碳纤维增强橡胶复合材料的耐腐蚀性研究

研究了碳纤维增强的氯丁和丁腈混合橡胶在不同的介质：甲苯、汽油、机油、水中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明，加入碳纤维的橡胶的耐腐蚀性能优良，并且橡胶的耐腐蚀性能随着碳纤维含量的增加而增加。在室温下，碳纤维含量为20％(体积分数)Cf的橡胶耐腐蚀性能最好。在不同溶剂中，按甲苯、汽油、水、机油的顺序腐蚀程度降低。     

橡胶压缩蠕变性能测试方法

研究了橡胶压缩蠕变性能的测试方法,指出用金刚石单颗粒抗压强度计及改进的洛氏硬度计,可以精确地测量橡胶的压缩蠕变性能。     

复合材料用碳纤维的表面处理

碳纤维及其复合材料具有高比强度、高比模量、耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳和抗蠕变等一系列优异性能,为了充分发挥碳纤维的性能,对其进行表面处理非常关键.分别介绍了碳纤维的气相氧化法、电解氧化法、液相氧化法、等离子氧化法、电聚合法、气相沉积法和表面镀层等表面处理方法,并比较了不同处理方法对碳纤维表面结构和性能的影响.碳纤维的表面处理对提高其使用性能是一个重要的保证措施,针对碳纤维不同的使用要求,应采用不同的表面处理方法.通过对比各种碳纤维的表面处理方法得知:目前应用最为广泛的是臭氧化法﹑阳极电解氧化法和等离子氧化法.     

碳纤维长度对C_f/2024Sc铝基复合材料蠕变性能的影响

研究了不同长度(2、3、4、5mm)3%的镀铜短碳纤维增强含Sc的2024铝基复合材料的高温蠕变性能和微观结构。结果表明,在200℃、300MPa的蠕变条件下,添加了2mm碳纤维的复合材料的蠕变性能最优,其蠕变断裂时间为21.16h,稳态蠕变速率为1.05×10~(-5)s~(-1)。在不同温度(150～190℃)和不同应力(200～400MPa)蠕变条件下,复合材料的门槛应力随温度的升高而线性下降,其中添加2mm碳纤维增强复合材料的蠕变激活能最高,为83.9kJ/mol。碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的主要蠕变机制为位错攀移。     

单向碳纤维／热解碳复合材料的高温蠕变行为SCIEI

用化学气相沉积热解碳制备了一种单向Ｔ３００（ＰＡＮ）碳纤维增强复合材料，在１９００－２３５０℃范围内侧定材料的蠕变性能，用红外测温仪测量温度，温度波动控制在±２℃内，经计算激活能为８４．８ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ，蠕变激活体积为０．７５４ｎｍ＾３。在１９００，２０５０，２２００和２３５０℃的蠕变摩擦应力分别为１２７，１１５，９５．６和９０．３ＭＰａ，外推得知，蠕变摩擦应力为零时的温度为３３７５℃。     

现代仪器分析技术在碳纤维/橡胶复合材料研究中的应用

简要介绍热分析技术,扫描电子显微镜在研究碳纤维／橡胶胶复合材料的反应机理、耐热性以及碳纤维在橡胶中的分布善和断裂机理等方面的应用情况。     

单向碳纤维／热解碳复合材料的高温蠕变行为

用化学气相沉积热解碳制备了一种单向Ｔ３００（ＰＡＮ）碳纤维增强复合材料，在１９００－２３５０℃范围内测定材料的蠕变性能。用红外测温仪测量温度，温度波动控制在上±２℃内。经计算激活能为８４．８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，蠕变激活体积为０．７５４ｎｍ~３。在１９００，２０５０，２２００和２３５０℃的蠕变摩擦应力分别为１２７，１１５，９５．６和９０．３ＭＰａ。外推得知，蠕变摩擦应力为零时的温度为３３７５℃，约与碳的升华温度相当。     

AE42和Mg-Al-RE-Ca合金的压入抗蠕变性能

用压入蠕变的方法研究了AE42合金和在AE41合金中加入0．4％-1．2％Ca的（质量分数，下同）Mg-Al-RE-Ca合金的抗蠕变性能，并利用光学显微镜，XRD和SEM（带EDS）对合金蠕变前后的组织结构进行了分析。结果表明：随着Ca添加量的提高，Mg-Al-RE-Ca合金的压入抗蠕变性能也不断提高，Mg-Al-RE-Ca合金在150℃和175℃时的压入抗蠕变性能优于AE42合金。压入蠕变前后的组织结构分析表明：AE42合金中Al11Nd3相在高温下不稳定会分解，造成抗蠕变性能下降：而在稀土含量相对少的Mg-Al-RE-Ca合金中，形成热稳定性好的Al2Ca，改善了合金的抗蠕变性能。     

