Criteria for the Formation of Sediment Plugs in Alluvial Rivers

A sediment plug is defined as aggradation in a river that completely blocks the main channel. Information from documented cases of sediment plug development in alluvial rivers was used to develop criteria for plug formation and to identify the setup conditions for sites that are prone to plug formation. Site characteristics, processes, and associated parameters were evaluated based on a comprehensive literature review and evaluation of data. A plug formation theory was developed and tested using a unique sediment transport/movable bed numerical model that simulates the key processes considered to affect plug formation. The theory and model were calibrated and validated against field data, and then used to develop simplified criteria that can be used to predict plug formation. Findings from this study can be used to identify sites that may be prone to plug formation, and the criteria can be used to evaluate the potential for plug formation based upon field site conditions when data are not available to complete a more detailed study.     

Economic values of optimum traits: the example of meat quality in pigs

In this paper a method is outlined to derive marginal-income functions and to calculate economic values for traits with an intermediate optimum such as meat-quality traits. A normal distribution of the quality trait was assumed, but the method can be used for other distributions as well. The parameters necessary to use this method are distribution of the quality trait, population mean and the standard deviation of the quality trait, optimum range, and price differences between products within and outside the optimum range. Especially, the optimum range for the quality trait and the price differences to be used have to be derived from consumer and processing research. Some alternative methods that can be used for selection on quality traits, such as restricted selection index, desired-gains index, and indices based on a quadratic aggregate genotype, are discussed.     

A mathematical evaluation of the multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) technique and the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET)

We consider two and 50 compartment lung models for use with two techniques used to investigate the efficiency of the lungs: the Multiple Breath Nitrogen Washout (MBNW) technique used for investigating the ventilation-volume distribution; and the Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique (MIGET) used for investigating the ventilation-perfusion distribution. In each of these techniques pulmonary respiratory gas exchange is described by conservation of mass equations which may be written in identical form, and in each the underlying distributions of ventilation to volume and ventilation to perfusion are assumed to be continuous functions (usually assumed to be a linear sum of log-normal distributions). The mathematical models used to describe the lung have predominantly used a collection of discrete compartments to approximate these continuous distributions. The most commonly used models have used one, two or 50 compartments. In this paper, we begin by showing that in the limit as the width of the peaks of the distribution tend to zero, the continuous distributions may be replaced by a single discrete compartment placed at each peak of the distribution. We investigate the various methods used previously for parameter recovery, and show that one commonly used method for the MBNW is not suitable and suggest a modification to this recovery technique. Using simulated error-free data, we show that both the two compartment model and the 50 compartment model contain information about the ventilation-volume (or ventilation-perfusion) distribution, and investigate the extent to which this information can be used to recover the parameters which define these distributions. We go on to use Monte-Carlo methods to investigate the stability of the recovery process.     

Animal models of neuromuscular diseases: pathophysiology and implications for rehabilitation

This article explains how animal models can be utilized to develop rehabilitation approaches to minimize the pathophysiology of neuromuscular diseases (NMD). Homologous animal models can be used to understand the pathogenesis of each NMD and the effect of physical interventions. Much of the current work using animals has been conducted to show how gene therapy could be used to ameliorate these diseases. Although we applaud this work, animal models should also be used to determine how the phenotypic expression of the disease can be modified by such physical interventions as exercise, stretching, and immobilization. Methods that can be experimentally applied to animals but not to humans can be used to determine the underlying causes of the pathologic process and to identify potential therapies for NMD.     

The use of drugs in migraine

Drugs may be given either for treatment of the acute attack or as prophylaxis. Those most commonly used for the acute attack are analgesics, anti-emetics and ergotamine tartrate. A recent work (Volans, 1974) has shown that absorption may be impaired during a migraine attack. It is important therefore that not only is the analgesic given in an easily absorbed form but that a drug such as metaclopromide should be given to help restore the normal activity of the gastro-intestinal tract. Patients having one or more attacks of migraine a week may need prophylactic treatment. The drugs now used include: Methysergide, should only be used for severe cases when no other treatment has been found helpful. Dihydroergotamine, the vasoconstrictor activity is less than in ergotamine tartrate and can therefore be used prophylactically. Pizotifen, possesses powerful anti-serotonin properties. It also has marked antihistamine and antitryptamine properties as well as being a central sedative and anti-depressant. Clonidine, in doses of 1 mugm/Kg renders the blood vessels less sensitive to circulating amines and seems to be effective in about one third of patients with classical or common migraine. Sympathetic Blocking Agents: alpha-blockers: indoramine has recently given some good results; beta-blockers: such as propanolol and pindolol have also been used. Full trials of all the substances are now in progress. Tranquilisers and anti-depressants, two of those commonly used are diazepam and amitryptiline. In either cases a small dose only should be used. Anticonvulsants, phenytoin in doses of 50-100 mgs per day is sometimes helpful particularly in children or in those who have abnormal electroencephalograms.     

