Comment on "Linguistic deficiency and thinking: Research with deaf subjects 1964-1969."

In H. Furth's (see record 1972-03464-001) previous review of 39 studies, with some exceptions, deaf children performed as well as hearing children on cognitive tasks. Because Furth believes that deaf subjects are linguistically deficient, he concluded that the thinking processes of deaf children are similar to those of hearing children and therefore must be explained without recourse to verbal processes. He offers as evidence for language deficiency 1 standardization study which shows that the mean reading achievement of deaf students on the nationally standardized Metropolitan Achievement Tests (MAT) falls below 4th grade equivalence. The present authors argue that (a) the MAT was normative referenced and does not provide evidence for an inability to handle English sentences, and (b) there exists still other evidence of deaf student mean achievement at 4th and 5th grade equivalence. Deaf Ss cannot be regarded as language deficient without explicit demonstration to that effect. Failing this, the reviewed studies cannot be said to contribute evidence for or against the hypothesis that language is not related to or required for cognitive development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The evolving profession of psychology: Comment on Lowe Hays-Thomas's (2000) "The silent conversation."

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 31(4) of Professional Psychology: Research and Practice (see record 2007-17397-001). On page 346 in the author note, Louisiana Southern University was given as the university where Tommy T. Stigall received his PhD. The correct university is Louisiana State University.] The authors comment on R. Lowe Hays-Thomas (2000; see record 2000-03894-016). The article begins with a few comments about the master's-degree issue and then examines the evolution of professional psychology in relationship to the master's issue over the past 50 years and into the future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comment on: A randomized double-blind phase III study of nimorazole as a hypoxic radiosensitizer of primary radiotherapy in supraglottic larynx and pharynx carcinoma. Results of the the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Study (DAHNCA) Protocol 5-85

Colonic adenocarcinoma was diagnosed by surgical biopsy in a domestically raised 3-yr-old male corn snake (Elaphe guttata guttata). The snake presented with a history of constipation. Several masses were palpated in the distal coelomic cavity. On proctoscopy, a nodular firm white mass encircled the distal colon proximal to the cloaca. The histologic diagnosis was transmural mucinous colonic adenocarcinoma with scirrhous reaction. Resection of the affected region alleviated intestinal obstruction for at least 4 mo, after which the snake was lost to follow-up.     

Critique of "Desensitization: Social and cognitive factors underlying the effectiveness of Wolpe's procedure."

An earlier study by W. Wilkins (see P.A., Vol. 47:6967) purported to demonstrate the overriding importance of various social and cognitive factors in systematic desensitization. It is argued that the supporting evidence he cited is deficient on several counts, both logical and empirical. (29 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"High-Tech With the Human Touch: Using Telehealth to Reach America's Children." Correction to Wasem and Puskin (2000).

Reports an error in "High-tech with the human touch: Using telehealth to reach America's children" by Cathy Wasem and Dena Puskin (Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 2000[Feb], Vol 31[1], 3-4). On page 4, the last sentence of text incorrectly reads, "For additional telehealth project, policy, legal, and funding information, visit OAT's web site at http://www.telehealth.hrsa.gov." The correct web site address is http://telehealth.hrsa.gov. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2007-17617-001.) In the past decade, we have seen new telecommunication and information technologies used to provide health services, health professional and consumer education, and public health and administrative services. The application of these tools to health care, commonly referred to as telehealth, provides an unprecedented opportunity, as we embark on a new millennium, to take services to those in need-to "carry the water to the desert." Telehealth provides both a means to increase access, and to reengineer the processes of care, enhancing the equality and effectiveness of health services. This article illustrates how telehealth has helped children and youth in various health care settings. Many of these projects have been initiated with federal funds from OAT or other federal agencies. Some of the projects use technologies that require special phone lines and expensive equipment ranging from $15,000 to $50,000; others run over regular phone lines and use equipment costing between $500 to $1,000. Psychologists are involved in many of these projects as initiators of services, as members of multidisciplinary teams, and as researchers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

(R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-Synadenol: synthesis, absolute configuration, and enantioselectivity of antiviral effect

Synthesis of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-synadenol (1a and 2a, 95-96% ee) is described. Racemic synadenol (1a + 2a) was deaminated with adenosine deaminase to give (R)-(-)-synadenol (1a) and (S)-(+)-hypoxanthine derivative 5. Acetylation of the latter compound gave acetate 6. Reaction with N, N-dimethylchloromethyleneammonium chloride led to 6-chloropurine derivative 7. Ammonolysis furnished (S)-(+)-synadenol (2a). Absolute configuration of 1a was established by two methods: (i) synthesis from (R)-methylenecyclopropanecarboxylic acid (8) and (ii) X-ray diffraction of a single crystal of (-)-synadenol hydrochloride. Racemic methylenecyclopropanecarboxylic acid (10) was resolved by a modification of the described procedure. The R-enantiomer 8 was converted to ethyl ester 13 which was brominated to give vicinal dibromides 14. Reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride then furnished alcohol 15 which was acetylated to the corresponding acetate 16. Alkylation-elimination procedure of adenine with 16 yielded acetates 17 and 18. Deprotection with ammonia afforded a mixture of Z- and E-isomers 1a and 19 of the R-configuration. Comparison with products 1a and 2a by chiral HPLC established the R-configuration of (-)-synadenol (1a). These results were confirmed by X-ray diffraction of a single crystal of (-)-synadenol hydrochloride. The latter forms a pseudosymmetric dimer with adenine-adenine base pairing in the lattice with the nucleobase in an anti-like conformation. Enantiomers 1a and 2a exhibit varied enantioselectivity toward different viruses. Both enantiomers are equipotent against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV). The S-enantiomer 2a is somewhat more effective than R-enantiomer 1a in herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) assays. By contrast, enantioselectivity of antiviral effect is reversed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) assays where the R-enantiomer 1a is preferred. In these assays, the S-enantiomer 2a is less effective (EBV) or devoid of activity (HIV-1).     