温度对7050时效成形应力松弛及回弹影响

建立蠕变本构模型,并对不同温度下预时效态7050厚板的时效成形过程进行分析。结果表明,该文所建立的蠕变本构模型适用于预时效态的7050合金的时效成形。时效成形过程中,温度越高,应力松弛效果越明显,蠕变变形量越大,残余应力越小,回弹率越低。     

蠕变对Cu/SnBi-xSm/Cu焊点界面形态及力学性能的影响

在Sn-58Bi复合焊料中添加不同含量的稀土钐,分别经过100、200和300 h蠕变处理后分析Sn-58Bi复合焊料焊后接头的润湿性、显微组织、拉伸强度以及断口形貌。结果表明,稀土钐的添加能有效地改善焊接接头的综合性能,钐含量为0.05%时,焊接接头的综合性能最佳。添加稀土钐能增大复合焊料的铺展面积,0.05%Sm时,复合焊料的铺展面积比未添加前增加了23.2%,复合焊料中断口孔洞数量最少,拉伸性能最佳,抗拉强度最高。蠕变处理后,焊接接头的晶粒变得粗大,抗拉强度变弱,综合性能下降。稀土钐的添加还有利于孔洞的减少。蠕变时间越长,对焊点界面组织和性能的破坏越大。     

DETERMINATION OF CREEP PROPERTIES OF THERMAL BARRIER COATING（TBC） SYSTEMS FROM THE INDENTATION CREEP TESTING WITH ROUND FLAT INDENTERS

Indentation creep behavior with cylindrical flat indenters on the thermal barrier coating (TBC) was studied by finite element method (FEM). On the constant applied indentation creep stress, there is a steady creep rate for each case studied for different creep properties of the TBC system. The steady creep depth rate depends on the applied indentation creep stress and size of the indenters as well as the creep properties of the bond coat of the TBC and the substrate. The possibilities to determine the creep properties of a thermal barrier system from indention creep testing were discussed. As an example, with two different size indenters, the creep properties of bond coat of the TBC system can be derived by an inverse FEM method. This study not only provides a numerical method to obtain the creep properties of the TBC system, but also extends the application of indentation creep method with cylindrical flat indenters.     

Nondestructive evaluation of creep damage in power-plant steam generators and piping by magnetic measurements

Magnetic hysteresis measurements have been used to evaluate creep damage in power plant weldments. This method relies on the sensitivity of the magnetic properties of steels, such as coercivity, remanence and hysteresis loss, to microstructural changes occurring during creep. During high temperature creep there is a significant change in microstructure such as the formation of voids, dislocation networks and grain boundary cavities. The evolution of these defects during creep affects the magnetic properties by changing the impedance to magnetic domain wall motion and also by introducing internal demagnetizing fields associated with cavities. The present paper discusses results obtained from on-site inspection of creep damaged Cr-Mo steel welds at two thermal power plants. One of the objectives of this research was to establish whether there were any trends in the magnetic properties as a result of creep damage which could be used later as part of a more comprehensive screening procedure for monitoring the progress of creep damage.     

Low temperature Si-DLC coatings on fluoro rubber by a bipolar pulse type PBII system

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been attractive materials because of their excellent mechanical properties such as high hardness, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance and more. In order to spread the application of the DLC coatings for polymer materials, it is necessary to make the temperature go down during the coating process.Our group has been studying DLC coatings on several materials with bipolar pulse type PBII (plasma based ion implantation) systems, which consist of positive and negative (or bipolar) pulse generators and a timing controller. Recently we have introduced a new bipolar pulse generator, whose slew-rate is several times larger than that of previous generators, and a controller which can make a very short pulse less than 1 μs. Using the pulse generator and controller, we have tried to make Si incorporated DLC (Si-DLC) coatings on fluoro rubber, which is widely used in many industries, at low temperature.Using the new pulse generator and controller, we can make very short width positive pulse of about 1 μs, and reduce the temperature during Si-DLC coating to about 30 K. The lower temperature makes fewer folds on the sample surface. By using optical indentation microscope system, Meyer hardness (H_M) of uncoated and Si-DLC coated fluoro rubber was obtained and the value of H_M for Si-DLC coated rubber is about 1.4 times larger than that of uncoated rubber. Coefficient of friction of Si-DLC coated rubber was 0.2 to 0.25 and drastically decreased from 1.3 to 1.9 of uncoated rubber. Wear of uncoated fluoro rubber is apparent, however, wear of Si-DLC coated rubber cannot be observed, except for the creep effect of fluoro rubber substrate. The counter SUJ2 ball surfaces also showed almost no wear. Si-DLC coating can make the tribological property of fluoro rubber to low friction and less wear. Si-DLC coatings are very useful in many applications.     