Survey of Construction Metrology Options for AEC Industry

Techniques for measuring distances, relative heights, and angles have improved significantly during the last decades. Some of these techniques can be used in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction industry to improve the precision of measurements being made currently using traditional equipment. Other techniques can be used to record information that could not be obtained practically using the traditional equipment. Cost comparisons are made for different scenarios to show that the substantial initial cost of the new hardware can be compensated for by lower labor cost and shorter duration. This paper also points out some of the salient features of the new metrology options. For example, locating the three-dimensional coordinates of a point is necessary for robotic control. In this case, new equipment must be used if the traditional equipment cannot obtain the coordinates at a rate that is useful to control the movement of the robot.     

Induction of decision trees and Bayesian classification applied to diagnosis of sport injuries

Machine learning techniques can be used to extract knowledge from data stored in medical databases. In our application, various machine learning algorithms were used to extract diagnostic knowledge which may be used to support the diagnosis of sport injuries. The applied methods include variants of the Assistant algorithm for top-down induction of decision trees, and variants of the Bayesian classifier. The available dataset was insufficient for reliable diagnosis of all sport injuries considered by the system. Consequently, expert-defined diagnostic rules were added and used as pre-classifiers or as generators of additional training instances for diagnoses for which only few training examples were available. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy and the explanation capability of the naive Bayesian classifier with the fuzzy discretization of numerical attributes were superior to other methods and estimated as the most appropriate for practical use.     

Ergot alkaloids. Current status and review of clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use compared with other oxytocics in obstetrics and gynaecology

Ergot alkaloids are well known preparations. Ergot alkaloids used in obstetrics and gynaecology are ergometrine (ergonovine; EM), methylergometrine (methergine; ME) and bromocriptine. The pharmaceutical properties of ME EM) are critical. To guarantee stability, ME and EM ampoules should be stored in a cool, dark place. ME and EM tablets are unstable in all conditions and they show an unpredictable bioavailability, which prevents oral use of the drugs for any purpose. ME and EM are known for their strong uterotonic effect and, compared with other ergot alkaloids, for their relatively slight vasoconstrictive abilities. ME and EM do have a place in the management of the third stage of labour as they are strong uterotonics. They act differently from oxytocin and prostaglandins, and have different adverse effects. Oxytocin should be used as prophylaxis or a the drug of first choice; next, ME or EM should be used, and if none of these drugs produce the desired effects, prostaglandins should be used to control bleeding. Ergot alkaloid use in gynaecology has been limited and today is discouraged even in essential menorrhagia. It is suggested that EM and ME be used (parenterally) only in first trimester abortion curettage, to reduce blood loss. Bromocriptine has been used for lactation suppression. However, alternatives such as cabergoline, which possess fewer adverse effects, are now available and therefore preferred for this indication. In sum, there is no place for the prophylactic use of ME and EM in obstetrics or gynaecology. They can be used for therapeutic purposes in the third stage of labour. During use, the practitioner must be alert for adverse effects.     

化学沉积Ni-N合金工艺

本文以水合肼作为还原剂,以柠檬酸钠为络合剂于碱性条件下在紫铜基底表面化学镀Ni-N合金。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光学显微镜等方法对其物相、成分和形貌进行了表征,并探究了该反应可能的机理。结果表明镀液可在70℃左右进行化学镀镍,较传统配方(反应温度通常在90℃左右)镀液蒸发速度大大降低,镀液稳定性提高,反应更易控制。该条件下的化学镀镍除经典理论认为的柠檬酸根起络合作用外,还存在联氨-氨配合体系,可自发进行反应的条件大大降低,使镀液可以在更宽的pH值范围内使用。镀层以层岛结合形式生长,适当延长反应时间可得到厚度更大的镀层。     

上海苏州河底泥重金属淋洗效果的研究

采用批提取实验n）atchexperiment）,利用柠檬酸溶液、酒石酸溶液、聚天冬氨酸溶液及EDTA溶液依次淋洗受重金属污染的苏州河底泥。分析不同溶液在不同浓度下其淋洗液中的重金属含量及其浸提率,优化重金属淋洗试剂及其相应的浓度。结果表明,柠檬酸溶液、酒石酸溶液和EDTA溶液对底泥重金属均有显著的淋滤效果．其中．柠檬酸溶液的淋洗效果最好,其浓度为0．75mol／L时,对不同重金属的浸提率均在90％以上。聚天冬氨酸溶液对重金属的浸提能力相对较差,对底泥中的Cu淋洗能力较强,但浸提率亦不足60％。聚天冬氨酸对碳酸盐态重金属有较好的淋洗效果．酒石酸淋洗可去除交换态、碳酸盐结合态和氧化物结合态的重金属。     

Using the normal quantile plot to explore meta-analytic data sets.

In a meta-analysis, graphical displays can be used to check statistical assumptions for numerical procedures and they can be used to discover important patterns in the data. The authors propose the normal quantile plot as a preferred alternative to the funnel plot for such purposes. The normal quantile plot, like the funnel plot, can be used to investigate whether all studies come from a single population and to search for publication bias. However, the normal quantile plot is easier to interpret than the funnel plot, especially when it includes 95% confidence bands. In addition, the normal quantile plot can be used to check the normality assumption for numerical procedures. The funnel plot cannot be used for this latter purpose. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"A tapestry of care, knowledge, relationship and trust"

Pressure has been used since the early 1970s by burn care provides to help minimize the formation of hypertrophic scars. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, pressure appears clinically to enhance the scar maturation process. Bandages that can be wrapped and unwrapped or are made of a soft material are used in early scar management. Custom-made pressure garments generally are used for definitive scar management. Inserts are placed in concavities to aid in compression. Whatever intervention is used for scar management, patient and family should be educated about the realistic, potential outcome.     