A neglected parameter: Some comments on "a table for the calculation of d' and B."

In a previous article, L. Hochhaus presented tables for the calculation of the sensitivity and response bias parameters of signal detection theory, d' and B. The present author contends that Hochhaus' method of calculating d' is of limited generality due to its omission of the parameter ss/sn. A general equation for calculating d' is presented, and the consequences of failing to consider ss/sn are discussed in terms of some artificial data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pyloric stenosis - a complication of cholelithiasis. (Case of gallstone perforation into the duodenal bulb)

Pressure-necrosis followed by stone perforation is ralatively rare among the complications of cholelithiasis. There is always a danger of a stenosis in the gastro-intestinal tract. Report of a case of perforation of a gallstone into the duodenal bulb producing few signs but the clinical picture of pyloric stenosis. Symptoms, signs and differential diagnosis are discussed on the basis of the literature.     

Dermal penetration of 4"-(epi-methylamino)-4"-deoxyavermectin B1a benzoate in the rhesus monkey

The dermal absorption of the experimental avermectin insecticide emamectin benzoate was studied in the Rhesus monkey. Dermal absorption was calculated by comparing radioactivity levels in excreta following dermal application of the compound with those following administration of an equivalent intravenous dose. After i.v. administration of 300 micrograms [3H]MAB1a (prepared as a 1:1 solution of propylene glycol:saline) to three monkeys, plasma levels decreased biphasically with a rapid decline in radioactivity during the first 15 min followed by a slower decline to background. By 7 days post-dose, approximately 90% and 5% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the faeces and urine, respectively. After a washout period, 300 micrograms [3H]MAB1a (dissolved in emulsifiable concentrate) was applied topically to the shaved forearm of the same monkeys. Following a 10-hr exposure period, approximately 90% of the radioactivity was recovered in a soap and water wash of the exposed forearms. Although plasma radioactivity levels generally remained below background levels, approximately 1.5% of the applied dose was recovered in the excreta. Dermal absorption of [3H]emamectin benzoate was calculated as 1.6%. The low dermal penetration of emamectin benzoate indicates that minimal actual exposure of agricultural workers to this compound will occur.     

Concentration of Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions with <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(2-hydroxyethyl)alkyl amines

Regularities of the recovery of Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions from ammonia solutions by N-(2-hydroxyethyl)alkyl amines (HEA), namely, regions of pH values of maximal recovery of M(II), the influence of the radical length in the HEA series, and precipitation time, were investigated. It is found by conductometric titration that the ratios in complexes are [Cu(II)] : [HEA] = 2 : 1, 1 : 1, and 1 : 2; [Co(II)] : [HEA] = 1 : 1 and 1 : 2; and [Ni(II)] : [HEA] = 1 : 1 and 1 : 2. Complexes of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecyl amine with Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions are isolated and identified. Their composition is confirmed by the data of IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Using N-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine, a reagent of the HEA series,, which is optimal in regards to the totality of its properties, as an example, the effectiveness of compounds as collectors during the removal of nonferrous metals from waste waters by the ion flotation method is shown. The maximal degree of recovery of the M(II) ions from ammonia solutions by this method is 99.4% for Cu(II) ions (C _res = 0.34 mg/L), 96.8% for Co(II) (C _res = 1.55 mg/L), and 99% for Ni(II) (C _res = 0.60 mg/L).     

Aedes (Ochlerotatus) surcoufi (Theobald, 1912). Restoration of the binomen; morphological analysis; position in the holarctic "excrucians" complex (author's transl)

The study of the morphology of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of Aedes excrucians from Germany, Italy and France has led the authors to rise again the binomen Aedes surcoufi (Theobald, 1912) to particularize the european populations. At the same time, the characteristics of the different species of the Aedes excrucians complex are discussed.     

Results of treatment of cholelithiasis and its consequences; the so called "postcholecystectomy-syndrome" (author's transl)

Our analysis of 378 patients made after operations for diseases of the gallbladder and bile tract underlines the demand of an exact preoperative diagnostic examination of other abdominal organs, e.g. the oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver and pancreas. The value of using modern intraoperative diagnostic procedures for the biliary tract is confirmed. Our analysis also demonstrates the necessity of traeting cholelithiasis surgically at an early stage. Complications of cholelithiasis include a higher risk, a worse prognosis with regard to permanent healing and a higher rate of postoperative lethality.