Mg和半固态加工对A356合金显微组织和抗蠕变性能的影响

研究Mg和半固态加工对A356合金蠕变性能的影响。结果表明：位错攀移控制的蠕变是占主导地位的蠕变机制，它不会受到半固态加工以及进一步添加 Mg 的影响。Mg 提高合金的抗蠕变性能主要是由于在枝晶间区域形成大量汉字型的 Mg2Si。半固态加工的样品表现出比铸造样品更好的抗蠕变性能，这是由于 Mg 在α(Al)相中显著溶解所致堆垛层错能的减少而导致的。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of orthorhombic alloys in the Ti---Al---Nb system

The current understanding of the metallurgy of the orthorhombic alloys in the Ti---Al---Nb system is reviewed with emphasis on tensile and creep properties of ternary alloys. It is shown that increasing the Nb content of alloys from 15 to 27 at% at a constant Al level significantly increases both the tensile and creep properties of equiaxed as well as lath structures, while small changes in Al content have a large effect on creep. For a given alloy composition, the amount of B2(β) phase and its distribution and the scale of O laths influences tensile properties, while creep properties depend on the volume fraction of equiaxed ₂/O phase present in the structure as well as the size of O laths.     

Effect of Ti content on creep properties of Ni-base single crystal superalloys

The effect of Ti content on the creep properties and microstructures of experimental Ni-base single crystal superalloys has been investigated. The experimental alloys were designed to provide better high temperature properties than the commercial single crystal alloy CMSX-4. The creep properties of the experimental alloys, Alloy 2 and Alloy 3, were superior to those of CMSX-4. Alloy 3 showed a longer creep life than Alloy 2 at 900 °C and 950 °C, while it has similar creep life with Alloy 2 at 982 °C. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs of the experimental alloys after the creep test showed distinct deformation features as a function of temperature and Ti content. The dissociation of dislocations into partial dislocations with stacking faults in Alloy 3 was found to improve resistance to creep deformation at 950 °C. The effect of Ti on the creep deformation mechanism was not evident at 982 °C, which resulted in similar creep properties in both experimental alloys. The transition of the γ′ cutting mechanism from dislocations coupled with stacking faults to anti-phase boundary coupled pairs occurred both in Alloy 2 and Alloy 3. However, the transition temperature was higher in Alloy 3 than in Alloy 2 because of the difference in Ti contents.     

TiAl基合金的工艺—显微组织—力学性能关系

因密度、比刚度、高温比强度和阻燃性等方面的优势,TiAl基金属间化合物被认为是最有应用潜力的新一代结构材料。室温脆性以及延性、蠕变性能和其它性能的平衡是阻碍TiAl基合金作为高温结构材料实际应用的主要障碍。在分析合金化对组织与性能的影响及机理、加工／热处理 对组织与性能的影响、变形和断裂机制、显微组织与拉伸性能的关系、抗氧化性及改善、蠕变性能与蠕变机制的基础上,论述了TiAl基合金的工艺－显微组织－力学性能关系。     

显微组织对TA11钛合金棒材力学性能的影响

通过对TA11钛合金不同组织状态的棒材进行组织、性能检测分析,研究了初生α相含量和尺寸对TA11钛合金室温拉伸性能、热稳定性能、蠕变性能的影响。研究结果表明,初生α相含量对TA11钛合金的拉伸性能影响较小,但对合金的抗蠕变性能影响明显:初生α相含量在50%~90%范围内时,合金的室温拉伸性能、热稳定性能随初生α相含量的增加变化不明显,抗蠕变性能随初生α相含量的增加而提高;初生α相尺寸对TA11钛合金的拉伸性能、蠕变性能具有一定的影响,随着组织粗大程度的增加,拉伸强度降低,抗蠕变性能提高。     

CREEP PROPERTIES OF HIGH SILICON ALLOY ZA27 PREPARED BY SPRAY DEPOSITION

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