结果8周后,两组患者TC、TG和LDL-C均下降,阿托伐他汀使TG、TC、LDL-C下降42.5%、34.5%、40.9%;辛伐他汀使TG、TC、LDL-C39.6%、32%、39.7%;有效率分别为95.2%和93.2%。两组间各指标相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。且两组无明显的不良反应。结论阿托伐他汀治疗高脂血症的疗效显著,具有良好的安全性。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997