Measurement of Frequency-Dependent Dynamic Properties of Soils Using the Resonant-Column Device

Dynamic properties of soils are commonly evaluated at resonance; thus, their variation with frequency is difficult to measure. A nonresonance (NR) method has been recently used for testing soils at low frequencies and strain levels below the linear threshold shear strain. However, the NR method has not been validated with the standard resonant method for different shear strain levels. In this study, the NR method is used to measure the dynamic properties of soils at low and midstrain levels for a maximum frequency bandwidth between 5 and 100?Hz using the resonant-column device. A new transfer function (NTF) equation is introduced to compare the dynamic properties measured using the NR method and the conventional transfer function approach. Experimental results for two sands and a sand–bentonite–mud mixture are presented for different strain and stress confinement levels. Results from the NR method compare well with the standard resonant column method at the resonant frequency if the strain levels are the same. The NTF approach can be used to measure the dependence of phase velocity of shear waves with frequency. However, the NTF method cannot be used to measure the variation of material damping with frequency. On the other hand, the NR method can be used to measure the degradation curves of wave velocity and material damping ratio as a function of frequency.     

贵州省硬质高岭土开发利用研究探讨

高岭土由于具有良好的物理化学性能，用途十分广泛，贵州省高岭土矿大部发为含炭硬质高岭土矿，不能直接利用，开发利用贵州硬质高岭土,太要在于脱除矿物中的铁、炭及锰等，提高白度及综合性能，使其达到可利用价值；通过试验研究，贵州硬质高岭土矿，适于采用重选－焙烧－化学漂白除铁的工艺流程来加工处理，可以得到不同级别的高岭土产品。     

The early days of the British Journal of Nutrition

Twenty patients were treated for intraoral epidermoid carcinoma with a single-stage reconstructive technique using a myocutaneous flap based on the platysma muscle. This flap carries on its distal tip a portion of isolated cervical skin to be used for intraoral replacement of the resected tissue. The superior vascular pedicle, the submental branch of the facial artery, was used. The platysma skin flap will survive if the blood supply from at least one region is preserved. In addition, it may be beneficial to include the external jugular and/or the communicating veins in the flap. Only three minor complications were seen and healed spontaneously. The flap has proved to be highly reliable and has significant benefits over many other techniques commonly used for head and neck reconstruction.     

大口径直缝焊接管线用钢板的生产和发展

介绍了大口径直缝焊接钢管用钢板的生产工艺。在冶炼过程中,应降低钢中的碳、硫含量,净化钢质;采用连铸坯;在轧钢工艺中采用控轧控冷、重矫、探伤等,从而获得强度、韧性、焊接性能及钢板平直度都符合天然气管线用钢板的要求。     

锌镍合金的研制及在含硅活性钢热镀锌领域的应用

研究了镍在锌液中的溶解规律及无芯电炉熔炼锌镍合金的工艺条件。开发了使用海绵镍配制锌镍合金产品的专利工艺，并进行了大规模生产。锌镍合金用于热浸镀锌，能很好地解决含硅活性钢热浸镀时的圣德林效应。     

Non-denaturing assay for the determination of the potency of recombinant bovine somatotropin by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography

A non-denaturing high-performance size-exclusion chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of the potency of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in bulk materials. A Spherogel TSK 3000 PW column containing a polymer base packing material with very hydrophilic bonded surface was used in this method. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate buffer pH 9.0, was used as the mobile phase. This method was shown to be non-denaturing by rat mass-gain assay and radioreceptor assay. The optimization for the separation and determination of rbST has been investigated. The method was validated for the determination of rbST in bulk materials. In addition, rbST soluble aggregates formed in the production process due to protein association, used to be found in bulk materials. The behavior of rbST soluble aggregates in ammonium hydrogencarbonate solutions have been studied. The bio-inactive aggregates can be separated by the method developed in this study. The high-low chromatographic technique has been used to estimate rbST soluble aggregates in bulk materials.     

锌镍合金的研制及在含硅活性钢热镀锌领域的应用

研究了镍在锌液中的溶解规律及无芯电炉熔炼锌镍合金的工艺条件。开发了使用海绵镍配制锌镍合金产品的专利工艺,并进行了大规模生产。锌镍合金用于热浸镀锌,能很好地解决含硅活性钢热浸镀时的圣德林效应。     

浅谈济钢球团厂的工业建筑管理

结合济钢球团厂的工业建筑现状,指出工业建筑的管理与维护应有完备的管理系统;要运用科学的管理方法,对不同等级的建筑物分类维护;并应利用新技术、新材料,做好工业建筑的维修组织工作。