螺旋槽气膜浮环密封结构参数设计分析

介绍了螺旋槽气膜浮环密封的结构特点,利用CFD-FLUENT软件分析比较了普通浮环、无坝区螺旋槽浮环和有坝区螺旋槽浮环3种结构的密封性能,建立了螺旋槽几何结构参数变化对浮升力、泄漏量等影响的规律曲线。计算结果表明:有坝区螺旋槽浮环结构密封性能最好;螺旋槽结构参数对密封特性影响较大,综合考虑较小的泄漏量和较大的浮升力,取较小的螺旋角,槽数26~30,槽长7~9mm,槽深25μm左右,槽宽比0.5较适宜。     

一字槽柱面气膜密封性能的仿真分析

为了探索新型柱面气膜密封的密封性能,基于CFD数值分析方法,定量分析了不同参数对一字槽柱面气膜密封性能的影响。研究结果表明,一字槽对动压气体润滑压场分布有较大的影响,结构参数、操作参数以及槽型参数对密封性能有直接影响,由于平均气膜厚度对泄漏量和浮升力的影响以及偏心率对气膜刚度和摩擦转矩的影响相互制约,应用中需综合考虑其对密封性能影响。该研究可为柱面气膜密封的实验研究和投入使用提供指导意义。     

螺旋槽干气密封润滑气膜特性的数值模拟

应用计算流体动力学分析Fluent软件对螺旋槽干气密封润滑气膜特性进行数值模拟,得到气膜流动场的压力分布、泄漏量、气膜开启力等特性参数;模拟数据与试验数据进行比较,并分析两者存在误差的原因。结果表明,随着转速、介质压力的增大,螺旋槽干气密封气膜压力、开启力、泄漏量也增大;该模拟方法的模拟结果与实验结果基本一致,可用于螺旋槽干气密封的优化设计。     

单列双向螺旋槽干气密封主要结构参数对性能的影响

针对一种用于高速高压等极端工况下的新型单列双向螺旋槽端面密封装置,采用商业CFD分析软件FLUENT,在等密封闭合力的假设条件下,研究了动环槽形几何结构参数,如螺旋角φ、槽深膜厚比Hg及槽长坝长比γ等对密封性能(泄漏量及气膜刚度)的影响.综合考虑了较小密封泄漏量和较大的气膜刚度,计算结果表明结构参数18°＜φ＜19°,4＜Hg＜7, 0.5<γ<0.7较适宜.     

锥度对螺旋槽气体端面密封稳态特性的影响

提出一种考虑螺旋槽气体密封端面径向锥度的理论模型。利用有限元法求解密封端面间气膜控制方程——雷诺方程，得到了端面膜压分布。计算了密封稳态性能参数，并与有关文献值进行了比较。分析了端面锥度对密封稳态特性的影响，进一步预测了密封端面出现接触摩擦的临界锥度。结果表明，锥度改变了端面膜压分布，并显著影响开启力、气膜刚度以及泄漏率等参数；过度变形将会导致密封因端面接触或大量泄漏而失效。     

T槽干气密封低速运转特性的理论研究

研究T槽干气密封低速运转特性。考虑滑移流的影响,利用有限差分方法求解修正的雷诺方程,探讨端面气膜压力分布,分析滑移流效应对工作膜厚、端面开启力和泄漏率的影响,以及端面关键几何参数对端面开启力和气体泄漏率的影响规律。结果表明:气膜密封在低速运转时,由于工作膜厚较小,滑移流对密封性能影响较大;T槽的几何参数和操作参数对密封性能有影响,其中几何参数对密封性能均有较大影响。     

柱面螺旋槽干气密封流动场数值计算与试验验证

针对柱面螺旋槽干气密封中的单列螺旋槽结构特点,建立螺旋槽浮环气膜密封的数学分析模型。基于中心差分法和Newton-Raphson迭代法,进行压力控制雷诺方程和气膜厚度方程的求解,得到压力和气膜厚度分布及不同操作参数下柱面单列螺旋槽气膜的泄漏量,并分析工况参数对柱面螺旋槽稳态性能的影响。结果表明:泄漏量是随着偏心率和压力的增加而升高;当偏心率一定时,转速的增加,导致泄漏量下降;当转速一定时,压力的上升导致泄漏量的急剧上升,近乎线性分布。试验结果与理论分析结果相吻合,验证了理论模型和计算方法的正确性。     

双螺旋角槽干气密封的槽型优化设计

建立单螺旋角槽干气密封的数学模型,利用数值方法分别研究槽数、螺旋角、槽深、气膜厚度、槽台比以及转速对密封性能的影响规律,计算结果与文献的实验值基本吻合。通过分析对比泄漏量、流场压力分布、平均开启压力等密封性能参数,优化出性能最佳的干气密封几何结构参数。针对单螺旋角槽在螺旋槽入口处的吸力面上存在明显的低压区的问题,提出双螺旋角槽干气密封结构。计算结果表明:双螺旋角槽在密封端面之间产生平均开启压力高于单螺旋角槽;相比于单螺旋角槽,双螺旋角槽在吸力面的入口处的流动分离更加明显,在槽区产生的动压效应更加明显;双螺旋角螺旋槽的密封性能更佳,其气体泄漏量也低于单螺旋槽。     

衍生螺旋槽对超临界二氧化碳干气密封微气膜稳态特性影响*

以衍生螺旋槽为研究对象,建立衍生螺旋槽端面微气膜三维流动模型,通过软件REFPROP获取CO2在不同压力温度下的物性参数,并导入Fluent计算得到了衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽的膜压分布。对比分析衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽S-CO2干气密封开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度,讨论不同入口压力和转速下湍流效应、实际气体效应以及离心惯性力对密封稳态性能的影响,揭示多种效应交互耦合对S-CO2干气密封气膜动态特性的密封机制。结果表明：衍生螺旋槽的气膜开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度等性能参数优于经典螺旋槽,这是衍生螺旋槽两级台阶作用的结果;随着转速的增加,在湍流效应和离心惯性力的交互耦合作用下,开启力、泄漏率及气膜刚度先增大后减小,随入口压力的增大,气膜开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度均呈近似线性增大,且压力越大衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽的差异越来越明显。     

仿生集束螺旋槽干式气体密封特性的数值分析

基于耦合仿生学原理,提出一种仿生集束螺旋槽端面干气密封结构以解决普通单向螺旋槽干气密封在高速条件下存在的泄漏率高、稳定性欠佳等问题。基于气体润滑理论,建立仿生集束螺旋槽的端面几何模型和数学模型,数值模拟分析槽宽比、螺旋角、微槽数及阶梯槽深比对动压开启力增长率、轴向气膜刚度、角向气膜刚度和刚漏比等密封特性参数的影响规律,给出仿生集束螺旋槽主要结构参数的优选值范围。结果表明:在高速低压条件下,相比于普通单向螺旋槽干气密封,仿生集束螺旋槽干气密封的密封性和稳定性等密封性能都有显著改善,其动压开启力增长率、轴向气膜刚度和刚漏比的增幅均超过20%。结果证明基于飞鸟翼翅的端面型槽仿生设计可以显著改善普通单向螺旋槽干气密封在高速条件下的运行稳定性,为相关工程选型与开发设计提供参考。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.